Global Warming

PDCC LA UNION OPERATION CENTER Mabanag Hall San Fernando City 2009Telefax 8887482

The true cause of global warming is our thoughtless

attitude to Nature

Global warming" refers to rising global temperatures, also it is a planet wide. while “climate change” includes other more specific kinds of changes, too. Warmer global temperatures in the atmosphere and oceans leads to climate changes affecting rainfall patterns, storms and droughts, growing seasons, humidity, and sea level.

climate change” refer to changes at the global, continental, regional and local levels. Even though a warming trend is global, different areas around the world will experience different specific changes in their climates, which will have unique impacts on their local plants, animals and people. A few areas might even get cooler rather than warmer.

An analysis of 30 years weather balloon data have shown that the the air over Antarctica is warming even faster than in other parts of the air over Antarctica is warming even faster than in other parts of the worldworld. The weather balloon data show a warming of 0.9 degree to 1.3 degree Fahrenheit per decade over the last 30 years

By contrast, the average By contrast, the average worldwide temperature has worldwide temperature has risen 0.2 degree per decade in risen 0.2 degree per decade in that time.that time.

What is weather balloonweather balloon used in the measurement and evaluation of mostly upper atmospheric conditions Information may be gathered during the vertical ascent of the balloon through the atmosphere or during its motions once it has reached a predetermined maximum altitude. Today, atmospheric information is most often gathered by height-finding radar, remote sensing by earth-orbiting or stationary satellites, and aircraft instruments, with weather balloons augmenting the data. Helium, which is less dense than air buoyancy, is usually used to inflate weather balloons. A pilot balloon is a small balloon (diameter c.1 m/39 in.) whose ascent is followed visually to obtain data for the computation of the speed and direction of winds at different altitudes. A smaller ceiling balloon is used to determine the altitude of cloud bases. A much larger, teardrop-shaped

What is greenhouse gases?What is greenhouse gases?

What Effect Do Greenhouse Gases Have on Climate Change?What Effect Do Greenhouse Gases Have on Climate Change?

Six main greenhouse gases

Sources of Greenhouse Gasses

CARBON DIOXIDECARBON DIOXIDE METHANEMETHANE

NITROUS OXIDE

- Bacterial Breakdown of Nitrogen in Soils and Ocean

NITROUS OXIDE

- Bacterial Breakdown of Nitrogen in Soils and Ocean

Carbon Dioxide from Power Plants

Carbon Dioxide Emitted from Cars

Carbon Dioxide from Airplanes

Carbon Dioxide from Buildings

Hydrofluorocarbons Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)(HFCs)

Perfluorocarbons Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)(PFCs)

Sulfur hexafluoride Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)(SF6)

Hydrofluorocarbons Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)(HFCs)

Perfluorocarbons Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)(PFCs)

Sulfur hexafluoride Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)(SF6)

Methane - Decomposition of Garbage and Agricultural Waste Materials, Leaks in Coal Mining and Natural Gas Production

Accounts for 20% of additional greenhouse effects

Nitrous Oxide:

• Bacterial Breakdown of Nitrogen in Soils and Oceans • Use of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Pesticides in Agriculture• Biomass Burning • Combustion Process Vehicles• Acid Production

Reduced ability of Ecosystem to Absorb Greenhouse Gases

Deforestation is a contributor to global climate change and is often cited as one of the major causes of the enhanced greenhouse effect .Tropical deforestation is responsible for approximately 20% of world greenhouse gas emissions. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change deforestation, mainly in tropical areas, account for up to one-third of total anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, Trees and other plants remove carbon (in the form of carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere during the process of photosynthesis and release it back into the atmosphere during normal respiration. Only when actively growing can a tree or forest remove carbon over an annual or longer timeframe. Both the decay and burning of wood releases much of this stored carbon back to the atmosphere. In order for forests to take up carbon, the wood must be harvested and turned into long-lived products and trees must be re-planted. Deforestation may cause carbon stores held in soil to be released. Forests are stores of carbon and can be either sinks or sources depending upon environmental circumstances. Mature forests alternate between being net sinks and net sources of carbon dioxide (see carbon dioxide sink and carbon cycle

ACCELERATE MELTING OF GLACIERS Increase of Sea LevelIncrease of Sea Level

Flooding of Low Lying Areas and Small Islands

Impacts of climate change

CALAMITIES AND DISASTERS

VARIABILITY IN TEMPERATURE > EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS

INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE (IPCC) ESTABLISHED BY UNITED NATIONS IN 1988:

-- PROVIDE SCIENTIFIC PROOF OF CLIMATE CHANGE

-- ASSESS ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

-- FORMULATE RESPONSE STRATEGIES

1990 – IPCC SCIENTIFCALLY CONFIRMED EXISTENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGE

•UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE (UNFCCC) SIGNED BY 154 HEADS OF STATES/REPRESENTATIVES IN RIO DE JANEIRO IN 1992:

•ENTERED INTO FORCE IN MARCH 1994

•AGREEMENT TO STABILIZE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

•DEVELOPED COUNTRIES COMMITTED TO REDUCE THEIR GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS TO 1990 LEVEL BY YEAR 2000.

•MANDATED ALL MEMBERS TO HAVE INVENTORY OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND DEVELOP STRATEGIES/PROGRAMS TO ADAPT TO AND MITIGATE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

KYOTO PROTOCOL ADOPTED BY 10,000 DELEGATES IN KYOTO, JAPAN

-- ENTERED INTO FORCE In FEBRUARY 2004 PRESENTLY, 169 COUNTRIES HAVE RATIFIED THE PROTOCOL

-- PROVIDE FOR CLEARER AND BIGGER TARGET OF 5% REDUCTION IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS BY DEVELOPED COUNTRIES BY 2012

-- NO REDUCTION REQUIREMENT FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Pie ChartPie Chart

The Kyoto Protocol calls for mandatory carbon dioxide reductions of 30% from developed countries like the U.S. Reducing man-made CO2 emissions this much would have an undetectable effect on climate while having a devastating effect on the U.S. economy.

Such drastic measures, even if imposed equally on all countries around the world, would reduce total human greenhouse contributions from CO2 by about 0.035%.

This is much less than the natural variability of Earth's climate system!

While the greenhouse reductions would exact a high human price, in terms of sacrifices to our standard of living, they would yield statistically negligible results in terms of measurable impacts to climate change. There is no expectation that any statistically significant global warming reductions would come from the Kyoto Protocol. 

Addressing climate change through the implementation of all possible measures

The first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol began in 2008 and the Fujifilm Group, with operations worldwide, is proactively addressing the issues of climate change. We are promoting activities to prevent global warming from a medium- to long-term perspective based on national and international laws and regulations as well as related industry regulations. We were among the first to make capital investments and pursue alternative energies. Focused on domestic facilities where emissions are concentrated, we have achieved significant CO2 reductions. Looking ahead, we will continue to reduce CO2 emissions, setting clear targets and ultimately cut energy intensity by 30% from levels in fiscal 1990 and lower CO2 emissions intensity by 40% in fiscal 2012 for our six major domestic chemical factories(*1). In particular, we will draw upon our experience in implementing a variety of measures to help prevent global warming in light of the rise in CO2 emissions as a result of increased production volumes in new businesses, including flat panel display materials, as well as overseas business development and expansion .

• SHIFT IN ENERGY MIX FROM FOSSIL FUELS (OIL AND COAL) TO RENEWABLE SOURCES (WATER, WIND, NATURAL GAS, GEOTHERMAL)

• PRESENT MIX: FOSSIL FUELS- 58.4% AND RENEWABLE SOURCES- 41.6%

• TARGET: FOSSIL FUELS – 49.2% AND RENEWABLE SOURCES- 50.8% BY 2014.

Reforested 85,235 Hectares in 2006

Planted 845,656 Seedlings during one-day Launching of Green Philippines Highways

More Ambitious Target starting 2007

->Generate 20 Million Seedlings

-> Implement Green Philippines Program

• We need to reduce air pollution and we need to• reduce greenhouse gas emissions. To do both,• we must substantially reduce the consumption of• fossil fuels through energy efficiency and• encouraging the use of clean, renewable energy.• This includes:

· More public transit· Energy efficiency standards for vehicles,

• buildings and appliances

• MINIMIZE/DISPENSE WITH ACTIVITIES THAT USE GREENHOUSE GASES (E.G., CONSERVE USE OF ELECTRICITY)

• MORE EFFICIENT PRODUCTION PROCESS FOR BUSINESS USING FUELS. GOOD FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND GOOD FOR PROFITS.

• DEVELOP CDM PROJECTS FOR CARBON TRADING

• LIMIT USE OF CAR AND ENSURE GOOD RUNNING CONDITION.

• JOIN THE GREEN PHILIPPINES PROGRAM.

• USE ALTERNATIVE FUELS(BIODIESEL,BIOMASS,ETC.)

Beat the heat!

Thunderstorm Flash floods

Hurricanes

Heat waves Winter storms

Tornadoes

extreme weatherCalamities and Disaster

The Philippines has not been spared of the weather-related disturbances and disasters. The past typhoons have been unusually heavy and have brought devastation to our country and our people.

Storm Surgeis an offshore rise of water associated with a low pressure weather system, typically a tropical cyclone. Storm surge is caused primarily by high winds pushing on the ocean 's surface. The wind causes the water to pile up higher than the ordinary sea level.

Sitio Berlin Barangay Alaska, Aringay La Union. January 11, 2009Sitio Berlin Barangay Alaska, Aringay La Union. January 11, 2009

In Quezon alone, 114 died in Real, 100 in In Quezon alone, 114 died in Real, 100 in Infanta, and 92 in General Nakar. Infanta, and 92 in General Nakar.

In 2004, the death toll stood at 412, with 177 In 2004, the death toll stood at 412, with 177 people missing, after typhoon Winnie people missing, after typhoon Winnie triggered landslides and flash floods.triggered landslides and flash floods.

Tsunamilarge ocean wave: a large destructive ocean wave caused by an underwater earthquake or another movement of the Earth'…

It is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather, which may be accompanied by high humidity

Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air.

Tornadoes

Tornado damage in Springfield, Illinois

column of swirling wind: an extremely destructive funnel-shaped rotating column of air that passes in a narrow path o

Hurricane• is an intense, rotating oceanic weather system that possesses

maximum sustained winds exceeding 119 km/hr (74 mph). It forms and intensifies over tropical oceanic regions.

• are generally smaller than storms in mid-latitudes, typically about 500 km (311 miles) in diameter. At the ocean’s surface, the air spirals inward in a counterclockwise direction. This cyclonic circulation becomes weaker with height, eventually turning into clockwise (anticyclonic) outflow near the top of the storm.

lightning storm is a form of weather characterized by the presence of lightning and thunder. It is usually accompanied by heavy rain, sometimes snow or hail.

Thunderstorm

End of slide show