President Jefferson

• Who was Jefferson?

• 3rd President• Democratic-Republican• conservative• For the states and the people.

Jefferson’s Goals

• What were his goals as president?

• Democratize America• Make government smaller

and less powerful• Reconcile (get over) party

differences.

Jefferson’s Plan• How did

he plan to achieve his goals?

1. Democratize – acted less formal and dressed/acted like a regular citizen.

• Louisiana Purchase - Expand the country so that more people can own land and be involved in government.

2. Keep the government out of the economy (laissez faire and free market) = no tariff.

• Cut budget, decrease size of the government departments and army/navy, and repeal whiskey tax (vintage conservative economic policies).

3. Reconcile differences: Keep some Federalist policies = keep the national bank, pay off debts, and allow many federalists to keep their jobs. Allow them to stay involved without giving in.

What hurt Jefferson’ Plans?

• Marbury v Madison –precedent (example) for Judicial Review.

Courts would have the power to overrule any law or action (including Congress, the president, and even the states!)

National government power grows (win for the Federalists and liberals)!

John Marshall - Chief Justice of the Supreme Court –served for over thirty years was a Federalist who supported power of national government.

Louisiana Purchase• What

brought it about?

• 1795’s Pinckney’s Treaty with Spain had guaranteed the US the use of New Orleans to protect western states

• Spain lost Louisiana to France and Jefferson was concerned about the use of the port so he sent diplomats to negotiate a treaty with France.

• France (who had lost Haiti to revolution) was in need of money so they offered up all of Louisiana.

The French dictator needed money for his European wars!

Achieving one goal at a cost!The Louisiana PurchaseUS bought the land from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains

o Doubled size of the US, opened land up for more farmers (Jefferson’s goals farmers will be landowners = voters!)

oResults: Caused arguments over slavery, immigration, Indian problems, and transportation inventions, and expanded presidential power.

Lewis and Clark

Chose Lewis and Clark to explore the land:o They went to the

Pacific Ocean with the help of Sacagawea and other Native Americans.

o Mapped the territory and opened land for Americans to settle.

From sea to shining…..

• Set stage for expansion and settlement in those areas and conflict with the Spanish/Mexicans.

• Lewis and Clark and Pike set the precedent for expansion leading to “Manifest Destiny.”

• 1805 to 1807: Zebulon Pike explored the upper Mississippi River, the Arkansas River, and parts of present day New Mexico and Colorado.

What were Jefferson’s goals?

A. To reconcile differences with the Federalists

B. To reduce the size of the government and keep it out of the government

C. To democratize the governmentD. All of the aboveE. None of the above

How did Jefferson attempt to achieve his goals?

A. Keeping the tariff and the National Bank

B. Getting more land so there would be more voters

C. With Marbury v. MadisonD. All of the aboveE. None of the above

What hurt Jefferson’s ability to achieve his goals?

A. The Louisiana Purchase made the country larger making room for more voters

B. Lewis and Clark opened land for settlersC. The case of Marbury v. Madison

increased government power.D. The National Bank went out of business

creating inflation and depression

Why was the Louisiana Purchase important?

A. It doubled the size of the United States

B. It opened land for slaveryC. It increased the power of the

presidentD. All of the aboveE. None of the above

Economy of the early republic

• What was the Early Republic’s economy like?

• New England factories slowly grew• Middle states slowly developed

industry and continued to provide food for the other states.

• Southern plantations produced as much as possible

• People began to move to the west, clear land, and farm (based on the environment of their new homes).

• Trade grew rapidly. Yankee (New England) traders shipped goods all over the world.

What was the Early Republic’s economy like?

Problems in Foreign Policy

• War with the Barbary Pirates in the Mediterranean Sea

• Pirates demanded a bribe and Jefferson refused to pay

• USS Philadelphia was captured.

• US Marines burned it and marched 500 miles to attack Tripoli

• Dispute was settled by treaty in 1805.

Foreign Policy Problems European nations did

not respect American neutrality:oBoth Britain and

France began to seize American trading ships again!

oBritish began impressment of American sailors (force sailors to work on their ships – almost like kidnapping).

The EmbargoJefferson wanted to stay neutral, he convinced Congress to pass the Embargo Act oNobody in America could trade with any foreign countries. oHurt the American economy. Millions of dollars were lost oMade Northerners very upset – leading to more sectionalism!

Congress passed the Non Intercourse Act allowing trade with countries other than France and Britain.

It led to ship seizing and impressment again!

What is the message of the cartoon?

What problems did Jefferson encounter in foreign policy?

A. Britain and France worked together to blockade the U.S.

B. The British invaded from CanadaC. The French sold Louisiana to Jefferson for

15 million dollarsD. Both the British and French seized

American ships.

How did Jefferson handle the problems in foreign policy

A. He issued the Neutrality Proclamation.B. He convinced Congress to pass the

Embargo and Non-intercourse Acts.C. He sent John Jay to negotiate a treaty.D. He offered to trade with the first nation

that would respect U.S. neutrality.

What was the result of the Embargo Act?

A. Sectionalism increasedB. The Federal government power

decreasedC. Millions of dollars were madeD. All of the aboveE. None of the above

Which goal did Jefferson achieve?

A. Reconciled differences with the Federalists and the party fighting ended.

B. Reduced the size of the government and kept it out of the economy.

C. Made the nation more democraticD. All of the aboveE. None of the above

Why was Marbury v. Madison important?

A. It led to the Louisiana PurchaseB. It set the precedent for the supremacy

of the Federal GovernmentC. It set the precedent for judicial review

and increased powerD. It set the precedent for the interstate

commerce power of the Federal Government.

Why is Jefferson viewed by some as a hypocrite?

A. He was a liberal but he decreased the power and influence of the Federal Government.

B. Lewis and Clark set a precedent for Manifest Destiny

C. He stuck to his principles despite the problems that the nation faced.

D. He increased the power of the Federal Government and supported the Embargo

How did the Louisiana Purchase come about?

A. Jefferson wanted to buy New Orleans to protect the economy of the western states.

B. To open land for slavery and support plantations in the Gulf Coast

C. To increase the power of the presidentD. Jefferson wanted to pay France to stop

seizing ships

Madison

• Who was Madison?

• Conservative• Democratic-Republican• Faced many problems:

– Following Jefferson– Native Americans– pressured for war– ship seizing and

impressment– sectionalism

Father of the Constitution,” writer of the Federalist Papers, and Dolly Madison’s husband

Problems with Natives: Different culture meant different

beliefs about land

Many had died because of disease and murder

Slowly being pushed back to the west by the Americans.

Natives had supported the British during the Revolution.

Washington had tried to keep peace but the Louisiana Purchase threatened their lands again.

Tecumseh formed a confedration of natives to save lands

How did the problems grow into an international problem?

• Tecumseh and his brother the Prophet formed a confederation of Native peoples.

• Village at Tippecanoe in the Indian Territory (Indiana).• The British began to supply the confederation with supplies and

encouraged the natives to attack the American settlements in the west.

• The Confederation threatened American power.• The Americans led by Governor William Henry Harrison

attacked the natives at Tippecanoe. The natives were defeated and the Prophet was killed. Tecumseh was not there.

• The British continued to support and encourage the natives

Pressure for War from the War Hawks Young Democratic Republicans

who wanted war against Britain because:

o Anti-British,

o Impressment and ship seizing

o British helped the Natives, wanted

o Take over Canada and Florida

o NATIONALISM!

o Led by Henry Clay

Trade and the war between Britain and France

• Americans wanted to trade with all nations

• Ship seizing and British impressment continued

War of 1812

Madison offered to trade with the first nation that respected American neutrality. France quickly agreed.

America and France became allies and the British started to blockade US ports.

Fighting broke out at sea and Madison asked Congress to declare war.

What was the Indian Confederation?

The group of Indians who formed the Indian Territory

Another name for the War Hawks

Southern Indians who wanted to form an alliance with America

Native Americans led by Tecumseh formed to save their lands

All of the above

Who were the War Hawks?

All of the above

People who called for war after the Embargo Act failed

The group of Americans who wanted to attack at Tippecanoe

Native Americans who wanted to save their lands

Young Democratic Republicans who wanted war with Britain

What problems did the Americans have with Native Americans?

The Louisiana Purchase threatened Native lands

Americans attacked the Indians and killed the prophet at Tippecanoe

British supplied the Natives and encouraged them to attack Americans

Natives formed a confederation to save their lands

All of the above

How did Madison attempt to handle problems with Britain and France?

None of the above

He built frigates to protect US shipping

He sent John Jay to negotiate a treaty

He asked Congress to pass an embargo on all trade

Offered to trade with the first nation to respect US neutrality

War of 1812• What happened

during the War of 1812?

• Neither side was prepared for war.• Jefferson had downsized the

military.• Britain was at war with France.• For the most part the war was a

draw. • The Americans won battles at sea

and on the Great Lakes.• Embarrassing: US failed in their

invasion of Canada.– Canadians with no training dressed as

redcoats and scared the Americans into retreating

Oliver Perry defeated the British at Lake Erie even though he had to jump of a sinking ship and board another to do it.

Important Battles of the War of 1812American Victories British Victories

–Battle of Lake Erie –Battle of Thames (over Natives and Tecumseh was killed)–Battle at Fort McHenry (stopped the British invasion)–The Battle of New Orleans

–The Invasion of Canada was stopped–Bladensburg–Burned Washington DC

The huge American victory at New Orleans (the last battle) made it look like the Americans won the war! Jackson will use this victory to become President.

The burning of Washington DC was an extreme low point for the United States. Many believed America would be under British control

War of 1812

• What happened during the War of 1812?

• Once the British defeated France, they invaded the United States and were able to burn Washington DC including the White House.

• The invasion was stopped at Ft. McHenry in Baltimore (Star Spangled Banner written).

• Last Battle: New Orleans, won by the Americans created the impression that the US won.

• In the end the Treaty of Ghent set things back to the way that they were before the war.

Hartford Convention• How did people in New

England react to the war?

• What was the result of their meeting?

• The war was very unpopular in New England.

• Many were Federalists (pro-British).

• Convention was to protest the War.

• Goal: form a new nation loyal to the British

• The war ended and the Federalists seemed like traitors.

• This destroyed their party!

Results and Importance• Treaty of Ghent ended the War –

returned things to the same as they were before the war.

• National Anthem written at Fort McHenry

• Heroes: Andrew Jackson (New Orleans the people’s hero) and William Henry Harrison (defeated Natives) would become presidents.

• Abolitionist Movement: African Americans helped and got respect in the North. Led more people to be against slavery

Results and Importance• Federalist Party died: Hartford

Convention New England – Battle of New Orleans made them

look like traitors. Nobody could be a Federalist anymore!

• New Political Era: Sectionalism grew no more party fighting (for now). – Power vacuum. “Founding Father”

old and gone. A new type of leader will rise (Andrew Jackson)

• Native American Removal: The Natives would be moved off of their land because they lost.

What happened during the War of 1812?

None of the above

The British dominated the war at sea

The Americans successfully took over lower Canada

The British invaded and took Philadelphia

Washington DC was burned and the Star Spangled Banner was written

Why was the Battle of New Orleans important?

All of the above

The victory put an end to impressment and ship seizing

The US gained control of the port leading to the Louisiana Purchase

The British defeated the Americans and burned Washington DC

The Americans won the last battle and Jackson became a hero

What was a result of the War of 1812?

All of the above

The US continued to have troubles with Britain and France

The North had and South had more in common

Slavery decreased

The Federalist Party was powerless