presentation corfu (uncertain gramians)
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The northernmost University of Technology in ScandinaviaTop-class Research and Education
Uncertainty Bounds for Gramian-Based Interaction
Measures
Björn Halvarsson Uppsala UniversityMiguel Castaño Arranz Luleå University of TechnologyWolfgang Birk Luleå University of Technology
L U L E Å U N I V E R S I T Y O F T E C H N O L O G Y
A procedure for control design of complex processes
Miguel Castaño | CSCC 2010 | 2010-07-24 | Slide 2
Model structure
Model structure
ModelModel
Control structure
Control structure
Subset of sensors and
actuatos
Subset of sensors and
actuatos
Performance specification
Performance specification
Controller Parameters
Controller Parameters
Implemented Controller
Implemented Controller
L U L E Å U N I V E R S I T Y O F T E C H N O L O G Y
A complex process: Making paper
• From virginand recycled fibers
• Energy intensive process
• More than 3000 control loops
• Many storage vesselsand return flows
• Long process chain
Miguel Castaño | CSCC 2010 | 2010-07-24 | Slide 3
L U L E Å U N I V E R S I T Y O F T E C H N O L O G Y
Control Structure Selection & Interaction Measures.
e u
-
y+r
Gramian-based Interaction Measures quantify the importance of the input-output channels
Decentralized Controller PlantSparse Controller
Miguel Castaño | CSCC 2010 | 2010-07-24 | Slide 4
L U L E Å U N I V E R S I T Y O F T E C H N O L O G Y
Quantification of system dynamics with gramians.
• P and Q are the controllability and observabillity Gramians.
• The eigenvalues of the product PQ quantifies the connection of the input and output spaces through the state space.
• The Hankel matrix maps the past process inputs into the future process outputs.
• The non-zero Hankel Singulat Values (HSV:s) are equal to the positive square root of the eigenvalues of PQ.• Conclusion: The eigenvalues of PQ and/or the HSV:s can be used to quantify process dynamics
Miguel Castaño | CSCC 2010 | 2010-07-24 | Slide 5
L U L E Å U N I V E R S I T Y O F T E C H N O L O G Y
Quantification of system dynamics with gramians.
Hankel Norm ( ||G||H )
We consider two different factors to quantify process dynamics
Sum of the eigenvalues of PQ ( tr(PQ) )
Both factors have important implications in time domain .tr(PQ) has an interesting relationship with the frequency domain.
Miguel Castaño | CSCC 2010 | 2010-07-24 | Slide 6
L U L E Å U N I V E R S I T Y O F T E C H N O L O G Y
Nominal Analysis of The Quadruple Tank Process
Both measures indicate off-diagonal pairing.
Miguel Castaño | CSCC 2010 | 2010-07-24 | Slide 7
L U L E Å U N I V E R S I T Y O F T E C H N O L O G Y
Improved bounds for Δ||Gij||H and for Δtr(PjQi).
• Previous bounds for the additive uncertainty in the Hankel-Norm were derived by Moaveni and Khaki-Sedigh:
where Wco is the cross-Gramian matrix, obtained from
• The new potentially tighter proposed bounds for the Hankel norm and tr(P jQi):DON’T PANIC
Miguel Castaño | CSCC 2010 | 2010-07-24 | Slide 8
L U L E Å U N I V E R S I T Y O F T E C H N O L O G Y
Example 1
Performed Monte-Carlo simulations revealed that both bounds are still too loose.
Previous bound:
New bound:
Miguel Castaño | CSCC 2010 | 2010-07-24 | Slide 9
Uncertainty level
L U L E Å U N I V E R S I T Y O F T E C H N O L O G Y
Approximating the analytical bounds for tr(PQ)
Uncertainty Description:
Normal vector:
Minimum area is enclosed by:
Maximum area is enclosed by:
Miguel Castaño | CSCC 2010 | 2010-07-24 | Slide 10
L U L E Å U N I V E R S I T Y O F T E C H N O L O G Y
Example 2. The Quadruple Tank Process.
Nominal Case
Bounds obtained from the inequality (loose bound) :
Bounds obtained from integrating the Nyquist Diagram (numerical approach):
Miguel Castaño | CSCC 2010 | 2010-07-24 | Slide 11
Uncertainty level
L U L E Å U N I V E R S I T Y O F T E C H N O L O G Y
Conclusions and Future Work
Miguel Castaño | CSCC 2010 | 2010-07-24 | Slide 12
• Previously existing bounds for two Gramian-Based interaction measures have been improved and evaluated.
• These bounds have been found to be insufficiently tight in some examples.
• A novel method for numerically obtaining the bounds of tr(PQ) is suggested.
• Analyze which numerical approach for integrating the areas in the Nyquist array is more adequate.
• Methods to create robust decisions in control structure selection form the Gramian-based interaction measures and their computed bounds.
• Empirical estimation of interaction measures.
Conclusions
Future Work
L U L E Å U N I V E R S I T Y O F T E C H N O L O G Y
Other research topics in Control Structure Selection
• Analysis of complex industrial processes with signal flow graphs and methods based on brain connectivity theory.
Miguel Castaño & Wolfgang Birk | MSC 2008| 2008-09-03 | Slide 13
The northernmost University of Technology in ScandinaviaTop-class Research and Education
Thanks for your attention
Miguel Castaño | CSCC 2010 | 2010-07-24 | Slide 14