Cassava – The Root to Prosperity

Thiruvengadam Sridhar – Export Trading Group

Enhancing Cassava Production, Post Harvest Supply Chain and Processing in Mozambique

Cassava World Africa– Accra- Ghana – March 2016

Export Trading Group• Home sown, Home grown group in Africa• Number one Group in Maize, Pulses and Fertilizers in

Africa• Operations in 42 countries across the Globe• 30 years of experience in Africa• Moved 3 million tons of cargo moved in the year 2014-15• Group turnover valued at USD 3 billion in the year 2014-15• Warehouses – over 300 with storage capacity over 1.8

million tons• Number of employees – over 7,000• Number of commodities handled - 25

Cassava Characteristics• Cassava is a tuber known by many names yuca, manioc, mandioca, casabe,

and tapioca• Cassava root is essentially a carbohydrate source. Its composition shows:

– 60-65 % moisture; 20-31 % carbohydrate– 1-2 % crude protein, a comparatively low content of vitamins and minerals– the roots are rich in calcium and vitamin C, thiamine, riboflavin and nicotinic acid

• Next to sugar cane and sugar beet, the cassava plant gives the highest yield of carbohydrates per cultivated area among crop plants

• Cassava plays an important role in developing countries particularly in sub Saharan Africa as a major source of carbohydrate

• Cassava also offers flexibility to resource-poor farmers because it serves as both subsistence and a cash crop

• Cassava is flexible with respect to rainfall, soil conditions, seasons for planting and harvest

• Roots can remain under soil for two to three years but once harvested perishes in 48 to 72 hours

Cassava Global - Countries

105 Countries

Latin America Africa Asia

50% 30%20%

Cassava Global – Area Under Production

Latin America Africa Asia

12MHa 3.5MHa3MHa

Cassava Global Productivity and Poverty

10 15 25

Axi

s Ti

tle

Latin America AsiaYield /Ha tons

Africa

Cassava Productivity and Poverty

10 15 20 25 30 35 40

437.5

906.25

1375

1843.75

2312.5

2781.25

3250

Profit/ha

Yield per hectare tons

Profi

t in

USD

Cassava MozambiqueDeails Y2006 Y2007 Y2008 Y2009 Y2010 Y2011 Y2012Cultivated Area ha 857,700 993,800 953,600 1,254,000 1,254,294 1,293,568 762,598 Production tons 5,481,340 4,959,260 4,054,590 5,670,000 9,738,066 10,093,619 10,051,364 Yield tons / Ha 6.39 4.99 4.25 4.52 7.76 7.80 13.18

Present Cassava Value Chain in South Mozambique

Details Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 3 Channel 4

Subsistence farming Fresh Root Sales Dried Cassava SalesExperimental Industrial

Processing

Consumption

Retailing

Processing

Storage / Warehousing

Aggregation

On farm Processing

Cultivation

Non Commercial

cassava growing

households Number 300,000

Production Volume

300,000 tons

Fresh Roots Vol 7,000 tons

Retailers

Aggregators

7,000 tons Fresh roots

Commercial cassava farmers number 40,000

Volume 20,000tons fresh

13,000 tons dry

Rale 5,000 tons

small depots 3

Aggregators

Not developed

Retailers

Present Cassava Value Chain in North Mozambique

Details Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 3 Channel 4Subsistence farming Fresh Root Sales Dried Cassava Sales Experimental Industrial Processing

Consumption

Retailing

Processing

Storage / Warehousing

Aggregation

On farm Processing

Cultivation

Non Commercial

cassava growing

households Number 1.3

million

Production Volume

3 million tons

Fresh Roots Vol 5,000 tons

Retailers

Aggregators

5,000 tons Fresh roots

Commercial cassava farmers number 300,000

Volume 405,000 tons

140,000 tons dry

Cassava flour and dried chips 140,000 tons

Mills number 30

Large depots 30, small depots 150

Aggregators number 1,000

Service mills number 150

Cassava Cake number 1

Pilotplantnumber 1

Brewery number 1

Bread Ethanol

Beer

RetailersBakeries

Enhance, Engineer and Encourage• Introduce high yielding

varieties• Inputs and crop

maintenance• Increase yield per hectare

Enhance Cassava

Production

• Captive cultivation• Out-grower schemes• Partial mechanization and

smooth logistics & transport

Engineer Supply Chain

• Develop products for local market

• Design packing and branding

• Develop value added products such as modified starch

Encourage Local Market, Export Value

Added Product

Critical Factors in Cassava Processing• Highly perishable, to be processed within 48 hours of

harvest• Processing generates bio degradable waste and by-

products which if not processed would impact environment

• Requires huge amounts of water for processing• Generates more than input water as waste water (1.1

litre /kg)• Mobile processing units may not efficiently overcome

waste management, sourcing water and disposing waste water

• Efficient procurement, transportation and management of logistics is the key to success

• Knowledge of the local terrain and backward integration with the growers is essential

Plant Capacity and Scale of Economy

0 2 4 6 8 10 120%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Capacity per hour Vs Investment Cost

Production Capacity Tons per Hour

Inve

stm

ent

Cos

t

Cassava Processing Mass Balance for 50,000 tons pa Root washing

Root Milling

Starch Extraction

Starch Refining

Starch Dewatering

Starch Drying

Starch Cooling

Starch Packing

Cassava 640 tons / day Sand, s0il, heading loss 64 tons/day

Fruit water 656 m3 per day

Water 496 m3 per day

Cassava pulp 192 tons per

day

Pulp Dewatering

Cassava Starch 160 tons per day

Key Factors in the Project – Raw Material• Have acquired 5,000 hectares land for captive production to

supply 100,000 tons per annum• Plans are on for irrigation pond in the farm to ensure water supply• Plans are on to organize out-growers and smallholder farmers for

balance quantity of 100,000 tons• No plans for complete mechanization, basic mechanization

combined with smallholder farmers• Planning to streamline planting and harvest of cassava in a cyclic

way for continuous supply of cassava roots particularly during dry season

• Have planned investments in local logistics, storage and transportation

Key Factors in the Project – Byproducts• Fruit water would to be used for biogas and energy

production• Plans are on to harvest leaves, process and pack for

local market (Local delicacy called Makopa or Matapa)• Need to do research on packaging with multilayer films

to ensure shelf life and ease of distribution• Excess leaf if any above the demand to be processed as

powder for export as animal feed• In all the processes environmental impact assessment

shall be a key component

Key Factors in the Project - Operation• Own trucking fleet for transportation of roots from

own fields and out-grower fields• Ensure our own water supply and to best possible

extent power generated from biogas produced from fruit water

• High importance to manpower training in all the gamut of operations

• Coordination with nodal agencies such as IIAM to introduce high yielding, pest / virus resistant verities and continuously monitor for virus and other plant infestations

Key Factors – Finished Products and Markets• Priority shall be serve local market and local food

needs such as Eba, Gari, Ugali and flour for food needs. ETG would strive to create a local, regional and pan African market for cassava derivative food

• Processed leaf to be packed in such way to preserve wet paste of cassava leaves

• Processed dried cassava leaf powder for export• High quality cassava starch for exports• Modified starch for specific industrial needs (high

value and low volume)

Thank You