Presentation StylesPresentation StylesBalancing Function And Balancing Function And

FashionFashion

Ben Carson

Rajesh Golla

Sunil D’souza

IntroductionIntroduction

4 Design Issues4 Design Issues

Error messagesError messages Non anthropomorphic designNon anthropomorphic design Display designDisplay design ColorColor

Error MessagesError Messages

SpecificitySpecificity Constructive guidance & positive Constructive guidance & positive

tonetone User centered phrasingUser centered phrasing Physical formatPhysical format Effective messagesEffective messages

SpecificitySpecificity

POORPOOR

Syntax ErrorSyntax Error

Invalid DataInvalid Data

BETTERBETTER

Unmatched left parenthesisUnmatched left parenthesis

Days range from 1 to 31Days range from 1 to 31

Specific error messages instead of vague Specific error messages instead of vague condemning messagescondemning messages

Constructive guidance and Constructive guidance and positive tonepositive tone

POORPOOR

Disastrous string overflowDisastrous string overflow

BETTERBETTER

Use shorter strings or Use shorter strings or expand expand

string spacestring space

Help users to rectify mistakes rather than condemn themHelp users to rectify mistakes rather than condemn them

User centered phrasingUser centered phrasing

Give user the feeling that he controls the Give user the feeling that he controls the system rather than just responds to system rather than just responds to commandscommands

E.g. POOR BETTERE.g. POOR BETTER

Enter Data Ready For Enter Data Ready For DataData

Physical formatPhysical format

Upper-case only text v/s Mixed-caseUpper-case only text v/s Mixed-case

Placement : near the error v/s same Placement : near the error v/s same positionposition

Sound alerts – can be annoyingSound alerts – can be annoying

Develop better error messagesDevelop better error messages

Better wording - consult technical writersBetter wording - consult technical writers Quality Control - approval of expert committeesQuality Control - approval of expert committees Develop guidelinesDevelop guidelines

a) Positive tonea) Positive tone

b) Specificb) Specific

c) user centricc) user centric

d) neat comprehensible formatd) neat comprehensible format• Carry out usability testsCarry out usability tests• Collect user performance dataCollect user performance data

Non anthropomorphic DesignNon anthropomorphic Design

Failure of anthropomorphic designFailure of anthropomorphic design Ex: bank tellers: Tillie the teller and BOB, postal buddyEx: bank tellers: Tillie the teller and BOB, postal buddy Text only preferred over anthropomorphic designsText only preferred over anthropomorphic designs Anthropomorphic interfaces using first person pronouns Anthropomorphic interfaces using first person pronouns

may be counter productivemay be counter productive

Poor: I will begin the lesson when you press RETURNPoor: I will begin the lesson when you press RETURN

Better: You can begin the lesson by pressing RETURNBetter: You can begin the lesson by pressing RETURN

Better: To begin the lesson, press RETURNBetter: To begin the lesson, press RETURN

Display DesignDisplay Design

Display's key to successful designDisplay's key to successful design Smith and Mosier’s 162 guidelines of Smith and Mosier’s 162 guidelines of

data displaydata display Designers thorough knowledge of Designers thorough knowledge of

users tasksusers tasks Effective designs ( proper sequence, Effective designs ( proper sequence,

grouping, consistency, orderly format, grouping, consistency, orderly format, highlighting, shading, color, font etc)highlighting, shading, color, font etc)

Non anthropomorphic guidelinesNon anthropomorphic guidelines

Avoid presenting computers as peopleAvoid presenting computers as people Choose appropriate humans for introductions or Choose appropriate humans for introductions or

guidesguides Use caution in designing computer generated Use caution in designing computer generated

human faces or cartoon charactershuman faces or cartoon characters Use cartoon characters in gamesUse cartoon characters in games Design comprehensible, predictable, and Design comprehensible, predictable, and

controllable interfacescontrollable interfaces Provide user centered overviewsProvide user centered overviews Do not use “I” when computer responds to human Do not use “I” when computer responds to human

actionsactions Use “you” to guides users, or just state factsUse “you” to guides users, or just state facts

Six categories of principles which show Six categories of principles which show complexity of designers task complexity of designers task

1.1. Elegance and simplicityElegance and simplicity

2.2. Scale, contrast and proportionScale, contrast and proportion

3.3. Organization and visual structureOrganization and visual structure

4.4. Module and programModule and program

5.5. Image and representationImage and representation

6.6. StyleStyle

Field layoutField layout

Explore with a Explore with a variety of layouts.variety of layouts.

Narrative form

Structured form

Empirical results

display complexity metricsdisplay complexity metrics

The four task independent metrics for The four task independent metrics for alphanumeric displaysalphanumeric displays

Overall densityOverall density Local densityLocal density GroupingGrouping Layout complexityLayout complexity

Structured format

Unstructured format

Layout

appropriateness

ColorColor

Use of color for a system is Use of color for a system is subjective.subjective. Some systems require colorSome systems require color Alphanumeric displays can be helped or Alphanumeric displays can be helped or

hurt by the use of colorhurt by the use of color

Guidelines for Using ColorGuidelines for Using Color

Use color conservativelyUse color conservatively Limit the number of colorsLimit the number of colors Recognize that color is a coding Recognize that color is a coding

techniquetechnique Color coding should support the taskColor coding should support the task Color coding appears with minimal inputColor coding appears with minimal input Color coding is under user controlColor coding is under user control Design for monochrome firstDesign for monochrome first Consider needs of color deficient usersConsider needs of color deficient users

More GuidelinesMore Guidelines

Color can help with formattingColor can help with formatting Use a consistent color schemeUse a consistent color scheme Be aware of common expectations Be aware of common expectations

about color codesabout color codes Be aware of problems with color Be aware of problems with color

pairingspairings Use color changes to indicate status Use color changes to indicate status

changeschanges Use color in graphic displays for greater Use color in graphic displays for greater

information densityinformation density

ConclusionConclusion

Hoadley, 1990 study of display Hoadley, 1990 study of display chartscharts ““uncritical addition of color may not be uncritical addition of color may not be

uniformly beneficial”uniformly beneficial” Color can improve some displays and Color can improve some displays and

lead to more efficient use of the lead to more efficient use of the system, but improper use of color system, but improper use of color can mislead and be can mislead and be counterproductivecounterproductive