WELCOME HTTP & Samba Server

by:- Manoj kumarIT Final year

INTRODUCTION OF LINUX1.1 WHAT IS LINUX?

Linux is, in simplest terms, an operating system. It is the software on a computer that enables applications and the computer operator to access the devices

on the computer to perform desired functions. The operating system (OS) relays instructions from an application to, for instance, the computer's processor. The processor

performs the instructed task, and then sends the results back to the application via the operating system.

Explained in these terms, Linux is very similar to other operating systems, such as Windows and OS X.But something sets Linux apart from these operating systems. The

Linux operating system represented a $25 billion ecosystem in 2008. Since its inception in 1991, Linux has grown to become a force in computing, powering everything from the

New York Stock Exchange to mobile phones to supercomputers to consumer devices.As an open operating system, Linux is developed collaboratively, meaning no one

company is solely responsible for its development or ongoing support. Companies participating in the Linux economy share research and development costs with their

partners and competitors. This spreading of development burden amongst individuals and companies has resulted in a large and efficient ecosystem and unheralded software

innovation.Over 1,000 developers, from at least 100 different companies, contribute to every kernel

release. In the past two years alone, over 3,200 developers from 200 companies have contributed to the kernel--which is just one small piece of a Linux distribution.

Operating systems are computer programs. An operating system is the first piece of software that the computer executes when you turn the machine on. The operating

system loads itself into memory and begins managing the resources available on the computer. It then provides those resources to other applications that the user wants to

execute.in short words linux is the best open source & world without windows or from

it’s one of the best competitors.  

Linux has provided us some of the best servers to share every possible transactions. One of them is linux samba server and http server.

We will now discuss both here in detail. 

LINUX SAMBA SERVER Samba is a strong network service for file and print

sharing that works on the majority of operating systems available today. When well implemented by the administrator, it's faster and more secure than the native file sharing services available on Microsoft Windows machines.

Samba is a suite of programs that gives your Linux box the ability to speak SMB (Server Message Block). SMB is the protocol used to implement file sharing and printer services between computers running OS/2, Windows NT, Windows 95 and Windows for Workgroups. The protocol is analogous to a combination of NFS (Network File System), lpd (the standard UNIX printer server) and a distributed authentication framework such as NIS or Kerberos. If you are familiar with Netatalk, Samba does for Windows what Netatalk does for the Macintosh. While running the Samba server programs, your Linux box appears in the “Network Neighborhood” as if it were just another Windows machine. Users of Windows machines can “log into” your Linux server and, depending on the rights they are granted, copy files to and from parts of the UNIX file system, submit print jobs and even send you Win Popup messages. If you use your Linux box in an environment that consists almost completely of Windows NT and Windows 95 machines, Samba is an invaluable tool.

Samba is the protocol by which a lot of PC-related machines share files and printers, and other information, such as lists of available files and printers. Operating systems that support this natively include Windows 95/98/NT, OS/2, and Linux, and add on packages that achieve the similar thing are available for DOS, Windows, VMS, Unix of all kinds, MVS, and more.

Apple Macs and some Web Browsers can speak this protocol as well. Alternatives to SMB include Netware, NFS, AppleTalk, Banyan Vines, and Decnet etc. Many of these have advantages but none are public specifications and widely implemented in desktop machines by default. Samba software includes an SMB server, to provide Windows NT and LAN Manager-style file and print services to SMB clients such as Windows 95, Warp Server, smbfs and others, a BIOS, rfc1001/1002 name server, which amongst other things gives browsing support, an ftp-like SMB client so that you can access PC resources; disks and printers from Unix, Netware and other operating systems, and finally, a tar extension to the client for backing up PCs.

HOW TO CONNECT LINUX TO WINDOWStep 1st. First we check there is samba server package is installed or not. We find package samba* not installed. Then we install samba* package with help of yum server.

Here samba server is installing

Here samba* installation is completed.

Step 2nd. We have to create a DIRECTORY on / which one has to be shared. Then we create a valid user who has been shared the directories.

1.4Directory (/manoz) and valid (AARAV) user has been created.

Step 3rd. Now we get the knowledge of our system’s IP address and who has been made by us is being connecting or not.

1.5Now we got system’s IP address. But there is error in connection. Now we have to troubleshoot this connection error for this valid user.

Step 4th. In the next step we open the samba server configuration file.Command: vim /etc/samba/conf/smb.conf

1.6This is configuration file.

1.7This is also a part of configuration file.

Step 5th. Last page of configuration file we make some changes here.

1.8After saving changes safely we came out from this configuration file.

Step 6th. Now we check the context of directory (/manoz).Command: ls –lZ /manoz

1.9 Context of the directory is default now we make it samba because directory is shared by particular Samba server.

Step 7th. For changing the context of the directory we have to set boolians of the samba server.

1.10Using getsebool command we can turn on the Booleans of samba.

Step 8th. Now we set context of directory as samba.Command: chcon –R –t samba_etc_t /manoz

1.11Context changed of directory successfully.

Step 9th. Now we try to connect the user.Command: smbclient //192.168.0.12/manoz –U AARAV

1.12 Connection is successfully done.

Step 10th. Check the shared directory.Command: ls

1.13Shared directory is there.

HTTP SERVERThe primary function of a web server is to deliver web pages on the request to clients. This means delivery of HTML documents and any additional content that may be included by a document, such as images, style sheets and scripts.A client, commonly a web browser or web crawler, initiates communication by making a request for a specific resource using HTTP and the server responds with the content of that resource or an error message if unable to do so. The resource is typically a real file on the server's secondary memory, but this is not necessarily the case and depends on how the web server is implemented.While the primary function is to serve content, a full implementation of HTTP also includes ways of receiving content from clients. This feature is used for submitting web forms, including uploading of files.Many generic web servers also support server-side scripting, e.g., Apache HTTP Server and PHP. This means that the behavior of the web server can be scripted in separate files, while the actual server software remains unchanged. Usually, this function is used to create HTML documents "on-the-fly" as opposed to returning fixed documents. This is referred to as dynamic and static content respectively. The former is primarily used for retrieving and/or modifying information from databases. The latter is, however, typically much faster and more easily cached.Web servers are not always used for serving the World Wide Web. They can also be found embedded in devices such as printers, routers, webcams and serving only a local network. The web server may then be used as a part of a system for monitoring and/or administrating the device in question. This usually means that no additional software has to be installed on the client computer; since only a web browser is required (which now is included with most operating systems).The HTTP Server API only binds to an IP address and port once a user registers a URL. By default, the HTTP Server API binds to the port in the URL for all of the IP addresses of the machine. A conflict arises if an application that does not use the HTTP Server API has previously bound to that combination of IP address and port. The IP Listen List allows WCF services to

coexist with applications that use a port for some of the IP addresses of the machine. If the IP Listen List contains any entries, the HTTP Server API only binds to those IP addresses that the list specifies. Modifying the IP Listen List requires administrative privileges.8.1 FEATURE: 1. Virtual hosting to serve many Web sites using one IP address. 2. Large file support to be able to serve files whose size is greater than 2 GB on 32 bit OS. 3. Bandwidth throttling to limit the speed of responses in order to not saturate the network and to be able to serve more clients. 4. Server-side scripting to generate dynamic Web pages, still keeping web server.

8.2 WORKING ON HTTP SERVERStep 1st. First we check the http server is installing or not.

2.1Http server installed already so no need to install it.

Step 2nd. Then we open the configuration file of http server.Command: vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

2.2 This is httpd server configuration file.

2.3 This is also Httpd server configuration file.

Step 3rd. Now we have to do some changes in the last page of configuration file.

2.4Changes: We give our system IP address.1. Change the Document Root.2. In server name we give system’s hostname.3. Now save this file and came out.

Step 4th. Now we create a html file using vim command on the path of /var/www/html/index.html.Command: vim //var/www/html/index.html

2.5 Html file created successfully.

Step 5th. Now we restart service httpd.

2.6Service httpd restarted successfully.

Step 6th. Now for running our html file we use elinks command.Command: elinks //:localhost.localdomain

2.7

CONCLUSIONWorking on the project was good experience. I understand the importance of Planning and designing as a part of Linux server. But it’s very difficult to complete the program for single person. I complete this project with satisfactorily.Developing the project has helped us some experience on real-time development Procedures and the Linux system.

Thank you