MOST CONVENIENT DOSAGE FORM

PHARMACEUTICALSYRUP

12203058 Mst. Annita Amin12203061 Ferdous Alam (Papry)12203082 Md.Ahsanul Haque Chowdhury12203089 Sadia Rahman12203103 Md. Mahade Hashan

GROUP MEMBERS

It is a liquid dosage form existing in single phase which is made of concentrated aqueous preparations of 85% sugar or sugar substitute with or without flavoring agents and medicinal substances in a homogenous mixture.

WHAT IS SYRUP

Aromatic Or Medicinal syrups Adjuvant syrup

Extractive drugs Chemical

TYPES OF SYRUP

Syrups contain the following components: Sweetening Agent Antimicrobial Preservatives Viscosity Modifier Flavoring Agent Colorants

OTHERS Solvents Solubilizing Agents, Thickeners or Stabilizers.

COMPONENTS OF SYRUP

Pharmaceutical syrups are produced by mixing purified water, sweeteners, active ingredients (API), aromas, flavors and other ingredients (thickeners) etc.

PREPARATION OF SYRUP

There are four methods. Based on the physical and chemical properties of the ingredients;the method is selected-

Solution with heat Agitation without heat Addition of sucrose to liquid medicament Percolation method

METHODS OF PREPARATION

Formulation

The manufacturing process must achieve the following factors: Dissolving of the sugars to form a syrup Hydration of powdered ingredients Blending ingredients of widely different

viscosity Suspension or dissolving of active ingredients The end product must be smooth, agglomerate-

free and homogeneous.

FACTORS TO BE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION

Using conventional mixers and agitators for this process leads to several potential problems:

Conventional agitators cannot dissolve high concentrations of sugars at ambient temperature.Heating of the mixture will be required to aid solution. This is energy inefficient.The cooling process after this further adds to costs and process time.Crystallization of the syrup can occur during heating/cooling.Active ingredients can be damaged by heat.

problems

solution

These problems can be overcome by using a Silverson High Shear mixer. It has a few advantages. They are:

A Silverson high shear mixer can produce 66% sucrose syrup at ambient temperature.

Consistent product quality and repeatability is obtained.

An agglomerate free mixture is produced

Appropriate for any patient, whatever the age is The most natural and easiest route of

administration Economical and safe to the patient No nursing is required, which means the patient

can take it with no help The liquid dosage form is expected for certain

types of products like cough medicines

ADVANTAGES OF SYRUP

Delayed onset of action because absorption takes time

Not suitable in emergency and for unconscious patients

Not convenient for a patient with a gastrointestinal disorder such as diarrhea, constipation, ulceration, and hyperacidity in stomach

Can’t avoid first pass metabolism

DISADVANTAGES OF SYRUP

Syrup, as a pharmaceutical product requires safe, secure and tamper-proof handling while packaging. Packaging of syrups needs to ensure complete protection from contamination and microbial growth. Our inevitable packaging support assures the safe and secure packaging of syrups so as to ensure their extended shelf life.

The general processes are:

Filling

Sealing

Capping

Coding & labeling

Wrapping

Packaging of Syrup

Flow chart for Oral liquid packaging

Bottle washing Filling Cap sealing Inspection Turn table

Outer labeling Inkjet print Checking Cap printing Labeling

Checking & Stacking

The ideal container should be: Strong enough to protect the contents against

crushing during handling & transport. Convenient to use in order to promote good

patient compliance (i.e. encourage the patient). Easy to open & close. Sufficiently transparent to allow for inspection of

the contents in the case of liquid preparations.

Brand Name Company Active Ingredient Therapeutic Class Use Dose and Dosages

Ambrox Square Pharmaceutical Ltd. Ambroxol Hydrochloride Cough & Cold Remedies Productive cough, Acute and chronic inflammatory disorders of upper and lower respiratory tracts associated with viscid

mucus including acute and chronic bronchitis

2 -5 years old - 2.5 ml, 2-3 times a day, 5 - 10 years old - 5 ml, 2-3 times

a day, 10 years old and adults - 10 ml, 3 times a day.

Brofex Square Pharmaceutical Ltd. Dextromethorphan Cough & Cold Remedies Chronic dry cough/unproductive cough & acute dry cough which is interfering with normal function or sleep.

Adults mg 3-4. Children between 6-12: 5-15 mg up to 4 times per day.

Children between 2 to 6: 2.5-5 mg 4 times per day.

Tusca Square Pharmaceutical Ltd. Guaiphenesin+

Pseudoephedrine +

Triprolidine HCl

Cough & Cold Remedies Symptomatic relief of upper respiratory tract disorders accompanied by productive cough.

Adults: 2 teaspoonful Children: Over 12 years: 2 teaspoonful 3. 6-12

years: 1 teaspoonful. 2-6 years: 1/2 tspn 3 times a day.

DuolaxTM Square Pharmaceutical Ltd. Magnesium Hydroxide & Liquid Paraffin

Laxative Constipation, Hyperacidity with constipation, Anorectal disorder.

Adults and over12 5-30 ml daily, Children over 7 7.5 ml - 15 ml daily,

Children over 3-7 5-10 ml

Unilin®

Opsonin Pharma Ltd. Theophylline sodium glycinate Antiasthmatics Theophylline is used in reversible airflow obstruction associated with chronic asthma.

Adult- 1/2 -1, 6-12 years- 1-11/2 tspn, >12 years- 2-4 every 6 hours after meal.

Purilin® Opsonin Pharma Ltd. Levosalbutamol Sulphate Antiasthmatics Levosalbutamol is indicated for the treatment and prevention of bronchospasm in adults, adolescents.

Children aged 6-11 years:5 ml Adults and Above 12 yrs 10 ml three times

daily.

XINC Eskayef Bangladesh Ltd. Zinc sulfate monohydrate Vitamins & Minerals Oral zinc therapy is indicated in zinc deficiency and/or zinc loosing conditions.

Child under 10 kg: 22.5 mgChild between 10-30 kg:22.5 mg 1-3

times.Adults and child over 30 kg: 45 mg

1-3 times daily.

SOLVITONE Eskayef Bangladesh Ltd Vitamin B-complex Vitamins & Minerals Prevention and treatment of vitamin B-complex deficiency states. It may be used in pregnancy, Lactation and in other

conditions where B-vitamin supplementation is useful.

Adults & Children: 1-2 teaspoonfuls thrice daily.

Infants: 1 teaspoonful daily or as recommended by the physician.

Kofen Opsonin Pharma Ltd. Ketotifen Fumarate Antiasthmatics It is effective in prophylaxis of bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis.

Adult: 1-2 mg two times daily with food. Child: Over 2 years of age, 1

mg two times daily with food.

Pulmolin Opsonin Pharma Ltd. Salbutamol Sulphate Antiasthmatics Acute and chronic bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, bronchospasm, reversible airways obstruction.

Adults: 5 ml 3-4 times daily; maximum single dose 8 ml.

Children: 2-6, 1-2 ml 3-4 times daily.

Some SYRUPS PRESENT IN MARKET

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to our course instructor Ms. Irin Dewan, who

provided us with the opportunity to do this project on “Syrups” which made us do a lot of research and we came to know a lot about many new things, and acquired knowledge which we otherwise might not

have gained. We are really thankful to her".