prof ren ping liu - csiro

Broadband on Trains

TELECOMMUNICATIONS & TRAIN CONTROL, 18TH & 19TH AUGUST 2015

Ren Ping LiuPrincipal Scientist, CSIROProfessor, UTS & Macquarie U

• Introduction– Motivations, business case– Technical challenges

• Technical Solutions– System architecture– Transport network– Ground-‐to-‐Train Communications

• advanced technologies: Satellite, 3G, 4G, 5G, – Onboard networks

• WiFi and LiFi

• Broadband on trains activities– Europe, North America, Asia, and Australia

Broadband on Trains | [email protected]

Broadband on Trains: Outline

2 |

• Introduction– Motivations, business case– Technical challenges



• WiFi and LiFi



Outline

3 |

• Improve passenger experience:– Productivity: work on the trains with email, phone, tele/video conferencing– Entertainment: web surf, social networking, video, gaming

• Enhance train operations, and safety – environment monitoring, video surveillance

• Our target is:


Why Broadband on Trains

4 |

Turn your boring train journey è Exciting ride

• UK study found: – 72% of business travellers were more likely to use trains than cars or airplanes if broadband access was available on trains

• Benefits of broadband on trains– Increase passenger volumes– Increase high valued business/first class passengers

• Direct revenue– Data charges– Entertainment charges: video rental

• Indirect revenue– Advertising, sponsorship


Business case for Broadband on Trains

5 |

• Fast moving trains– High speed è Doppler effect,

è fast changing radio channels – Frequent handoffs è call drop-‐off,

è packet loss and reorder.• Harsh structural environment

– Viaduct, cutting, bridge, tunnel è obstruction, reflection– Wind barrier, acoustic barrier è diffraction, scattering

• Metal train carriage– Faraday cage-‐like è penetration loss

• Harsh electromagnetic environment– Power supply grid è sheltering– High voltages, high magnetic fields è interference


Broadband on Trains è Tech Challenges

6 |

• Introduction– Background, motivations, business case– Technical challenges



• WiFi and LiFi



Outline

7 |

1) Transport network: optical2) Ground-‐to-‐Train Comms: Satellite, 3G, 4G, 5G3) Onboard networks: Wi-‐Fi


System Architecture for Broadband on Trains

8 |

Main Challenge

• Fibre optics backhaul along train tracks– 100s Tbit/s capacity– Support train management + Broadband

• In remote locations– Wireless backhaul


Optical Transport Networks

9 |

CSIRO is world leader in wireless backhaul

• Satellite– Long delay, low BW 0.5~1.5 Mbit/s

• 3G (GSM-‐R for signals): – Low BW: 2 Mbit/s

• Wi-‐Fi– High BW: 56 Mbit/s– But, shorter distance, non-‐standard handoff


Ground-‐to-‐Train Communications – review

10 |

• Higher BW: up to 50 Mbit/s, • longer range: up to 30 km• Challenges:

– Handoff for many individual users– Signal fluctuation as train move forward– Require higher data rate


Ground-‐to-‐Train Communications – 4G (LTE, WiMAX)

11 |

• Problems:– Massive handoff from many users è signalling overhead; – Faraday cage inside train

• Solution: Train Top Gateway– Aggregate traffic, group handoff è less overhead– Predicted handoff è smooth handoff– Avoid signal block by train carriage è better reception

• Higher layer adaptations– Mobile IP, Stream Control Transport Protocol (SCTP)– IP Address: adapted DHCP and NAT


Enhancing Ground-‐Train Comms – 1: Handoff

12 |

• Problem: signal fluctuates as train moves forward

• Solution idea: – Train: constant speed & fix track– Train position is predictable!

• Smart antenna to follow train– MIMO digital beamforming


Enhancing Train-‐Ground Comms – 2: Signal Fluctuation

13 |

Achieve Stable High data rate

50Mbps

20Mbps25Mbps

50Mbps45Mbps 47Mbps

CSIRO is world leader in MIMO technology

• 5G: Massive MIMO– Hundreds of antennas at one Base Station– Many more spatial channels

• With MIMO beamforming• Much higher data rate

– order of magnitude higher


Enhancing Train-‐Ground Comms – 3: More BW

14 |

Gbit/s stable rate

Ground-‐to-‐Train Comms

Summary: Ground-‐to-‐Train Communications


10kbps 100kbps 1Mbps 10Mbps 100Mbps 1Gbps 10Gbps

MAN(1-‐10km)

LAN(50m)

PAN(10m)

BAN(5m)

data rate

Network technology / Range

IEEE 802.11a,b,g

Wi-‐Fi

Bluetooth

IEEE802.15.4ZigBee

IEEE 802.15.6

15 |

Satellite

3G, GSM-‐R 4G

LTE-‐A /WiMAX

5G

• Wi-‐Fi is the consensus technology

• IEEE 802.11a,b,g -‐ 2007– 2.4/5GHz, DSSS/OFDM, 54Mbit/s

• IEEE 802.11n -‐ 2009– MIMO, 64QAM, 600Mbit/s

• IEEE 802.11ac-‐2013– 5GHz, MU-‐MIMO, 256QAM, 1Gbit/s

• 802.11ad-‐2012 “WiGig”– 60GHz, MU-‐MIMO, 7Gbps


Onboard Network: Wi-‐Fi

16 |

CSIRO invention

Li-‐Fi: an extension of Wi-‐Fi

• Wi-‐Fi may not be enough – for multimedia, e.g. Video on Demand– Even higher BW are required: 100px100Mbit/s/p=10 Gbit/s

• Li-‐Fi: Use LED bulb as data transmitter1) Streaming contents to a lamp driver2) Modulate data onto LED bulb with on-‐off keying3) Watch movie from light bulb

• Li-‐Fi advantage– Potential higher data rate– No interference between streams– Hundreds of independent streams

Broadband on Trains | [email protected] |

Ground-‐to-‐Train Comms

Summary: Onboard Networks


10kbps 100kbps 1Mbps 10Mbps 100Mbps 1Gbps 10Gbps

MAN(1-‐10km)

LAN(50m)

PAN(10m)

BAN(5m)

data rate

Network technology / Range

18 |

Satellite

3G, GSM-‐R 4G

LTE-‐A /WiMAX

5GOnboard Networks

IEEE 802.11a,b,g

Wi-‐Fi.11n

.11ac

.11ad

Li-‐Fi

Bluetooth

IEEE802.15.4ZigBee

IEEE 802.15.6

• Introduction– Background, motivations, business case– Technical challenges



• WiFi and LiFi



Outline

19 |

• Europe: started with satellite– UK: GNER; Italy: Trenitalia; Sweden: Icomera; – Thalys provides Satellite broadband services to its trains across Europe

• Combine Satellite with WiMAX– UK: T-‐Mobile offers Internet access on Southern trains in 2005– Germany: T-‐Mobile provides broadband services to German intercity trains

• “High-‐speed mobile broadband” in UK rail network, 2013– Lay fibres along the tracks, support 192 Tbit/s– Passengers get 50 Mbps, using 4G/LTE + WiFi


Broadband on Trains Activities

20 |

• North America– US: Nomad trials broadband on trains using WiMAX + WiFi– Canada: PointShotWireless deployment in VIA Rail

• Asia– Japan uses Leaky coaxial cable, useful along tunnels– India uses Satellite and WiFi– China deployed LTE in a few lines, including Shanghai Maglev Trains

• Australia– Queensland Rail provides free Wi-‐Fi to all new City network trains.– NSW: have cellular coverage around city

Intercity services are sketchy


Broadband on Train Activities

21 |

• Introduction– Motivations, business case, challenges

• Technical Solutions– System architecture

• advanced technologies: Satellite, 3G, 4G, 5G, • WiFi and LiFi


• Conclusion:– It’s time to deliver


Conclusions

22 |

Broadband on Trains

Professor Ren Ping LiuFounding Chair, IEEE NSW VTS ChapterPrincipal Scientist, CSIRO, AustraliaAdjunct Professor, Macquarie UniversityAdjunct Professor, University of Technology, [email protected]

R.P. LIU

Thank you

prof ren ping liu - csiro

Engineering

introduction motivations

traincommunications

satellite longdelay

introduction background

mbits wifi highbw

videosurveillance ourtargetis

gaming enhancetrainoperations

upto30km challenges