problems and prospects of working in pakistan

PROBLEMS OF WORKING WOMEN 1

Problems and Prospects of Working Women in Pakistan

AssignmentBy Dina Ismail

Submission to National Institute of Labour Administration Training (NILAT)

In fulfillment of the requirement of54th Post Graduate Diploma Course in Labour Administration and Industrial Welfare


INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………………………..3

CATEGORIES OF WORKING WOMEN……………………………………………………..3

CHALLENGES AT WORKPLACE………………………………………………………………..6

VIEWS OF WORKING WOMENS………………………………………………………………11

RESEARCH FINDINGS…………………………………………………………………………………13

WOMEN IN DIFFERENT JOB SECTOR……………………………………………………..17

PUNJAB GOVERNMENT……………………………………………………………………………..19

ATTITUDE TOWARDS WOMEN………………………………………………………………19

CHANGING SOCIETY…………………………………………………………………………………20

RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUGGESTION……………………………………………21

ACTIONS WOMEN NEEDS TO DO…………………………………………………………..22

REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………………………………23


INTRODUCTION

Throughout the history of Pakistan, Muslim women have suffered a great deal of unnecessary restrictions due to the misconceptions of Islam. Women are brought up to believe they should stay within the four walls of their homes and avoid any contact with men they are not related to. These misconceptions are still prevalent in the society, and women, particularly working women, face lots of problems.

Much has changed in the last decade, but even in urban areas, when a woman travels to work, she must still be ready for stares and rude remarks from strangers. The influx of women entering the job market has brought about a certain level of change in public attitudes and promoted acceptance of women’s professional potential. Many employers prefer women for certain jobs, since they are thought of as and expected to be obedient and docile. Still, most people simply assume that working women do not possess good characters.

CATEGORIES OF WORKING WOMEN

I) CATEGORY ONE:


The women of category one live in small houses, grouped together in small communities. Their furnishings are old and rustic, often given to them by their employers or picked up from the streets. Several generations of a family may live together, including children, grandparents, siblings, and sometimes distant relatives. The men are usually unemployed, addicted to drugs, or just lazy, and their laziness is socially accepted. They work as labourers on a contract basis or street vendors. The women also work due to the uncertainty of their spouses’ income, which may be caused by sickness, old age or the institutional irregularity of working as a day labourer. Salima, who works in four different houses, said:

“I work in different houses and by the end of the day I get very tired, because at home I also have to take care of the kids and house work. My husband does not help me in anything.”Khatoon, a 40-year-old married domestic worker, said:

“My husband doesn’t work. I have six children to take care of and my husband just eats, sleeps and gives us orders. He doesn’t care about anything. He is free from all worries. It is not only my husband—all the men in our community are like this. Very few of them go to work. By commanding at home they feel superior.”

II) CATEGORY TWO:

The women of this category can be separated in to two sub-categories. There are families who allow and/or encourage their sisters and daughters to attain sufficient education to qualify for respectable jobs like teachers, nurses or clerical positions—but these families cling to the traditions and culture of the society at the same time, not wanting their women to work in any job considered degrading. Other families give their women sufficient education to enter any


kind of job, whether it be sales, marketing, counter staff, receptionists, factory workers, etc.—these are not very traditional families. Due to increased economic pressures, the concept of seclusion has been reduced to a great extent. The women of this category are educated, but due to financial pressures they leave school early and enter the job market: even so, they are usually not career-oriented. Their families are also not well-educated, and their fathers and husbands are not in highly-paid jobs. Since they are not from well-established families, most cannot afford to keep a full-time domestic worker to help with household work, although some do employ part-time help.

Women whose families can’t afford to pay a domestic worker must also take care of the housework, which is considered her primary occupation. Domestic work is traditionally considered unrespectable for men, so it is very rare for one of them to help. These families cannot afford to buy cars, so the women travel in buses unless their employers provide a transport service. Taxis are too expensive for them, and travelling in buses in Karachi is a tough job in itself. Most of these middle-class women become teachers, where most of their contact is with children and a gender-segregated environment is easily maintained. This job is considered respectable for girls because the need to interact with men is kept to a minimum. Khalida, a 39-year-old government schoolteacher, said:

I teach in a girl’s school because my husband’s salary is not sufficient for us. In my parents’ family girls are not allowed to work. But I am glad they gave me opportunity to get some education, so at least now I can teach in a school. And now after marriage, I belong to a family where I was given permission to teach, but only in a girls-only school. I do this job for the sake of my kids, so that I can give them a better standard of living.

III) Category Three


The women of category three are career-oriented. They come from well-educated families, live in expensive areas of the city, and their husbands and fathers earn high salaries. These women do not need to work to augment the family income—they work for the sake of a career and for self-fulfillment. (Women of the wealthiest class, whose husbands or fathers are involved in big businesses, do not enter the job market, and are not included in this study.) Category three women live in fairly large houses and have all the basic necessities of life, as well as certain luxuries. They are permitted the opportunity to get a good education, and since their families can afford to keep domestic workers they are not expected to shoulder the family’s entire burden of house work. They are subject to fewer traditional restrictions and like to compete with men, work side by side with them. Twenty-five-year old Samina works as an assistant marketing manager. She has recently completed an MBA from a private college, said:

I am working to utilize my education and get some experience. This is my first job after graduation. My working life is totally different from my life as a student—people in my office take notice of everything I do and report it. I cannot be as carefree as I used to be when I as a student; I have to be very careful. But here I am learning a lot of new and different things. I think this is what life is

CHALLENGES AT WORK PLACE

Women workers face different challenges in the workplace like gender based discrimination, harassment, domestic restriction, work and family issues and unequal pay


In the past few decades, the role of women in our society has been drastically changed. Women can be seen as fighter-jet pilots, educationists, customer services head, company executives, admin heads, banking, HR and telecom sector. Women are making a tremendous contribution in each sector. Men are no longer considered as the only bread earner of the house. Women of the family are now also financially supporting their family. Though the number of working women is increasing day by day but still there are certain barriers that they have to cross to prove themselves beneficial for the job market.

1)GENDER BASED DISCRIMINATION:

Working men are usually given unfair advantage in comparison to the working women. In this male dominating society, men are considered more hardworking, intelligent and better employees than women. This gender discrimination result in increased level of stress and job dissatisfaction. It also decreases motivation to work and commitment towards the job.

Basically women are given lesser opportunities for quality education which in turn results in lack of knowledge regarding technological advancement.

2)DOMESTIC RESTRICTIONS:

Earlier women were restricted to their home and their primary role was to take care of household chores. With time, due to increase in economic pressures on families this restriction has been released. Now in most of the families women are also allowed to get higher education and do paid jobs but under certain restrictions. The maximum percentage of working women can be seen as health workers, educationist, clerks or any other low paid job that are not much preferred by men because of the lack of growth opportunities and low pay-scale. Women are allowed to do such jobs because of the female dominant environment. This thing has restricted the woman's exposure to


other available opportunities and limited their growth in the developmental sector. After all day of work at office, no matter how tired they are, they also have to look after domestic chores.

3)HARASSMENT AT WORK PLACE:

Harassment is another main problem faced by working women, as they are considered an easy target by the male colleagues. Most of the women in Pakistan came out of their house to earn money only at the time of extreme need, they are much vulnerable and colleagues and higher management harass them by passing inappropriate remarks or making fun of them or in extreme cases they harass them sexually.

Usually women remain silent on such acts or ignore them or put up with it in fear of losing their job. They are reluctant to make allegations against the culprits. Some of them resign to get rid of all this because they know that it is of no use to make a complaint against them. Corrupt officers and higher authorities do not support them. Strict laws are there to support working women but only if all this gets reported. This is one of the major reasons why families do not allow women to work.

4)SEXUAL HARASSMENT:

Sexual harassment involves unwanted or unwelcome behavior, which can offend, humiliate, and intimidate a person while creating a hostile working environment.

The laws relating to sexual harassment in Pakistan

Pakistan has enacted a new law namely “The Protection against Harassment of Women at Workplace Act, 2010” since last year. This is the first time that sexual harassment has been defined in Pakistan through a legislative instrument. Before this enactment, there was no clear definition of harassment, whether at public, private, or workplaces. Section 509 of Pakistan Penal Code 1860,


talked about “insulting the modesty” of a woman but there was no clear definition of “modesty”. Moreover, there was no law to prohibit harassment at workplace.

Last year (2010), Government of Pakistan not only enacted a special law for preventing sexual harassment at workplace but also amended section 509 of Pakistan Penal Code. Now it clearly defines harassment and includes harassment at workplace as well. It has also raised the maximum punishment for perpetrator from one to three years. Now under section 509 of Pakistan Penal Code, insulting the modesty of women or sexually harassing them, is a crime. The perpetrator of this crime may be punished with imprisonment, which may extend to 3 years or fine up to PKR 500,000 (5 lack) or with both. However, this crime is still bailable and compoundable (parties can settle the case between themselves even when matter is in the court, after permission of the court).While, if you have lodged your complaint directly to Police, the convict can be imprisoned for a maximum term of 3 years, or fined with a maximum sum of PKR 5 Lack or with both

5)LOWER PAY-SCALE:

The employer should ensure that uniform wages should be paid to both men and women on an equal amount of work done. In many workplaces, employees are not allowed to discuss their salaries because of which no one ever comes to know if they are paid less or not. Bullying, harassment and abusing are vivid acts but lower wages is a silent offense, no one makes any complaint and the problem continues.

Women are paid less because employer has this preset concept that she will quit the job after marriage or after having children. Women earn low also because they have to choose a less challenging job for themselves so they can spend more time at home. Parenthood affects the woman's career adversely in contrast to men.


The organization should offer some family-friendlier policy and also make sure equal wages should be given to the employees without gender discrimination. Remaining silent on such act means that we are silently supporting this crime.

6)MARRIED WORKING WOMEN:

Most of the married women are not allowed to do a job and also, it becomes difficult for them to maintain work and household chores equilibrium because of increased responsibility. Traditionally, men are the bread earners of the house and it is not appreciable if women support the family financially or if women earn more than men.

Married working women also face problems at work. It is not possible for them to work in late hours. Most of the workplaces do not have nurseries or daycare where mothers can keep their children.

7)NEGATIVE ATTITUDES OF MALE CO-WORKERS:

Attitude of male co-workers is sometimes really humiliating and biased. It is considered that women are hired just to add colour to the office environment. Lack of workplace social support, from colleagues and supervisors leads to absenteeism, low turnover and job dissatisfaction. Higher authorities should try to establish a supportive and conducive work environment.

8)TRANSPORT:

The transport system in our country is very poor. This is a big hindrance for the women who have to go out for a job. Men and women both have to face this problem. Despite the inadequate availability of the public transport, women also have to face


harassment. They are bound to travel on buses and vans because taxis are expensive.

The government should address this problem on priority basis. Separate public transport can solve this issue.

9)TRADITIONS AND STEREOTYPES:

Segregation is frequently linked to traditions and stereotypes. Whilst in some cases this may reflect personal choices, traditions and stereotypes may influence, for example, the choice of educational paths and, consequently, professional careers that girls and women make. While around 60% of new university graduates are women, they are a minority in fields like mathematics, computing and engineering. Consequently, there are fewer women working in scientific and technical jobs. In many cases this results in women working in lower valued and lower paid sectors of the economy. Because of these traditions and stereotypes, women are expected to reduce their working hours or exit the labour market to carry out child or elderly care.

10) BALANCING WORK AND PRIVATE LIFE

Women experience greater difficulties than men when it comes to balancing work and private life. Family, care and domestic responsibilities are still not equally shared. The task of looking after dependent family members is largely borne by women. Far more women than men choose to take parental leave. This fact, together with the lack of facilities for childcare and elderly care, means that women are often forced to exit the labour market: only 65.8% of women with young children in the EU are working, compared to 89.1% of men. Although part-time work may be a personal choice, women have greater recourse to part-time work in order to combine work and family responsibilities. There is evidence of a pay gap in hourly earnings of part-time and full-time workers. Across Europe around 32% of women work part-time, compared to only around 8% of men.


Consequently, women have more career interruptions or work shorter hours than men. This has a negative impact on their career development and promotion prospects. It also means less financially rewarding careers

11) SEGREGATION IN THE LABOUR MARKET

The gender pay gap is also reinforced by the segregation in the labour market. Women and men still tend to work in different jobs. On the one hand, women and men often predominate in different sectors. On the other hand, within the same sector or company women predominate in lower valued and lower paid occupations. Women often work in sectors (for example in health, education, and public administration) where their work is lower valued and lower paid than those dominated by men. When we look at the health sector alone, 80% of those working in this sector are women. Moreover, women are frequently employed as administrative assistants, shop assistants, or low skilled or unskilled workers - these occupations accounting for an important proportion of the female workforce. Many women work in low-paying occupations, for example, cleaning and care work.

Women are under-represented in managerial and senior positions. For example, women represent only around 17% of board members in the biggest publicly listed companies within the EU, around 4% of chairs of boards, and a third of scientists and engineers across Europe.

VIEWS OF DIFFERENT WORKING WOMEN’S OF PAKISTAN

Though government and parents are encouraging the females to work and play an active role in the development of the society yet the environment and working conditions are the least favourable for those who dare to come out of the four walls of the safe heaven for them – their homes.


“Males at work places try to dominate the females as they do at home”,

said Fatima Hassan, working as a web designer in a software house.

“Today’s women are more competent than males but males are not yet willing to give them their right place. It has been

observed that males cannot digest the superiority of females at workplace. They don’t rely on female workers while giving

assignments, particularly on technical and relatively complex tasks.”

Samina Rashid, a Network Engineer in a government institution opined,

“Major challenge faced by women at workplace is gender discrimination. Females get less importance than males

performing the same job; it is very difficult to create a work environment where gender is a non-issue”

Said Ayesha Khattak working as a Human Resource Manager in an Information Technology firm .

“We find many opportunities but cannot accept them due to domestic restrictions.”

Khalida Yasmin, a lady doctor working in a government hospital, said,

“Working Mothers have double responsibility, as they have to engage in managing the work place and also have to run a house as well which demands a full attention to her husband, kids, and

in-laws.”Said Iram Naz working as a research assistant in a local

university.


“Late sitting is the biggest challenge for me”,said Rukhsi Iqbal, an employee at a call center in

Islamabad. She is also a house wife with two children -- living in a joint family system. After the whole night’s

tiredness at job-place it is very difficult for her to accomplish the house-hold chores.

“We think of leaving the job almost daily but the financial constraints do not allow us to materialize it. We have to

maintain the balance between job and houses hold chores,”Robina Mughal, a mother of six-month old daughter is employee at a travel agency. Though her husband in-

laws are very cooperative, but her daughter misses the motherly love as she is at job place.

“Common sitting arrangement is the major problem for female employees”

Said Nabila Arshad, working as Assistant at government institution.”

“We don’t have separate washrooms, sitting rooms and prayers rooms in the building. Absence of these common facilities

makes the working life terrible.”Said Tazeem Akhtar who works at a government

organization.

“It is difficult to get job in relevance to our qualification”,Expressed Rabia Niazi.

She has a degree in Environmental Sciences. She wants to serve in the Ministry of Environment but currently

serving as a junior lady teacher at a school.


Although women are serving at different capacities including fighter-jet pilots, company executives, HR and Admin heads in

big groups, Educationists, Customer Service heads and in banking and Telecom sectors, yet they are facing immense

problems related to environment at workplace that is conducive to peaceful working.

RESEARCH FINDINGS

Author, Title of study

Respondents Finding

A Case Study on Problems of Working Women in City Sukkur

150 respondents, 37 from education department, 13 were doctors, 27 were nurses, 33 were employees of various NGOs and 40 were sales representatives in various cellular companies were selected for current study.

Working women face domestic problems as well as official matters.

In homes they cook, clean the house, care for children and family members while outside

They face transportation problems, sexual harassment during their mobility and at work place.

Some time they have no control on utilization of their salaries. These salaries were utilized on maintenance of home or other issues.

Similarly they have less access to join social gathering because it may suffer their work or they have less number of leaves.


Problems of Employed Women at Faisalabad–Pakistan

This study focused on problems faced by employed women within the current socio-economic conditions in the urban area of Faisalabad District.

The selected sample of employed women consists on 70 doctors, 50 bankers and 30 teachers

It is concluded that They joined their services to

shoulder the economic responsibility of the family for raising their living standard.

The married employed women were blamed that their house and children are neglecting by them due to their jobs.

And the general problems of the employed women were un-availability of conveyance, undesirable working conditions, insufficient pay, and allowances.

Doing job by a woman is considered as a matter of indignity in our society. They are also facing other problems by the society members.

In spite of those problems that they are facing, majority were fully satisfied with their jobs, and most of them were contributing their salaries to their families expenses


Challenges and risks faced by the working women ingovernment organizations:An Insight from AsianCountries

This research is conducted to explore the challenges and risks faced by the working women in government organizations of northern areas (Gilgit-Baltistan Pakistan).

For this purpose, a sample of 50 working women was taken from government organization, from Gilgit city.

The age group of selected sample ranged between 20 and 49 years.

The qualification of the respondents was usually under-graduate and graduate, the working experience of

The finding indicates that Inequality with women or lack

of opportunities for women in job market is a serious issue.

This research shows that female employees face many difficulties in government organization, such as discriminatory gender policy, lack of trainings, pick, and drop facility, and even in some organization female employees don’t have separate toilets.

Almost all organization did not have day care centre for children of working women, timings are inflexible for female employees and lack of appreciation for their work, internet facilities at work place, lack of official accommodation and cafeteria facility are the major concerns of working women of Northern areas of Pakistan.


the sample ranges between 1 and 25 years

Problems Of Formally Employed Women: A Case Study Of Bahawalnagar, Pakistan

The focus of the study is to highlight the problems of working women in formal sector in Bahawalnagar.

Sample of 100 formally employed women are selected from four public sector departments as 20 police women, 40 nurses, 20 school teachers and 20 college lecturers using stratified random sampling.

Descriptive analysis is used for highlighting the problems faced by

Results reveal thatPolice women are facing low social status and non-recognition of their jobs. Nurses face unscheduled working hours and low wages and school teachers want higher wages for their work.

Unavailability of transport is also a major problem to all formally employed women in this sample.


working women in said departments.

WOMEN’S IN DIFFERENT JOB SECTORS

BANKING SECTOR: Problems Faced By Working Women In Banking SectorOf Bahawalpur

Banking sector is the back bone for the economical development of any country and working women, being a considerable part of the society, also played a vital role in the smooth run of banking sector. Focus in this research is on the “Problems faced by working women in the Banking Sector of Bahawalpur.”

In this research, we observed that Parents are supportive to send their daughter in banking sector but other relative and Moral Values of the Society is creating problem for working women which is causing non-supportive attitude of husband of working married women.

Majority of the respondent are agreed on the point that married women are facing more problem than unmarried women although the children of married are not neglected but husband attitude remain non-supportive.

Most of the respondents are satisfied with salary structure but they are not satisfied with the promotional system in the banking sector as they believe the basis of promotion is favoritism.


With all these problem though, The research concludes that the Banking Sector of Bahawalpur is considered to be a very good sector for female workers as more than 80% respondent are agreed for this sector should be adopted by female workers.

LIBRARIANSHIP: Management Issues for Female Librarians: A CaseStudy of University of the Punjab

This study examined and explored the latest position and job-related problems of professional academic women librarians in the top ranked Pakistani university named University of the Punjab, Lahore.

This study also discusses the general hindrances and stoppages faced by females in librarianship; suggest possible solutions that help in their proficient development.

The study was conducted by using quantitative research method. Questionnaires were filled from respondents. The answers point to

that working women in Pakistan are not facing issues relating harassment or threats from male co-workers, although there are some cultural traits that still affect the woman’s managerial position in Pakistan.

JOURNALISM: Pakthunkhwa: (A Problems Of Female Working Journalists In Khyber Case Study In Peshawar City-Pakistan)

It was revealed during the course of this research paper that the Female working journalists in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa are facing many problems during the course of their reporting in the field, from various quarters of the society, both within the offices where they work and whilst commuting i.e. going to their offices and coming back to home. These and a host of other problems affect both their personal and professional lives to a great extent and consequently


due to these problems, they are unable to do justice to their profession and portray the real picture of the issues that they cover.

In PASHTOON Society “HIJAB or PARDA” is an important component in the backwardness of Pashtoon society in Khyber Pakthun Khwa as compared to the other provinces in the country the rigid customs of that tribal culture are the major hurdles in the active participation of female.

Majority of the respondents face problems while reporting in public places due to the in different attitude of the general people and their continuous staring and passing of obnoxious remarks. The organizations in which those female journalists worked also did not give any professional training in order to polish their skills.

PUNJAB GOVERNMENT

The role that working women play in a society and the progress of a country can no longer be ignored, said Assistant Commissioner while addressing an event held to mark the Working Women Day that will be observed on December 22, according to instructions.

He said that

Islam had given women a lot of respect, which no other religion did.

The AC said that

the Punjab government had taken a number of steps to ensure that working women face no problems at work or at home.


Saba Waheed, of the PML-N Women Wing, was the chief guest. She lamented that

women weren’t given the same respect as men even though they worked as hard, if not more.

EDO (Community Development) Imtiaz Mazari said that

the government had ensured that no women were asked to work the graveyard shift at factories. She asked that the government

be notified in case of a violation.

(Published in The Express Tribune, December 9th, 2012.)

ATTITUDES TOWARD WOMEN IN MANAGERIAL POSITION IN PAKISTAN

Women’s educational and professional life and their status in society are at present more on increase due to efficient and dedicated role played by them in different organizations. From junior staff up to managerial position which is not limited to educational management, they not only handle particular department but also as a political leaders they can represent their entire nation. Some women have now become more powerful, knowledgeable and function intelligently in crises situations, in the world of management. Nowadays they are ready to take challenges of the practical life and do not limit them to the domestic domain only. We can count number of woman playing significant role in our society. We can see how media highlights the contribution of women in different fields. Due to their extraordinary performance in various professions, now attitude towards women has changed in various countries.

Particularly in job situation attitude towards woman as manager has now becoming positive in many countries because they are now showing their efficiency in many masculine related management positions. However sometimes we perceive that


women limits their potentials to specific posts in the work setting, therefore others also perceive them as capable of handling males are considered as fit for the same and it is believed that they would be able to execute that task more successfully than females. Although a lot of apparent and non observable negative attitude towards women as a manager prevails still the numbers of women in managerial positions are increasing day by day and women are able to set themselves whether it is their own business or a hired managerial position. Women are functioning at these senior positions successfully. (Uzma Ali, et al. 2013)

CHANGING SOCIETY

In the urban areas of Pakistan, women’s contribution to family economy and the job market has increased a great deal in the last 50 years. The tradition of secluding women and confining them to traditional jobs, thereby keeping male contact to a minimum, has also changed (to an extent). This is more prominent in the upper- and middle-class families in Karachi. The pressure to conform to traditional female behavior, including submission to household interests as dutiful wives and daughters, has also changed. Women can choose from a broad range of occupations such as laboratory assistants, clerks, sales and marketing professionals, journalists, lawyers, IT analysts, engineers, broadcasters, scientists, sailors, police officers, army, navy and air force personnel, nuclear scientists, etc., although the numbers in some of these categories are still small.

Women are often found working as waitresses and chefs at newly decorated and fully modernized fast food outlets. In many modern department stores women are working as salespersons. Until recently such sales and marketing jobs were considered exclusively male jobs, and no women dared apply. Large numbers of women are found working in small and large factories; they are also employed in pharmaceutical and electronic industries. As the ratio of educated girls has increased, these young women have


entered into white collar jobs competing with men and working side by side with them. There are entrepreneurs, architects, administrators, bankers, beauticians, fashion designers.

Women are into sports like cricket, hockey, badminton, and table tennis. There are models, TV producers, singers, directors. Women are preferred for secretarial work and are often paid better salaries than men in that particular field. The medical profession is very popular with women: female doctors come from the upper- and middle-classes, health workers and nurses from the lower class.

RECOMMENDATION AND SUGGESTIONS

Government as well as NGOs must sensitize community on women rights.

Government of Pakistan should introduce working women friendly transport system.

NGOs and civil society must aware the working women regarding system of complaint if they face sexual harassment.

Social Organizations or the institute there workers are women must introduce women friendly policies

The negative attitudes of the society members can be changed through awareness raising programs of media.

Special buses and transport can be provided to the employed women.

Working conditions should be improved to some extent up to the desires of women.

Additional allowances should be provided them for enhancing their interest in their jobs.

THE ACTIONS WOMEN NEED TO DO

To face challenges successfully,


Women need to be self-confident and should keep herself up to date with the latest happenings in the world of technology.

The internet has now solved the problem of limited opportunities, as every internet savvy person can access to the world of knowledge and information. So women should keep surfing the internet to increase their knowledge.

Good communication skill is also a necessity; it helps in building social network which in turn helps in appraising whenever there are new opportunities available.

Meeting deadlines is also important to prove yourself worthy. Another most important thing is to maintain balance in work

and personal life. Also there is a need to educate men and tell them to respect

other women like they respect women in their family. They should show flexibility in their attitude and should accept

that women can perform even better than them.

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