presentation - mitigating global warming

8/9/2019 Presentation - Mitigating Global Warming

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DISCUSSIONSON PROJECT PROPOSALS

FOR TAMILNADUBy

Dr. G.Kumaravelu. I.F.S/ (Retd.),

Full Time Member, Tamil Nadu State

Planning Commission, Chennai-600 005.

1. ALLEY CROPPING-

(FOOD AND WOOD)

2. BAMBOO FARMING

3. BIOMASS GASSIFIER


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Global Warming Assaultcannot be solved by

Promises and band-aid measures


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The significant problems thatwe faced today, cannot besolved with the same level of

thinking we were at, when wecreated them.


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Our challenge right now is todetermine how a different

land use would have either a

net benefit or a net cost interms of carbon storage

capacity.

-Achim Steiner,Executive Director,

U.N. Environmental Programme


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H

is ExcellencyTh

e Governor ofTamil Nadu addressed the Legislative

Assembly on 06.01.2010


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He said that recognising the factthat the humanity is a mere thread inthe fabric of nature and this threadcannot exist independently. This

Government will implement sch

emesfor protection of the environment andpromotion of clean energy.

For this purpose, an Environment

Protection and Renewable EnergyDevelopment Fund will be establishedby this Government.


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Institutional governance systemsshould influence the ability of public policies, industries andcorporations to adapt andtransform their activities for meeting the issues associatedwith climate change.

(Griffith Haigh and Rassias, 2007)


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Climate Change is a megathing

wh

ile th

e tools of Economics are formicro changes at the margins.

Nevertheless.........


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Programmes have to be ..

Economically Viable

Ecologically emphathetic

Environmentally ameliorating

Aesthetically appealing


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Location specific

Cost effective Adoptable

Acceptable

Pragmatic

Time bound


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Need

Shift from Hydrocarbon Economy to Carbohydrate Economy

(Biochemical from Petrochemical) Tilling not Drilling

Biology not Geology

Depletable resource to renewable resource Subsistence economy to surplus economy


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To uplift the contribution of the

Tamil Nadu Primary sector toEconomy, from to +, the landbased asset sectoral activities

need to be rectified, diversifiedand developments integrated


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We should aim at building up

- an efficient and comfortable life in

Rural Areas.- achieve an agro-industrial structure

- conquer rural unemployment.

- stop rural decay.- arrest the seemingly irresisteble drift of

destitute people from the country-side

into BIG CITIES.


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FAO Projections for INDIA -

2010

Fire wood and char coal.. 344 milliontonnes

Industrial round wood .. 37 millioncu.m.

Sawn timber .. 33 million

cu.m. Paper/Boards .. 5.7 million tonnes

Wood based Panel ..1.3 million tonnes


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Total mismatch between

demandand supply

Forest resources cannot meet thegrowing demand.

Hence Agro-Forestry plantations andimports play major role in bridging thedemand availability gap.


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SCHEME I

tunghu ku eLnth

tunghF Ja jngh

Cogeneration of Wood and Food


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Trees to be planted on the

Bunds of cultivated landsand inside in rows


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Participants

T.N.F.D.

T.W.D.C.

S.S.F.R.D.

School Education Department

ResearchInstitute

Tree growers Association


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MODEL I

Only bundplanting (4 acreplot)

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Model II

Bund + + model

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+

+

+

+

+

+

+++++++++ ++++++++

+

+

+

+

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+++ ++++++++++++


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Only + model (1 acre)


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Model-I : Only Bund/acre : 320 Nos.

Model-II: Bund +, + design : 400 Nos.

Model-III: Only + design : 80 Nos.


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Out of 145 lakh acres

Only 1.25 lakh acres of wood and foodalley cropping with 5 crore trees.


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kaya senegalensis


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TNFD

TamilNadu ForestDepartment

Forest Extension

Centre,Neyveli.

3years old 50 cm girth

400 peracre


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Complementing notconfronting


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Kumiztree 1 year old 40cm gbh

Gmelinaarborea


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Kadambam Maram .

Anthocephalus cadamba 6 year old 105 cm gbh 15 cft

Value 5000 rs pertree


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Casurina junghuniana Kapankupan provenanc


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Mist tent


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Mist tent


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Melia Dubia Bund Planting 5 years old


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Melia Dubia Bund Planting 5 years old


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Bund planting-Teak


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Harvestable Age

1. EUCALYPT

US CLONES 5 YEARS 2. CASUARINA CLONES 5 YEARS 3. TEAK 15 YEARS 4. MALAI VEMBU 6 YEARS 5. BAMBOO 4 YEARS

(every yearharvesting)

6. KUMIL 10 YEARS 7. KADAMBA MARAM 10 YEARS 8. NEEM 10 YEARS 9. PUNGAN 5 YEARS (every year seed harvesting) 10. RED SANDERS 20 YEARS


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SPECIES NO. OFSEEDLINGS

TO BE

RAISED PER

YEAR

(in Lakhs)

HARVESTAGE TOTALINCOME AT

HARVEST

AGE/TREE

(RS.)

AVERAGEINCOME PER

YEAR PER

TREE

EUCALYPTUS

CLONES

345 6 YEARS 1200 200

CASUARINA

CLONES

300 6 YEARS 1000 160

TEAK 10 15 YEARS 10000 660

MALAI

VEMBU

02 6 YEARS 4000 640

BAMBOO 02 4 YEARS 1200 300

KUMIL 100 10 YEARS 8000 800

KADAMBA

MARAM

100 10 YEARS 6000 600

NEEM 20 10 YEARS 2500 200

PUNGAN 10 5 YEARS 1000 200

ECONOMICS


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Advantages

COCONUT: Yields after 6th YearNet profit Rs. 100/Tree in 6th YearOnly expenditure till 6th year 100 litres water/Tree/Day

TREES:One time harvest from 5 to 10 years

Rs.200 to Rs.300/Tree/Year generated.Rs.1200 to Rs.1800/Tree/6th Yearharvest1/10th of water required than that of coconut.


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MagalirThittam(kf l)

Tamil Nadu Corporation forDevelopment of Women

has proposed formation of anInternational Fund for Agriculture

Development and Economic activities

for women.


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Proposedactivities under IFAD

On farm investment in soil reclamationand land levelling.

Development of Agro and Social

Forestry.


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350 blocks 5 crore seedling

1 Block 1 lakh seedling

Seedling raising TNFD

Clones to be procured from TNPL.


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1 SHGM FARMER SCHOOLCHILD.

5000 well performing SHGS to beselected

50,000 SHGM to be trained by TNFD

Research and Extension Centres. Training in Bund Planting models and

planting techniques.


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50,000 Farmers

50,000 SHGMs

50,000 School Children

5 crore seedlings

Simultaneous monsoon planting

50 days activities only for planting


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Benefits

Farmer: Quality seedling at subsidisedprice

Planting cost reimbursed Market tie up.

Ensuring enhanced income and

therefore profit.


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Pitting and Planting cost : Rs.6.00

After the seedlings are planted, afterinspection, the amount can bereleased to the farmer through

Bankers cheque or Demand Draft.


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Maximum of 1000 seedlings perfarmer as per scheme concessionalcost to be supplied.

Over and above,h

e can purch

asemore seedlings, if desired, at full cost(Rs.6.00) and undertake planting at hisown cost.


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Self-Help Group Member

Incentive for involvement

Re.1 to be paid per establishedseedling.

Re.1 per tree per year for

carbon credit(1 tree 20 kg biomass per year)


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School Children

Involvement

Appreciation

Certificates of Merit

Additional Marks


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Technology support

G.P.S.(Geographical Position System)

G.I.S.(Geographical Information System)

Digital Camera


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Head : FOREST Sub-Head :Increasing Tree cover

outside Forest areas. Allotted to :Tamil Nadu Water

Development Agency Programme :Waste Land Development

Programme Fund allotted :Rs.340 crores for 11th Plan

(Rs. 300 crore available)

FUND


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50 crore trees, if thus planted in 5 years, Will support Rs.10,000 crore turnover per

year as wood products. Contribution of Primary sector to economy

ensured and enhanced. Could generate downstream employment to

50 lakh people. Direct income enhancement to 100 lakh

people Totally 1.5 to 2 crore people in the rural area

will be benefited.


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These 50 crore trees could earnRs.500 crore/year as carbon creditapart from their biomass sale profit.


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Immediate Requirements

Revamping of Forest ExtensionCentres

Provision of vehicle, GPS, Digitalcamera for all the recently formed andappointed 31 Forest Extention Officers

one in each

District inT

amil Nadu. Budget for seed collection and clones

production.


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Bamboos Farming/Carbon Farming

Total cultivated Land

in Tamil Nadu : 145 lakh acres

* Block Planting of Bamboo:5 lakh acresproposed


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Vegetative propagation ofbambusa balcooa,

Amaravathy Research Centre


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Planted in 1m3 pit with 2 kgs. Vermicasting, 100 gms. VAM,

20 gms. of phosphobacteria Azosprillum


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Bambusa tulda 2 Years old, 25 culms / clump.

Andiyur Research Centre Rainfed condition


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Bambusa nutans 5 Years old 1 ha. at 6 m. x 6 m. espacement.

Research Centre, Neyveli Rainfed condition Ave. 42 culms / clump


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Carbon content is 40 to 50% in

total Bamboo Biomass


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N.L.C. Carbon emissionPerday 70,000 tonnes of CO2 emittedduring theproduction of 2450MW of

electricitythroughlignite burning


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Affluent Society

become

Effluent Society


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Wasteland Development Programme

About 9.5 lakh acres available under 3

categories of land covered under th

escheme.

(Source: Working Group report on soil andwater conservation)


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1. Total extent distributed by the

Revenue Department : 2,11,259 acres2. Allotted to Agri-Eng. Dept. : 1,46,102 acres

3. Extent of land reclaimed :52,689 acres

Therefore, 52,888 acres available for reclamationas on date.

We are aiming for 10,000 Acres only to be planted

during 2010-2011.


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Reclaimed lands where land

development,

pitting, planting and irrigation facilities

have been provided could be used for

planting bamboos.

NADP can be made use of.


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Protective irrigated farm land Tamil Nadu

Maximum income

generated per acre:

Rs.10,000/acre/year Minimum income

generated per acre : Rs.3,000/acre/year.

Average incomegenerated per acre : Rs.7,000/acre/year


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BAMBOO Income from 4th year onwards Thornless Bamboos can yield 10 to 20Tonne/acre/year.

@Rs.3000/Tonne, annual income ofRs.30,000 could be assured.

TNPL Buy back: From 1 lakh acres ofBamboo plantation, 10 to 20 lakh tonneBamboo could be harvested every year.


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Production ofVermicasting


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Production of Bio-fertilizers


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VERMICASTING PRODUCTION

10 TO 20 TONNES/ACRE/YEAR UNDER BAMBOO

CANOPY

Cost of production: Rs.2000/tonne

Selling price: Rs.4000/tonne

Profit:

Rs.2000/tonne For 10 tonnes profit : Rs.20,000/year

One acre of Bamboo : Rs.20000/yearplantation profit


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50 lakh tonnes of vermicasting

can be applied to 50 lakh

acresof Agricultural lands. 1 tonne peracre after mixing with Bio-

fertilizer. Dry land crops canyield 20% more.

Activated charcoal from bamboo

can be used in admixture withbio-nutrient and bio-fertilisersenabling 30% addl. higher yield.


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Mushroom


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Mushroom cultivation under Bamboo

plantation (anticipated)

1 tonne per acre@ Rs.30 per kg for

1 tonne : Rs.30,000/acre


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Carbon Credit

@10 US $ per tonne of CO2 sequestered, 20

tonnes/acre 200 US $ could be sourced as Carbon

Credit (approximately Rs.10,000/-)


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Market for Bamboo

WORLD

10 BILLION us $ AS ON 2008 50% BYCHINA

Expected to be 20 billion by 2015 (double)

INDIA

Rs.6505 crores in 2006

Expected growth: Rs.26,000 crore by 2015

(National bamboo mission)


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Bamboo Fabric

Most comfortable to wear than cotton orpolyester

Antibacterial, antifungal

Absorbs twice the amount of moisturethan cotton

Will not hold odour

Fast drying

Twice the price of cotton.

International Market for innerwear


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Proposal

Under NADP scheme, if clusters with a

minimum of 10 acres with 1 Bore well is

allowed (at present a minimum of 50 acre

per cluster with 3 Borewells) 5 lakh acres

could be brought under Bamboo cultivation

very early.


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Bamboo Propagules Flowers once in 30 to 40 years Hence only vegetative propalgation

possible

T.N.F.D. has established experimental anddemonstration plots of selected varieties.

Plots could be harvested immediately.

Soil working fertilizer application Rooting of cuttings from the felled and new

culms that merge


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Plots could be harvested immediately.

Soil working fertilizer application Rooting of cuttings from the felled and new

culms that merge.

Cost of production of rooted cuttings :Rs.10/-

(Rs.20 to 30 in open market)

Restricted source:

For 20 lakhs : Rs.2 crore 2010 : Rs.30 lakhs

2011 : Rs.170 lakhs


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Thorn less Bamboo

T.N.Forest.Department. : 3600 clumps

@ 30 culms / clump

@ 50 cutting/culms Total cutting for rooting : 50 lakhs

@ 50% success : 25 lakh plants could be

produced.


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Model - II

1 SHG = 1 Acre Bamboo plantation

1 SHG = 1 Cow

1 Cow = 10-11 Kg dung/day@ 1 (cow dung) 8(soil+litter) ratio365 days 4 tonnes of cow dung +

20 tonnes of soil litter20 tonnes Vermicasting/acre/year.


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Immediate Requirement

Identification of lands 10,000 acres Selection of SHGs 10,000 Nos.

(1 acre per SHG)

Thornless bamboo propagule productionby TNFD 15 lakhs.

By TNPL 10 lakhs.

Cuttings can be airlifted from Assam,Tripura and propagules could be producedby TNPL under theirhigh-tech mistchamber conditions.


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Total revenue forSHG peryear

Bamboo sale : Rs.30,000

Vermicasting : Rs.20,000

Mushroom : Rs.20,000 Total : Rs.70,000/approx.


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Application of charcoal of Broad level

Trees to agricultural crops reducedthe use of chemical fertilisers by 1/20th

increased disease resistence to plants.


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Water content of charcoal layer in the

soil was remarkably higher at 40%even in mid summer compareed with5% in the outside charcoal zone soilmass.(Japan Biochar Association-JBA)


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Growing Trees and burying charcoalis the apt method of carbon

sequestration. CARBON FARMING

to mitigate

GLOBAL WARMING


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In Japan, at least 100 thousand tonnesof Biochar is applied to agricultural

lands annually. They contain 80%carbon and so 250 thousand tonnes ofCO2 are shut in the soil and lockedwithout leakage.

-CARBON FARMING.


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Clean Energy

MELIA DUBIA

BASED

BIOMASSGASSIFIER

(electricity production)

G


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Why Green Energy?

N.L.C. Carbon emissionPerday 70,000 tonnes of CO2 emittedduring theproduction of 2460MW of

electricitythroughlignite burning. 250 lakh tonnes peryear.Totalcoal

based power generation in TamilNadu 5430 MW. Around 500 lakh

tonnes CO2 emitted into atmos here er ear in Tamil

h


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Whyenergy?

India Electricity demand and supply gap is

more than 20%

10 out of 28 States on deficit.


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For commercial and industrial poweruse alone, so far, Rs.1 lakh crore have

been spent on buying Invertors inINDIA.

Th

is amount could be utilized togenerate 20,000 to 30,000 MW power.

El t i it P d ti


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Melia dubia Biomass Gassifier

Electricity Production

1 MW production : 24 tonnes/day

For365 days : 8760 tonnes/years@ 50 tonnes peracre/year : 175 acres to be

planted


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HIGH YIELDING CLONES

Only recently, very high yielding varieties of

Melia dubia, capable of yielding 50tonnes/acre/yearhave been evolved.

- TNFD Research and Extension wing.


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By manipulating the environment andmaintaining quality planting stock of clonesof these species, it is possible to scale upthe yield to 100 tonnes/acre/year, which canbe world record.

- TNPL can enhance the clonal productionthrough their high tech mini cutting macropropagation centres. 90% rooting withoutharmone have been achieved recently byTNPL in Melia dubia.


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Highyielding trees


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Date of Planting: Febraury 2008 20 Months old


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50 kg pertree/50

tonnes/acre/year


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1 Year Old 55kg weight - 43cm gbh


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PPP Model (1 MW)


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PPP Model (1 MW)

1 Farmer : 2 Acres Melia

200 Farmers : Rs.2 lakh each

Total : Rs.4 crore TNPL, TNEB : Rs.1 crore

GOI-DNE subsidy : 1.5 crore

ECONOMICALLY VIABLE


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ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

1 MW Machinery and

erection cost :Rs.6 crore

Cost of production of electricity

@ Rs.2000 per tonne of wood :Rs.2/per unit

Selling rate of electricity :Rs.4.50/unit Profit/unit :Rs.2.50

For 24,000 units/day : Rs.60,000/day

Activated charcoal : Rs.20,000/day

(2 tonnes/day)

Total :Rs.80,000/day

Breakeven in 3rd year

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL


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ACTIVATED CHARCOAL

15% of 9000 tonnes of wood

24 tonnes per day wood

3 tonnes per [email protected] per tonne Income : 15,000/day or Rs.5 crore/year


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5000 Melia based Biomass gassifiercould be established in Tamil Nadu to

produce 5000 MW electricity.

About 10 lakh acres are required out

of 145 lakh acres of total cultivablelands.


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The success of this Green energy

programme can pave way for establishing even upto 10,000 MWpower production in Tamil Nadu usingalongwith Melia, other fast growing

species like bamboo, Gmelina,Acrocarpus, Anthocephalus etc.

These are winning horses.

For this to happen, the land requiredwill be 20 to 25 lakh acres of the 145lakh cultivable lands available in TamilNadu.


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Environmentallyameliorating

Total CO2 emitted by

coal/lignite based

Power plants in T.N.: 500 lakh tons/yr. 10 lakh acres of melia

can sequester : 500 lakh tons/yr.

(for production of 5000MW electricity)Biomass gassifier is carbon neutral.


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ECONOMICALLY VIABLE

PROFIT FOR FARMER

Sale of 50 MT/acreat Rs.2000/tonne : Rs.1,00,000/year

Profit from the partnershipin the gassifier unit : Rs.70,000/year for

each partner

(Projected dividend : 35% Assured dividend : 20%

Income in the farmer's hands from sale of biomass

No. of acres belonging to each participating farmer acre/farmer 15


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Area under annual crops acre/farmer 10

Area under Milia Dubia energy plantation acre/farmer 5Yield of agro residues/farmer @ 8 MT/acre x 10 acre MT/farmer 80

Yield of Biomass from energy plantation @ 50 MT/acre x 5 acres MT/farmer 250

Total biomass from each farmer MT/farmer/y 330

Selling price of agro residues Rs./MT 500.00

Selling price of woody biomass Rs./MT 1500.00

Income per farmer from sale of agro residues Rs./y 40,000.00

Income per farmer from sale of Milia Dubia Rs./y 375,000.00

Total income per farmer from sale of biomass Rs./y 415,000.00

Annual quantity of biomass required for a 5 MW Power Plant @82% Plant Load Factor

MT/year 71,800

Number of farmers No. 220

Average income from biomass sale for 10 years @ 5% annualincrease in price

7,087,800.00

Income in the farmer's hands from investment in the power plant

Power Plant project cost Rs Crores 34 50


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Power Plant project cost Rs. Crores 34.50

Total Equity Capital @ 30 Rs. Crores 10.35

Equity Contribution from each farmer @ Rs. 1 Lakh/farmer Rs. Crores 2.20

Equity Contribution from private investor Rs. Crores 8.15

Net profit for the first year Rs. Crores 9.16

Farmer's profit share Rs. Crores 1.95

I

ncome per farmer from profit sh

are Rs/annum 88,500.00

Simple Return on investment % 88.50%

Income per farmer over the next 10 years Rs/annum 11,04,900

Issues to be decided


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1. Forest Department :

Raising seedlings 5 or 10 crores.Numbers to be decided. One per Block.350 Blocks? Involving Forest Extension centers-in training,monitoring, and

advising in maintenance. Helping in market tie up with industries.

Coordinating between society to social Forestry,SHGS. Involving State Forest Research wing,IFGTB,TNAU in

evaluating the biomass/carbon sequestration status. Arranging for carbon credit access Seed collection from plus trees and quality seedling

production Bamboo propagule production.Numbers have to be around 15

lakhs.

2 Agriculture Department


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2.Agriculture Department Identification of 10,000 Acres to 15,000 acres of

land and farmers for bamboo cultivation. Linking NAD Programme to this project.

Support of Bamboo mission

Modifying NADP norms - one Bore well for 10

Acres. Irrigation and power facilities

Mushroom cultivation under Bambooplantation(TNAU)

Vermicasting Production under bamboo(TNFD,TNAU)


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3.Tamilnadu Women Development

Corporation Participation in Wood and Food Programme.

Participation in Bamboo Cultivation.

Selecting of Well Performing SHGS for these two

programmes. Training withTNFD Extension in low Cost seedling

production technique.


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4.TNPL Production of clonal plants of sissoo,malaivembu,kumil,Euc

and casuarina - Micro and Macro propagation.

Production of maximum number ofThorn less bamboopropagule upto 10 to 15 lakhs.

Buying Melia dubia Bamboo for paper pulp Buy back

Lead participation in establishing I MW Biomass gassifier or5 MW Biomass gassifier turbine power plant as PPP.

Partnership withTNEB?

TNPPL or can there be an exclusive Tamilnadu green Powercompany(TNGPL).


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5.Tree Growers Association

31 in existence,one per district. Involving them in nursery raising

Involving in various stages of implementations ofthe programmes in each district.

Tie up with society for social forestry anddevelopment.

Involving in PPP for green power generation.

6 Tamilnadu Government


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6.Tamilnadu Government

Rs.300 Crores earmarked underFORESTRY HEAD for Increasing Treecover outside Forest Areas in the 11th FiveYear Plan,which remains unutilized,may be

transferred to newly proposedEnvironmental Development Fund bythe Government, to fund these proposedprojects.


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