prentice hall, 2000
TRANSCRIPT
1copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chapter 11Infrastructure for
Electronic Commerce
2copy Prentice Hall 2000
Learning Objectives
Describe the protocols underlying Internet clientserver applications
Compare the functions and structures of Web browsers and servers
Discuss the security requirements of Internet and e-commerce applications and how are these requirements fulfilled by various hardware and software systems
Describe the functional requirements for online selling and what are the specialized services and servers that perform these functions
3copy Prentice Hall 2000
Describe the business functions that Web chat can fulfill and list some of the commercially available systems that support chat
Understand the ways in which audio video and other multimedia content are being delivered over the Internet and to what business uses this content is being applied
Learning Objectives (cont)
4copy Prentice Hall 2000
A Network of Networks = Internet
Internet is a network of hundreds of thousands interconnected networks
Network Service Providers (NSPs) runs the backbones
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) provide the delivery subnetworks
5copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Network Architecture
NAP
NAPNAP
NAP
ISP
ISPISP
ISP
ISP ISP
ISP
ISP
ISP
ISP
0
Backbone5
copy Prentice Hall 2000
6copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet ProtocolsProtocols - A set of rules that determine how two
computers communicate with one another over a network The protocols embody a series of design principles
Interoperablemdash the system supports computers and software from different vendors For e-commerce this means that the customers or businesses are not required to buy specific systems in order to conduct business
Layeredmdash the collection of Internet protocols work in layers with each layer building on the layers at lower levels
Simplemdash each of the layers in the architecture provides only a few functions or operations This means that application programmers are hidden from the complexities of the underlying hardware
End-to-Endmdash the Internet is based on ldquoend-to-endrdquo protocols This means that the interpretation of the data happens at the application layer and not at the network layers Itrsquos much like the post office
7copy Prentice Hall 2000
TCPIP Architecture
Application LayerFTP HTTP Telnet NNTP
Transport LayerTransmission
Control Protocol(TCP)
UserDatagram Protocol
(UDP)Internet Protocol
(IP)
Network Interface Layer
Physical Layer
copy Prentice Hall 2000
8copy Prentice Hall 2000
TCPIP
Solves the global internetworking problemTransmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Ensures that 2 computers can communicate with one another in a reliable fashion
Internet Protocol (IP) Formats the packets and assigns addresses
packets are labeled with the addresses of the sending and receiving computers
1999 version is version 4 (IPv4) Version 6 (IPv6) has just begun to be adopted
9copy Prentice Hall 2000
Domain NamesReference particular computers on the InternetDivided into segments separated by periods
For example in the case of ldquowwwmicrosoftcomrdquoldquowwwrdquo is the specific computerldquocomrdquo is the top level domainldquomicrosoftrdquo is the subdomain
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)controls the domain name system
Network Solutions Inc (NSI)issues and administers domain names for most of the top level
domains
10copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet ClientServer ApplicationsApplication Protocol PurposeE-mail Allows the transmission of text
messages and binary attachments across the Internet
Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP)Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3)Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
File Transfer
File Transfer Protocol (TP) Enables files to be uploaded and downloaded across the Internet
Chat Internet Relay Chat Protocol (IRC) Provides a way for users to talk to one another in real-time over the Internet The real-time chat groups are called channels
UseNet Newsgroups
Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) Discussion forums where users can asynchronously post messages and read messages posted by others
World Wide Web (Web)
Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) Offers access to hypertext documents executable programs and other Internet resources
11copy Prentice Hall 2000
New World Network Internet2 Two consortiums are in the process of
constructing the lsquonew world networkrsquo The University Corporation for Advanced Internet
Development (UCAID) wwwucaideduBuilding a leading edge research network called Internet2Based on a series of interconnected gigapops
bull interconnected by the National Science Foundationrsquos very high performance Backbone Network (vBNS) infrastructure
Goals of Internet2bull to connect universities so that a 30 volume encyclopedia
could be transmitted in less than secondbull to support applications like distance learning digital
libraries video teleconferencing teleimmersion and collaborative tools and virtual laboratories
12copy Prentice Hall 2000
New World Network Next Generation Internet
Next Generation Internet (NGI)Government initiated and sponsoredStarted by the Clinton Administration this initiative includes
government research agencies such as bull the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)bull the Department of Energybull the National Science Foundation (NSF)bull the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)bull the National Institute of Standards and Technology
Aim of the NGIbull to support next generation applications like health care national security
energy research biomedical research and environmental monitoring
13copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web-based ClientServerWeb browsers servers need as way to
Locate each other so they can send requests and responses back and forth
Communicate with one anotherUniform Resource Locators (URLs)
A new addressing scheme Ubiquitous appearing on the web in print on billboards
on TV and anywhere else a company can advertise Default syntax - wwwAnywhereCom Complete syntax - access-methodserver-name[port]directoryfile
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Web-based ClientServer (cont)
Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) A new protocol Lightweight stateless protocol that browsers and
servers use to converse with one another Statelessness - every request that a browser makes opens a
new connection that is immediately closed after the document is returnedrepresents a substantial problem for e-commerce applicationsan individual user is likely to have a series of interactions with the
application MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension)
describes the contents of the documentin the case of an HTML page the header is ldquoContent-type texthtmlrdquo
15copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web Browsers (1999 Generation)
IE 46 suite of components consists of the browser along with the following tools
Outlook Express for e-mail readingFrontPage Express for authoring of HTML Web pagesNet Meeting for collaboration
Netscape Navigator 46 suite consists of the browser plus the following componentsMessenger for e-mail readingComposer for authoring HTML Web pagesCollabora for news offeringsCalendar for personal and group schedulingNetcaster for push delivery of Web pages
16copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web Servers A Software Program
http daemon in Unix http service in Windows NT Functions
service HTTP requestsprovide access control determining who can access
particular directories or files on the Web serverrun scripts and external programs to either add
functionality to the Web documents or provide real-time access to database and other dynamic data
enable management and administration of both the server functions and the contents of the Web site
log transactions that the user makes Distinguished by
platforms performance security and commerce
17copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet SecurityCornerstones of Security
Authenticitythe sender (either client or server) of a message is who he she or
it claims to be Privacy
the contents of a message are secret and only known to the sender and receiver
Integritythe contents of a message are not modified (intentionally or
accidentally) during transmission Non-repudiation
the sender of a message cannot deny that he she or it actually sent the message
18copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Private Key Private Key
Encryption
Private Key Encryption (Symmetrical Key Encryption)Data Encryption Standard (DES) is the most widely used
symmetrical encryption algorithm
19copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Public Key Encryption (Asymmetrical Key Encryption)
Encryption (cont)
20copy Prentice Hall 2000
Encryption (cont)
Digital Envelope mdash combination of symmetrical and public key encryption
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Session Key Session Key
Public key of Recipient
Public key of RecipientSession Key Session KeyDigital Envelop
21copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Digital Signatures Authenticity and Non-Denial
Signature Signature
Private Key of Sender
Public Key of Sender
CipheredText
Encryption (cont)
22copy Prentice Hall 2000
Digital Certificates andCertifying Authorities
Digital Certificates Verify the holder of a public and private key is who he
she or it claims to beCertifying Authorities (CA)
Issue digital certificates Verify the information and creates a certificate that
contains the applicantrsquos public key along with identifying information
Uses their private key to encrypt the certificate and sends the signed certificate to the applicant
23copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
A protocol that operates at the TCPIP layerEncrypts communications between browsers
and serversSupports a variety of encryption algorithms
and authentication methodsEncrypts credit card numbers that are sent
from a consumerrsquos browser to a merchantsrsquo Web site
24copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
A cryptographic protocol to handle the complete transaction
Provides authentication confidentiality message integrity and linkage
Supporting features Cardholder registration Merchant registration Purchase requests Payment authorizations Payment capture
Chargebacks Credits Credit reversal Debit card transactions
25copy Prentice Hall 2000
Access Control
Password Protection Passwords are notoriously susceptible to
compromiseUsers have a habit of sharing their passwords with
others writing them down where others can see them and choosing passwords that are easily guessed
Browser transmits the passwords in a form that is easily intercepted and decoded By making sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder only has restricted access to the rest of the network which is one of the roles of a firewall
26copy Prentice Hall 2000
Firewalls A network node consisting of both hardware and software that isolates
a private network from a public network Make sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder
only has restricted access to the rest of the network Two types
Dual-homed gatewaybastion gateway connects a private internal network to outside Internetproxies (software programs) run on the gateway server and pass
repackaged packets from one network to the other Screen-host gateway
screened subnet gateway in which the bastion gateway offers access to a small segment of the internal network
demilitarized zone is the open subnet
27copy Prentice Hall 2000
Screened Subnet Firewall
InternetRouter Local
Network
BastionHost
ProxiesFTP HTTP
NNTPTelnet
Router
FTP Server
Web Server
copy Prentice Hall 2000
28copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
A VPN combines encryption authentication and protocol tunneling to provide secure transport of private communications over the public Internet Itrsquos as if the Internet becomes part of a larger enterprise wide area network (WAN) In this way transmission costs are drastically reduced because workers can access enterprise data by making a local call into an ISP rather than using a long distance phone call
29copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
Real challenge of a VPN To ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data transmitted
over the Internet
Protocol tunneling Support multi-protocol networking To encrypt and encapsulate the data being transmitted Types of protocol mdash being used to carry out protocol tunneling
protocols are aimed primarily at site-to-site VPNs (eg IPV6)protocols are used to support VPNs that provide employees
customers and others with dial-up access via an ISP (eg Microsoftrsquos Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP))
30copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the WebFunction Requirements for an Electronic Storefront
Search for discover and compare products for purchase Select a product to be purchased and negotiate or determine its total
price Place an order for desired products Have their order confirmed ensuring that the desired product is
available Pay for the ordered products (usually through some form of credit) Verify their credit and approve their purchase Have orders processed Verify that the product has been shipped Request post-sales support or provide feedback to the seller
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Selling on the Web (cont)
Electronic storefront must contain A merchant system or storefront that provides the
merchantrsquos catalog with products prices and promotions
A transaction system for processing orders and payments and other aspects of the transaction
A payment gateway that routes payments through existing financial systems primarily for the purpose of credit card authorization and settlement
32copy Prentice Hall 2000
Outsourcing Vs Insourcing Insourcingmdash build and run the electronic storefront inhouse
Large companies wanting bull to ldquoexperimentrdquo with e-commerce without a great investmentbull to protect their own internal networksbull to rely on experts to establish their sites
Outsourcingmdash contract with an outside firmSmaller or medium sized companies with few IT staff and smaller
budgetsThree types of providers
bull Internet Mallsmdash offers cross-selling from one store to another and provides a common payment structure
bull Internet Service Providersmdash focused on operating a secure transaction environment not on store content
bull Telecommunication Companiesmdash includes the full range of e-commerce solutions
33copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers
The virtual equivalents of traditional product catalogs Commonly include
Templates or wizards for creating a storefront and catalog pages with pictures describing products for sale
Electronic shopping carts that enable consumers to gather items of interest until they are ready for checkout
Web-based order forms for making secure purchases (either through a SSL or a SET)
Database for maintaining product descriptions and pricing as well as customer orders
Integration with third party software for calculating taxes and shipping costs and for handling distribution and fulfillment
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Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Internet
WebServer
FinancialNetwork
Merchant Server Architecture
3rd PartyApplications
WebBrowser
StoreHTML Pages
MerchantServer
DatabaseCatalogOrder
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35copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Two of the best known products in this category iCat Electronic Commerce Suite
Standard edition includesbull Catalog templatesbull Shopping cartsbull Product searching
Professional edition provides support forbull High-end databasesbull Integration with ISAPI and Netscapes NSAPIbull Options for third-party plug-ins for searching user tracking sale
pricing discounting etc
bull Cross sellingbull Secure payment processing
36copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Microsoftrsquos Site Server Commerce EditionFeatures of this product are
bull Commerce Sample Sites providing templates for complete applicationsbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet supporting a variety of digital currenciesbull Site Builder Wizard for stores with multi-level departmentsbull Commerce Server Software Development Kit (SDK) for developing custom-
order processingbull Order processing pipeline for managing orders according to specified
business rulesbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet Software Development Kit (SDK) for supporting a variety of
digital payment schemesbull Promotion and Cross-selling Manager for administering a range of
specialized promotions discountscross-selling opportunitiesbull Integration with Microsoftrsquos Web site development (eg Visual InterDev) and
administrative tools (eg NT Security Support)
37copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Commerce Suites Offer merchants greater flexibility specialization
customization and integration in supporting complete front and back-office functionality
Internet
CatalogApplicationCustomer
ManagementRegistration
Profiles Service
Order CaptureCompletion Fulfillment
SystemsPayment
Processing(SET amp Purchase
Order)
CatalogDatabase
CustomerDatabase
OrderDatabase
PaymentDatabase
FinancialNetwork
WebBrowser Web
Server
Open Market E-Commerce Server Architecture
38copy Prentice Hall 2000
Open Market (wwwopenmarketcom)
One of the market leaders in the electronic commerce software segment
Provides a compete set of end-to-end transaction services includingAnalysis and ProfilingDemand GenerationOrder ManagementFulfillmentPaymentSelf-ServiceCustomer ServiceReporting
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
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Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
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Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
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Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
2copy Prentice Hall 2000
Learning Objectives
Describe the protocols underlying Internet clientserver applications
Compare the functions and structures of Web browsers and servers
Discuss the security requirements of Internet and e-commerce applications and how are these requirements fulfilled by various hardware and software systems
Describe the functional requirements for online selling and what are the specialized services and servers that perform these functions
3copy Prentice Hall 2000
Describe the business functions that Web chat can fulfill and list some of the commercially available systems that support chat
Understand the ways in which audio video and other multimedia content are being delivered over the Internet and to what business uses this content is being applied
Learning Objectives (cont)
4copy Prentice Hall 2000
A Network of Networks = Internet
Internet is a network of hundreds of thousands interconnected networks
Network Service Providers (NSPs) runs the backbones
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) provide the delivery subnetworks
5copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Network Architecture
NAP
NAPNAP
NAP
ISP
ISPISP
ISP
ISP ISP
ISP
ISP
ISP
ISP
0
Backbone5
copy Prentice Hall 2000
6copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet ProtocolsProtocols - A set of rules that determine how two
computers communicate with one another over a network The protocols embody a series of design principles
Interoperablemdash the system supports computers and software from different vendors For e-commerce this means that the customers or businesses are not required to buy specific systems in order to conduct business
Layeredmdash the collection of Internet protocols work in layers with each layer building on the layers at lower levels
Simplemdash each of the layers in the architecture provides only a few functions or operations This means that application programmers are hidden from the complexities of the underlying hardware
End-to-Endmdash the Internet is based on ldquoend-to-endrdquo protocols This means that the interpretation of the data happens at the application layer and not at the network layers Itrsquos much like the post office
7copy Prentice Hall 2000
TCPIP Architecture
Application LayerFTP HTTP Telnet NNTP
Transport LayerTransmission
Control Protocol(TCP)
UserDatagram Protocol
(UDP)Internet Protocol
(IP)
Network Interface Layer
Physical Layer
copy Prentice Hall 2000
8copy Prentice Hall 2000
TCPIP
Solves the global internetworking problemTransmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Ensures that 2 computers can communicate with one another in a reliable fashion
Internet Protocol (IP) Formats the packets and assigns addresses
packets are labeled with the addresses of the sending and receiving computers
1999 version is version 4 (IPv4) Version 6 (IPv6) has just begun to be adopted
9copy Prentice Hall 2000
Domain NamesReference particular computers on the InternetDivided into segments separated by periods
For example in the case of ldquowwwmicrosoftcomrdquoldquowwwrdquo is the specific computerldquocomrdquo is the top level domainldquomicrosoftrdquo is the subdomain
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)controls the domain name system
Network Solutions Inc (NSI)issues and administers domain names for most of the top level
domains
10copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet ClientServer ApplicationsApplication Protocol PurposeE-mail Allows the transmission of text
messages and binary attachments across the Internet
Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP)Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3)Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
File Transfer
File Transfer Protocol (TP) Enables files to be uploaded and downloaded across the Internet
Chat Internet Relay Chat Protocol (IRC) Provides a way for users to talk to one another in real-time over the Internet The real-time chat groups are called channels
UseNet Newsgroups
Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) Discussion forums where users can asynchronously post messages and read messages posted by others
World Wide Web (Web)
Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) Offers access to hypertext documents executable programs and other Internet resources
11copy Prentice Hall 2000
New World Network Internet2 Two consortiums are in the process of
constructing the lsquonew world networkrsquo The University Corporation for Advanced Internet
Development (UCAID) wwwucaideduBuilding a leading edge research network called Internet2Based on a series of interconnected gigapops
bull interconnected by the National Science Foundationrsquos very high performance Backbone Network (vBNS) infrastructure
Goals of Internet2bull to connect universities so that a 30 volume encyclopedia
could be transmitted in less than secondbull to support applications like distance learning digital
libraries video teleconferencing teleimmersion and collaborative tools and virtual laboratories
12copy Prentice Hall 2000
New World Network Next Generation Internet
Next Generation Internet (NGI)Government initiated and sponsoredStarted by the Clinton Administration this initiative includes
government research agencies such as bull the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)bull the Department of Energybull the National Science Foundation (NSF)bull the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)bull the National Institute of Standards and Technology
Aim of the NGIbull to support next generation applications like health care national security
energy research biomedical research and environmental monitoring
13copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web-based ClientServerWeb browsers servers need as way to
Locate each other so they can send requests and responses back and forth
Communicate with one anotherUniform Resource Locators (URLs)
A new addressing scheme Ubiquitous appearing on the web in print on billboards
on TV and anywhere else a company can advertise Default syntax - wwwAnywhereCom Complete syntax - access-methodserver-name[port]directoryfile
14copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web-based ClientServer (cont)
Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) A new protocol Lightweight stateless protocol that browsers and
servers use to converse with one another Statelessness - every request that a browser makes opens a
new connection that is immediately closed after the document is returnedrepresents a substantial problem for e-commerce applicationsan individual user is likely to have a series of interactions with the
application MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension)
describes the contents of the documentin the case of an HTML page the header is ldquoContent-type texthtmlrdquo
15copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web Browsers (1999 Generation)
IE 46 suite of components consists of the browser along with the following tools
Outlook Express for e-mail readingFrontPage Express for authoring of HTML Web pagesNet Meeting for collaboration
Netscape Navigator 46 suite consists of the browser plus the following componentsMessenger for e-mail readingComposer for authoring HTML Web pagesCollabora for news offeringsCalendar for personal and group schedulingNetcaster for push delivery of Web pages
16copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web Servers A Software Program
http daemon in Unix http service in Windows NT Functions
service HTTP requestsprovide access control determining who can access
particular directories or files on the Web serverrun scripts and external programs to either add
functionality to the Web documents or provide real-time access to database and other dynamic data
enable management and administration of both the server functions and the contents of the Web site
log transactions that the user makes Distinguished by
platforms performance security and commerce
17copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet SecurityCornerstones of Security
Authenticitythe sender (either client or server) of a message is who he she or
it claims to be Privacy
the contents of a message are secret and only known to the sender and receiver
Integritythe contents of a message are not modified (intentionally or
accidentally) during transmission Non-repudiation
the sender of a message cannot deny that he she or it actually sent the message
18copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Private Key Private Key
Encryption
Private Key Encryption (Symmetrical Key Encryption)Data Encryption Standard (DES) is the most widely used
symmetrical encryption algorithm
19copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Public Key Encryption (Asymmetrical Key Encryption)
Encryption (cont)
20copy Prentice Hall 2000
Encryption (cont)
Digital Envelope mdash combination of symmetrical and public key encryption
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Session Key Session Key
Public key of Recipient
Public key of RecipientSession Key Session KeyDigital Envelop
21copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Digital Signatures Authenticity and Non-Denial
Signature Signature
Private Key of Sender
Public Key of Sender
CipheredText
Encryption (cont)
22copy Prentice Hall 2000
Digital Certificates andCertifying Authorities
Digital Certificates Verify the holder of a public and private key is who he
she or it claims to beCertifying Authorities (CA)
Issue digital certificates Verify the information and creates a certificate that
contains the applicantrsquos public key along with identifying information
Uses their private key to encrypt the certificate and sends the signed certificate to the applicant
23copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
A protocol that operates at the TCPIP layerEncrypts communications between browsers
and serversSupports a variety of encryption algorithms
and authentication methodsEncrypts credit card numbers that are sent
from a consumerrsquos browser to a merchantsrsquo Web site
24copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
A cryptographic protocol to handle the complete transaction
Provides authentication confidentiality message integrity and linkage
Supporting features Cardholder registration Merchant registration Purchase requests Payment authorizations Payment capture
Chargebacks Credits Credit reversal Debit card transactions
25copy Prentice Hall 2000
Access Control
Password Protection Passwords are notoriously susceptible to
compromiseUsers have a habit of sharing their passwords with
others writing them down where others can see them and choosing passwords that are easily guessed
Browser transmits the passwords in a form that is easily intercepted and decoded By making sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder only has restricted access to the rest of the network which is one of the roles of a firewall
26copy Prentice Hall 2000
Firewalls A network node consisting of both hardware and software that isolates
a private network from a public network Make sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder
only has restricted access to the rest of the network Two types
Dual-homed gatewaybastion gateway connects a private internal network to outside Internetproxies (software programs) run on the gateway server and pass
repackaged packets from one network to the other Screen-host gateway
screened subnet gateway in which the bastion gateway offers access to a small segment of the internal network
demilitarized zone is the open subnet
27copy Prentice Hall 2000
Screened Subnet Firewall
InternetRouter Local
Network
BastionHost
ProxiesFTP HTTP
NNTPTelnet
Router
FTP Server
Web Server
copy Prentice Hall 2000
28copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
A VPN combines encryption authentication and protocol tunneling to provide secure transport of private communications over the public Internet Itrsquos as if the Internet becomes part of a larger enterprise wide area network (WAN) In this way transmission costs are drastically reduced because workers can access enterprise data by making a local call into an ISP rather than using a long distance phone call
29copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
Real challenge of a VPN To ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data transmitted
over the Internet
Protocol tunneling Support multi-protocol networking To encrypt and encapsulate the data being transmitted Types of protocol mdash being used to carry out protocol tunneling
protocols are aimed primarily at site-to-site VPNs (eg IPV6)protocols are used to support VPNs that provide employees
customers and others with dial-up access via an ISP (eg Microsoftrsquos Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP))
30copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the WebFunction Requirements for an Electronic Storefront
Search for discover and compare products for purchase Select a product to be purchased and negotiate or determine its total
price Place an order for desired products Have their order confirmed ensuring that the desired product is
available Pay for the ordered products (usually through some form of credit) Verify their credit and approve their purchase Have orders processed Verify that the product has been shipped Request post-sales support or provide feedback to the seller
31copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the Web (cont)
Electronic storefront must contain A merchant system or storefront that provides the
merchantrsquos catalog with products prices and promotions
A transaction system for processing orders and payments and other aspects of the transaction
A payment gateway that routes payments through existing financial systems primarily for the purpose of credit card authorization and settlement
32copy Prentice Hall 2000
Outsourcing Vs Insourcing Insourcingmdash build and run the electronic storefront inhouse
Large companies wanting bull to ldquoexperimentrdquo with e-commerce without a great investmentbull to protect their own internal networksbull to rely on experts to establish their sites
Outsourcingmdash contract with an outside firmSmaller or medium sized companies with few IT staff and smaller
budgetsThree types of providers
bull Internet Mallsmdash offers cross-selling from one store to another and provides a common payment structure
bull Internet Service Providersmdash focused on operating a secure transaction environment not on store content
bull Telecommunication Companiesmdash includes the full range of e-commerce solutions
33copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers
The virtual equivalents of traditional product catalogs Commonly include
Templates or wizards for creating a storefront and catalog pages with pictures describing products for sale
Electronic shopping carts that enable consumers to gather items of interest until they are ready for checkout
Web-based order forms for making secure purchases (either through a SSL or a SET)
Database for maintaining product descriptions and pricing as well as customer orders
Integration with third party software for calculating taxes and shipping costs and for handling distribution and fulfillment
34copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Internet
WebServer
FinancialNetwork
Merchant Server Architecture
3rd PartyApplications
WebBrowser
StoreHTML Pages
MerchantServer
DatabaseCatalogOrder
copy Prentice Hall 2000
35copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Two of the best known products in this category iCat Electronic Commerce Suite
Standard edition includesbull Catalog templatesbull Shopping cartsbull Product searching
Professional edition provides support forbull High-end databasesbull Integration with ISAPI and Netscapes NSAPIbull Options for third-party plug-ins for searching user tracking sale
pricing discounting etc
bull Cross sellingbull Secure payment processing
36copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Microsoftrsquos Site Server Commerce EditionFeatures of this product are
bull Commerce Sample Sites providing templates for complete applicationsbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet supporting a variety of digital currenciesbull Site Builder Wizard for stores with multi-level departmentsbull Commerce Server Software Development Kit (SDK) for developing custom-
order processingbull Order processing pipeline for managing orders according to specified
business rulesbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet Software Development Kit (SDK) for supporting a variety of
digital payment schemesbull Promotion and Cross-selling Manager for administering a range of
specialized promotions discountscross-selling opportunitiesbull Integration with Microsoftrsquos Web site development (eg Visual InterDev) and
administrative tools (eg NT Security Support)
37copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Commerce Suites Offer merchants greater flexibility specialization
customization and integration in supporting complete front and back-office functionality
Internet
CatalogApplicationCustomer
ManagementRegistration
Profiles Service
Order CaptureCompletion Fulfillment
SystemsPayment
Processing(SET amp Purchase
Order)
CatalogDatabase
CustomerDatabase
OrderDatabase
PaymentDatabase
FinancialNetwork
WebBrowser Web
Server
Open Market E-Commerce Server Architecture
38copy Prentice Hall 2000
Open Market (wwwopenmarketcom)
One of the market leaders in the electronic commerce software segment
Provides a compete set of end-to-end transaction services includingAnalysis and ProfilingDemand GenerationOrder ManagementFulfillmentPaymentSelf-ServiceCustomer ServiceReporting
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
3copy Prentice Hall 2000
Describe the business functions that Web chat can fulfill and list some of the commercially available systems that support chat
Understand the ways in which audio video and other multimedia content are being delivered over the Internet and to what business uses this content is being applied
Learning Objectives (cont)
4copy Prentice Hall 2000
A Network of Networks = Internet
Internet is a network of hundreds of thousands interconnected networks
Network Service Providers (NSPs) runs the backbones
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) provide the delivery subnetworks
5copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Network Architecture
NAP
NAPNAP
NAP
ISP
ISPISP
ISP
ISP ISP
ISP
ISP
ISP
ISP
0
Backbone5
copy Prentice Hall 2000
6copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet ProtocolsProtocols - A set of rules that determine how two
computers communicate with one another over a network The protocols embody a series of design principles
Interoperablemdash the system supports computers and software from different vendors For e-commerce this means that the customers or businesses are not required to buy specific systems in order to conduct business
Layeredmdash the collection of Internet protocols work in layers with each layer building on the layers at lower levels
Simplemdash each of the layers in the architecture provides only a few functions or operations This means that application programmers are hidden from the complexities of the underlying hardware
End-to-Endmdash the Internet is based on ldquoend-to-endrdquo protocols This means that the interpretation of the data happens at the application layer and not at the network layers Itrsquos much like the post office
7copy Prentice Hall 2000
TCPIP Architecture
Application LayerFTP HTTP Telnet NNTP
Transport LayerTransmission
Control Protocol(TCP)
UserDatagram Protocol
(UDP)Internet Protocol
(IP)
Network Interface Layer
Physical Layer
copy Prentice Hall 2000
8copy Prentice Hall 2000
TCPIP
Solves the global internetworking problemTransmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Ensures that 2 computers can communicate with one another in a reliable fashion
Internet Protocol (IP) Formats the packets and assigns addresses
packets are labeled with the addresses of the sending and receiving computers
1999 version is version 4 (IPv4) Version 6 (IPv6) has just begun to be adopted
9copy Prentice Hall 2000
Domain NamesReference particular computers on the InternetDivided into segments separated by periods
For example in the case of ldquowwwmicrosoftcomrdquoldquowwwrdquo is the specific computerldquocomrdquo is the top level domainldquomicrosoftrdquo is the subdomain
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)controls the domain name system
Network Solutions Inc (NSI)issues and administers domain names for most of the top level
domains
10copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet ClientServer ApplicationsApplication Protocol PurposeE-mail Allows the transmission of text
messages and binary attachments across the Internet
Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP)Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3)Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
File Transfer
File Transfer Protocol (TP) Enables files to be uploaded and downloaded across the Internet
Chat Internet Relay Chat Protocol (IRC) Provides a way for users to talk to one another in real-time over the Internet The real-time chat groups are called channels
UseNet Newsgroups
Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) Discussion forums where users can asynchronously post messages and read messages posted by others
World Wide Web (Web)
Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) Offers access to hypertext documents executable programs and other Internet resources
11copy Prentice Hall 2000
New World Network Internet2 Two consortiums are in the process of
constructing the lsquonew world networkrsquo The University Corporation for Advanced Internet
Development (UCAID) wwwucaideduBuilding a leading edge research network called Internet2Based on a series of interconnected gigapops
bull interconnected by the National Science Foundationrsquos very high performance Backbone Network (vBNS) infrastructure
Goals of Internet2bull to connect universities so that a 30 volume encyclopedia
could be transmitted in less than secondbull to support applications like distance learning digital
libraries video teleconferencing teleimmersion and collaborative tools and virtual laboratories
12copy Prentice Hall 2000
New World Network Next Generation Internet
Next Generation Internet (NGI)Government initiated and sponsoredStarted by the Clinton Administration this initiative includes
government research agencies such as bull the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)bull the Department of Energybull the National Science Foundation (NSF)bull the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)bull the National Institute of Standards and Technology
Aim of the NGIbull to support next generation applications like health care national security
energy research biomedical research and environmental monitoring
13copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web-based ClientServerWeb browsers servers need as way to
Locate each other so they can send requests and responses back and forth
Communicate with one anotherUniform Resource Locators (URLs)
A new addressing scheme Ubiquitous appearing on the web in print on billboards
on TV and anywhere else a company can advertise Default syntax - wwwAnywhereCom Complete syntax - access-methodserver-name[port]directoryfile
14copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web-based ClientServer (cont)
Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) A new protocol Lightweight stateless protocol that browsers and
servers use to converse with one another Statelessness - every request that a browser makes opens a
new connection that is immediately closed after the document is returnedrepresents a substantial problem for e-commerce applicationsan individual user is likely to have a series of interactions with the
application MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension)
describes the contents of the documentin the case of an HTML page the header is ldquoContent-type texthtmlrdquo
15copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web Browsers (1999 Generation)
IE 46 suite of components consists of the browser along with the following tools
Outlook Express for e-mail readingFrontPage Express for authoring of HTML Web pagesNet Meeting for collaboration
Netscape Navigator 46 suite consists of the browser plus the following componentsMessenger for e-mail readingComposer for authoring HTML Web pagesCollabora for news offeringsCalendar for personal and group schedulingNetcaster for push delivery of Web pages
16copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web Servers A Software Program
http daemon in Unix http service in Windows NT Functions
service HTTP requestsprovide access control determining who can access
particular directories or files on the Web serverrun scripts and external programs to either add
functionality to the Web documents or provide real-time access to database and other dynamic data
enable management and administration of both the server functions and the contents of the Web site
log transactions that the user makes Distinguished by
platforms performance security and commerce
17copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet SecurityCornerstones of Security
Authenticitythe sender (either client or server) of a message is who he she or
it claims to be Privacy
the contents of a message are secret and only known to the sender and receiver
Integritythe contents of a message are not modified (intentionally or
accidentally) during transmission Non-repudiation
the sender of a message cannot deny that he she or it actually sent the message
18copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Private Key Private Key
Encryption
Private Key Encryption (Symmetrical Key Encryption)Data Encryption Standard (DES) is the most widely used
symmetrical encryption algorithm
19copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Public Key Encryption (Asymmetrical Key Encryption)
Encryption (cont)
20copy Prentice Hall 2000
Encryption (cont)
Digital Envelope mdash combination of symmetrical and public key encryption
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Session Key Session Key
Public key of Recipient
Public key of RecipientSession Key Session KeyDigital Envelop
21copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Digital Signatures Authenticity and Non-Denial
Signature Signature
Private Key of Sender
Public Key of Sender
CipheredText
Encryption (cont)
22copy Prentice Hall 2000
Digital Certificates andCertifying Authorities
Digital Certificates Verify the holder of a public and private key is who he
she or it claims to beCertifying Authorities (CA)
Issue digital certificates Verify the information and creates a certificate that
contains the applicantrsquos public key along with identifying information
Uses their private key to encrypt the certificate and sends the signed certificate to the applicant
23copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
A protocol that operates at the TCPIP layerEncrypts communications between browsers
and serversSupports a variety of encryption algorithms
and authentication methodsEncrypts credit card numbers that are sent
from a consumerrsquos browser to a merchantsrsquo Web site
24copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
A cryptographic protocol to handle the complete transaction
Provides authentication confidentiality message integrity and linkage
Supporting features Cardholder registration Merchant registration Purchase requests Payment authorizations Payment capture
Chargebacks Credits Credit reversal Debit card transactions
25copy Prentice Hall 2000
Access Control
Password Protection Passwords are notoriously susceptible to
compromiseUsers have a habit of sharing their passwords with
others writing them down where others can see them and choosing passwords that are easily guessed
Browser transmits the passwords in a form that is easily intercepted and decoded By making sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder only has restricted access to the rest of the network which is one of the roles of a firewall
26copy Prentice Hall 2000
Firewalls A network node consisting of both hardware and software that isolates
a private network from a public network Make sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder
only has restricted access to the rest of the network Two types
Dual-homed gatewaybastion gateway connects a private internal network to outside Internetproxies (software programs) run on the gateway server and pass
repackaged packets from one network to the other Screen-host gateway
screened subnet gateway in which the bastion gateway offers access to a small segment of the internal network
demilitarized zone is the open subnet
27copy Prentice Hall 2000
Screened Subnet Firewall
InternetRouter Local
Network
BastionHost
ProxiesFTP HTTP
NNTPTelnet
Router
FTP Server
Web Server
copy Prentice Hall 2000
28copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
A VPN combines encryption authentication and protocol tunneling to provide secure transport of private communications over the public Internet Itrsquos as if the Internet becomes part of a larger enterprise wide area network (WAN) In this way transmission costs are drastically reduced because workers can access enterprise data by making a local call into an ISP rather than using a long distance phone call
29copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
Real challenge of a VPN To ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data transmitted
over the Internet
Protocol tunneling Support multi-protocol networking To encrypt and encapsulate the data being transmitted Types of protocol mdash being used to carry out protocol tunneling
protocols are aimed primarily at site-to-site VPNs (eg IPV6)protocols are used to support VPNs that provide employees
customers and others with dial-up access via an ISP (eg Microsoftrsquos Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP))
30copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the WebFunction Requirements for an Electronic Storefront
Search for discover and compare products for purchase Select a product to be purchased and negotiate or determine its total
price Place an order for desired products Have their order confirmed ensuring that the desired product is
available Pay for the ordered products (usually through some form of credit) Verify their credit and approve their purchase Have orders processed Verify that the product has been shipped Request post-sales support or provide feedback to the seller
31copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the Web (cont)
Electronic storefront must contain A merchant system or storefront that provides the
merchantrsquos catalog with products prices and promotions
A transaction system for processing orders and payments and other aspects of the transaction
A payment gateway that routes payments through existing financial systems primarily for the purpose of credit card authorization and settlement
32copy Prentice Hall 2000
Outsourcing Vs Insourcing Insourcingmdash build and run the electronic storefront inhouse
Large companies wanting bull to ldquoexperimentrdquo with e-commerce without a great investmentbull to protect their own internal networksbull to rely on experts to establish their sites
Outsourcingmdash contract with an outside firmSmaller or medium sized companies with few IT staff and smaller
budgetsThree types of providers
bull Internet Mallsmdash offers cross-selling from one store to another and provides a common payment structure
bull Internet Service Providersmdash focused on operating a secure transaction environment not on store content
bull Telecommunication Companiesmdash includes the full range of e-commerce solutions
33copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers
The virtual equivalents of traditional product catalogs Commonly include
Templates or wizards for creating a storefront and catalog pages with pictures describing products for sale
Electronic shopping carts that enable consumers to gather items of interest until they are ready for checkout
Web-based order forms for making secure purchases (either through a SSL or a SET)
Database for maintaining product descriptions and pricing as well as customer orders
Integration with third party software for calculating taxes and shipping costs and for handling distribution and fulfillment
34copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Internet
WebServer
FinancialNetwork
Merchant Server Architecture
3rd PartyApplications
WebBrowser
StoreHTML Pages
MerchantServer
DatabaseCatalogOrder
copy Prentice Hall 2000
35copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Two of the best known products in this category iCat Electronic Commerce Suite
Standard edition includesbull Catalog templatesbull Shopping cartsbull Product searching
Professional edition provides support forbull High-end databasesbull Integration with ISAPI and Netscapes NSAPIbull Options for third-party plug-ins for searching user tracking sale
pricing discounting etc
bull Cross sellingbull Secure payment processing
36copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Microsoftrsquos Site Server Commerce EditionFeatures of this product are
bull Commerce Sample Sites providing templates for complete applicationsbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet supporting a variety of digital currenciesbull Site Builder Wizard for stores with multi-level departmentsbull Commerce Server Software Development Kit (SDK) for developing custom-
order processingbull Order processing pipeline for managing orders according to specified
business rulesbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet Software Development Kit (SDK) for supporting a variety of
digital payment schemesbull Promotion and Cross-selling Manager for administering a range of
specialized promotions discountscross-selling opportunitiesbull Integration with Microsoftrsquos Web site development (eg Visual InterDev) and
administrative tools (eg NT Security Support)
37copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Commerce Suites Offer merchants greater flexibility specialization
customization and integration in supporting complete front and back-office functionality
Internet
CatalogApplicationCustomer
ManagementRegistration
Profiles Service
Order CaptureCompletion Fulfillment
SystemsPayment
Processing(SET amp Purchase
Order)
CatalogDatabase
CustomerDatabase
OrderDatabase
PaymentDatabase
FinancialNetwork
WebBrowser Web
Server
Open Market E-Commerce Server Architecture
38copy Prentice Hall 2000
Open Market (wwwopenmarketcom)
One of the market leaders in the electronic commerce software segment
Provides a compete set of end-to-end transaction services includingAnalysis and ProfilingDemand GenerationOrder ManagementFulfillmentPaymentSelf-ServiceCustomer ServiceReporting
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
4copy Prentice Hall 2000
A Network of Networks = Internet
Internet is a network of hundreds of thousands interconnected networks
Network Service Providers (NSPs) runs the backbones
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) provide the delivery subnetworks
5copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Network Architecture
NAP
NAPNAP
NAP
ISP
ISPISP
ISP
ISP ISP
ISP
ISP
ISP
ISP
0
Backbone5
copy Prentice Hall 2000
6copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet ProtocolsProtocols - A set of rules that determine how two
computers communicate with one another over a network The protocols embody a series of design principles
Interoperablemdash the system supports computers and software from different vendors For e-commerce this means that the customers or businesses are not required to buy specific systems in order to conduct business
Layeredmdash the collection of Internet protocols work in layers with each layer building on the layers at lower levels
Simplemdash each of the layers in the architecture provides only a few functions or operations This means that application programmers are hidden from the complexities of the underlying hardware
End-to-Endmdash the Internet is based on ldquoend-to-endrdquo protocols This means that the interpretation of the data happens at the application layer and not at the network layers Itrsquos much like the post office
7copy Prentice Hall 2000
TCPIP Architecture
Application LayerFTP HTTP Telnet NNTP
Transport LayerTransmission
Control Protocol(TCP)
UserDatagram Protocol
(UDP)Internet Protocol
(IP)
Network Interface Layer
Physical Layer
copy Prentice Hall 2000
8copy Prentice Hall 2000
TCPIP
Solves the global internetworking problemTransmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Ensures that 2 computers can communicate with one another in a reliable fashion
Internet Protocol (IP) Formats the packets and assigns addresses
packets are labeled with the addresses of the sending and receiving computers
1999 version is version 4 (IPv4) Version 6 (IPv6) has just begun to be adopted
9copy Prentice Hall 2000
Domain NamesReference particular computers on the InternetDivided into segments separated by periods
For example in the case of ldquowwwmicrosoftcomrdquoldquowwwrdquo is the specific computerldquocomrdquo is the top level domainldquomicrosoftrdquo is the subdomain
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)controls the domain name system
Network Solutions Inc (NSI)issues and administers domain names for most of the top level
domains
10copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet ClientServer ApplicationsApplication Protocol PurposeE-mail Allows the transmission of text
messages and binary attachments across the Internet
Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP)Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3)Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
File Transfer
File Transfer Protocol (TP) Enables files to be uploaded and downloaded across the Internet
Chat Internet Relay Chat Protocol (IRC) Provides a way for users to talk to one another in real-time over the Internet The real-time chat groups are called channels
UseNet Newsgroups
Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) Discussion forums where users can asynchronously post messages and read messages posted by others
World Wide Web (Web)
Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) Offers access to hypertext documents executable programs and other Internet resources
11copy Prentice Hall 2000
New World Network Internet2 Two consortiums are in the process of
constructing the lsquonew world networkrsquo The University Corporation for Advanced Internet
Development (UCAID) wwwucaideduBuilding a leading edge research network called Internet2Based on a series of interconnected gigapops
bull interconnected by the National Science Foundationrsquos very high performance Backbone Network (vBNS) infrastructure
Goals of Internet2bull to connect universities so that a 30 volume encyclopedia
could be transmitted in less than secondbull to support applications like distance learning digital
libraries video teleconferencing teleimmersion and collaborative tools and virtual laboratories
12copy Prentice Hall 2000
New World Network Next Generation Internet
Next Generation Internet (NGI)Government initiated and sponsoredStarted by the Clinton Administration this initiative includes
government research agencies such as bull the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)bull the Department of Energybull the National Science Foundation (NSF)bull the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)bull the National Institute of Standards and Technology
Aim of the NGIbull to support next generation applications like health care national security
energy research biomedical research and environmental monitoring
13copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web-based ClientServerWeb browsers servers need as way to
Locate each other so they can send requests and responses back and forth
Communicate with one anotherUniform Resource Locators (URLs)
A new addressing scheme Ubiquitous appearing on the web in print on billboards
on TV and anywhere else a company can advertise Default syntax - wwwAnywhereCom Complete syntax - access-methodserver-name[port]directoryfile
14copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web-based ClientServer (cont)
Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) A new protocol Lightweight stateless protocol that browsers and
servers use to converse with one another Statelessness - every request that a browser makes opens a
new connection that is immediately closed after the document is returnedrepresents a substantial problem for e-commerce applicationsan individual user is likely to have a series of interactions with the
application MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension)
describes the contents of the documentin the case of an HTML page the header is ldquoContent-type texthtmlrdquo
15copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web Browsers (1999 Generation)
IE 46 suite of components consists of the browser along with the following tools
Outlook Express for e-mail readingFrontPage Express for authoring of HTML Web pagesNet Meeting for collaboration
Netscape Navigator 46 suite consists of the browser plus the following componentsMessenger for e-mail readingComposer for authoring HTML Web pagesCollabora for news offeringsCalendar for personal and group schedulingNetcaster for push delivery of Web pages
16copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web Servers A Software Program
http daemon in Unix http service in Windows NT Functions
service HTTP requestsprovide access control determining who can access
particular directories or files on the Web serverrun scripts and external programs to either add
functionality to the Web documents or provide real-time access to database and other dynamic data
enable management and administration of both the server functions and the contents of the Web site
log transactions that the user makes Distinguished by
platforms performance security and commerce
17copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet SecurityCornerstones of Security
Authenticitythe sender (either client or server) of a message is who he she or
it claims to be Privacy
the contents of a message are secret and only known to the sender and receiver
Integritythe contents of a message are not modified (intentionally or
accidentally) during transmission Non-repudiation
the sender of a message cannot deny that he she or it actually sent the message
18copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Private Key Private Key
Encryption
Private Key Encryption (Symmetrical Key Encryption)Data Encryption Standard (DES) is the most widely used
symmetrical encryption algorithm
19copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Public Key Encryption (Asymmetrical Key Encryption)
Encryption (cont)
20copy Prentice Hall 2000
Encryption (cont)
Digital Envelope mdash combination of symmetrical and public key encryption
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Session Key Session Key
Public key of Recipient
Public key of RecipientSession Key Session KeyDigital Envelop
21copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Digital Signatures Authenticity and Non-Denial
Signature Signature
Private Key of Sender
Public Key of Sender
CipheredText
Encryption (cont)
22copy Prentice Hall 2000
Digital Certificates andCertifying Authorities
Digital Certificates Verify the holder of a public and private key is who he
she or it claims to beCertifying Authorities (CA)
Issue digital certificates Verify the information and creates a certificate that
contains the applicantrsquos public key along with identifying information
Uses their private key to encrypt the certificate and sends the signed certificate to the applicant
23copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
A protocol that operates at the TCPIP layerEncrypts communications between browsers
and serversSupports a variety of encryption algorithms
and authentication methodsEncrypts credit card numbers that are sent
from a consumerrsquos browser to a merchantsrsquo Web site
24copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
A cryptographic protocol to handle the complete transaction
Provides authentication confidentiality message integrity and linkage
Supporting features Cardholder registration Merchant registration Purchase requests Payment authorizations Payment capture
Chargebacks Credits Credit reversal Debit card transactions
25copy Prentice Hall 2000
Access Control
Password Protection Passwords are notoriously susceptible to
compromiseUsers have a habit of sharing their passwords with
others writing them down where others can see them and choosing passwords that are easily guessed
Browser transmits the passwords in a form that is easily intercepted and decoded By making sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder only has restricted access to the rest of the network which is one of the roles of a firewall
26copy Prentice Hall 2000
Firewalls A network node consisting of both hardware and software that isolates
a private network from a public network Make sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder
only has restricted access to the rest of the network Two types
Dual-homed gatewaybastion gateway connects a private internal network to outside Internetproxies (software programs) run on the gateway server and pass
repackaged packets from one network to the other Screen-host gateway
screened subnet gateway in which the bastion gateway offers access to a small segment of the internal network
demilitarized zone is the open subnet
27copy Prentice Hall 2000
Screened Subnet Firewall
InternetRouter Local
Network
BastionHost
ProxiesFTP HTTP
NNTPTelnet
Router
FTP Server
Web Server
copy Prentice Hall 2000
28copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
A VPN combines encryption authentication and protocol tunneling to provide secure transport of private communications over the public Internet Itrsquos as if the Internet becomes part of a larger enterprise wide area network (WAN) In this way transmission costs are drastically reduced because workers can access enterprise data by making a local call into an ISP rather than using a long distance phone call
29copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
Real challenge of a VPN To ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data transmitted
over the Internet
Protocol tunneling Support multi-protocol networking To encrypt and encapsulate the data being transmitted Types of protocol mdash being used to carry out protocol tunneling
protocols are aimed primarily at site-to-site VPNs (eg IPV6)protocols are used to support VPNs that provide employees
customers and others with dial-up access via an ISP (eg Microsoftrsquos Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP))
30copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the WebFunction Requirements for an Electronic Storefront
Search for discover and compare products for purchase Select a product to be purchased and negotiate or determine its total
price Place an order for desired products Have their order confirmed ensuring that the desired product is
available Pay for the ordered products (usually through some form of credit) Verify their credit and approve their purchase Have orders processed Verify that the product has been shipped Request post-sales support or provide feedback to the seller
31copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the Web (cont)
Electronic storefront must contain A merchant system or storefront that provides the
merchantrsquos catalog with products prices and promotions
A transaction system for processing orders and payments and other aspects of the transaction
A payment gateway that routes payments through existing financial systems primarily for the purpose of credit card authorization and settlement
32copy Prentice Hall 2000
Outsourcing Vs Insourcing Insourcingmdash build and run the electronic storefront inhouse
Large companies wanting bull to ldquoexperimentrdquo with e-commerce without a great investmentbull to protect their own internal networksbull to rely on experts to establish their sites
Outsourcingmdash contract with an outside firmSmaller or medium sized companies with few IT staff and smaller
budgetsThree types of providers
bull Internet Mallsmdash offers cross-selling from one store to another and provides a common payment structure
bull Internet Service Providersmdash focused on operating a secure transaction environment not on store content
bull Telecommunication Companiesmdash includes the full range of e-commerce solutions
33copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers
The virtual equivalents of traditional product catalogs Commonly include
Templates or wizards for creating a storefront and catalog pages with pictures describing products for sale
Electronic shopping carts that enable consumers to gather items of interest until they are ready for checkout
Web-based order forms for making secure purchases (either through a SSL or a SET)
Database for maintaining product descriptions and pricing as well as customer orders
Integration with third party software for calculating taxes and shipping costs and for handling distribution and fulfillment
34copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Internet
WebServer
FinancialNetwork
Merchant Server Architecture
3rd PartyApplications
WebBrowser
StoreHTML Pages
MerchantServer
DatabaseCatalogOrder
copy Prentice Hall 2000
35copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Two of the best known products in this category iCat Electronic Commerce Suite
Standard edition includesbull Catalog templatesbull Shopping cartsbull Product searching
Professional edition provides support forbull High-end databasesbull Integration with ISAPI and Netscapes NSAPIbull Options for third-party plug-ins for searching user tracking sale
pricing discounting etc
bull Cross sellingbull Secure payment processing
36copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Microsoftrsquos Site Server Commerce EditionFeatures of this product are
bull Commerce Sample Sites providing templates for complete applicationsbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet supporting a variety of digital currenciesbull Site Builder Wizard for stores with multi-level departmentsbull Commerce Server Software Development Kit (SDK) for developing custom-
order processingbull Order processing pipeline for managing orders according to specified
business rulesbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet Software Development Kit (SDK) for supporting a variety of
digital payment schemesbull Promotion and Cross-selling Manager for administering a range of
specialized promotions discountscross-selling opportunitiesbull Integration with Microsoftrsquos Web site development (eg Visual InterDev) and
administrative tools (eg NT Security Support)
37copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Commerce Suites Offer merchants greater flexibility specialization
customization and integration in supporting complete front and back-office functionality
Internet
CatalogApplicationCustomer
ManagementRegistration
Profiles Service
Order CaptureCompletion Fulfillment
SystemsPayment
Processing(SET amp Purchase
Order)
CatalogDatabase
CustomerDatabase
OrderDatabase
PaymentDatabase
FinancialNetwork
WebBrowser Web
Server
Open Market E-Commerce Server Architecture
38copy Prentice Hall 2000
Open Market (wwwopenmarketcom)
One of the market leaders in the electronic commerce software segment
Provides a compete set of end-to-end transaction services includingAnalysis and ProfilingDemand GenerationOrder ManagementFulfillmentPaymentSelf-ServiceCustomer ServiceReporting
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
5copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Network Architecture
NAP
NAPNAP
NAP
ISP
ISPISP
ISP
ISP ISP
ISP
ISP
ISP
ISP
0
Backbone5
copy Prentice Hall 2000
6copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet ProtocolsProtocols - A set of rules that determine how two
computers communicate with one another over a network The protocols embody a series of design principles
Interoperablemdash the system supports computers and software from different vendors For e-commerce this means that the customers or businesses are not required to buy specific systems in order to conduct business
Layeredmdash the collection of Internet protocols work in layers with each layer building on the layers at lower levels
Simplemdash each of the layers in the architecture provides only a few functions or operations This means that application programmers are hidden from the complexities of the underlying hardware
End-to-Endmdash the Internet is based on ldquoend-to-endrdquo protocols This means that the interpretation of the data happens at the application layer and not at the network layers Itrsquos much like the post office
7copy Prentice Hall 2000
TCPIP Architecture
Application LayerFTP HTTP Telnet NNTP
Transport LayerTransmission
Control Protocol(TCP)
UserDatagram Protocol
(UDP)Internet Protocol
(IP)
Network Interface Layer
Physical Layer
copy Prentice Hall 2000
8copy Prentice Hall 2000
TCPIP
Solves the global internetworking problemTransmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Ensures that 2 computers can communicate with one another in a reliable fashion
Internet Protocol (IP) Formats the packets and assigns addresses
packets are labeled with the addresses of the sending and receiving computers
1999 version is version 4 (IPv4) Version 6 (IPv6) has just begun to be adopted
9copy Prentice Hall 2000
Domain NamesReference particular computers on the InternetDivided into segments separated by periods
For example in the case of ldquowwwmicrosoftcomrdquoldquowwwrdquo is the specific computerldquocomrdquo is the top level domainldquomicrosoftrdquo is the subdomain
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)controls the domain name system
Network Solutions Inc (NSI)issues and administers domain names for most of the top level
domains
10copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet ClientServer ApplicationsApplication Protocol PurposeE-mail Allows the transmission of text
messages and binary attachments across the Internet
Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP)Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3)Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
File Transfer
File Transfer Protocol (TP) Enables files to be uploaded and downloaded across the Internet
Chat Internet Relay Chat Protocol (IRC) Provides a way for users to talk to one another in real-time over the Internet The real-time chat groups are called channels
UseNet Newsgroups
Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) Discussion forums where users can asynchronously post messages and read messages posted by others
World Wide Web (Web)
Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) Offers access to hypertext documents executable programs and other Internet resources
11copy Prentice Hall 2000
New World Network Internet2 Two consortiums are in the process of
constructing the lsquonew world networkrsquo The University Corporation for Advanced Internet
Development (UCAID) wwwucaideduBuilding a leading edge research network called Internet2Based on a series of interconnected gigapops
bull interconnected by the National Science Foundationrsquos very high performance Backbone Network (vBNS) infrastructure
Goals of Internet2bull to connect universities so that a 30 volume encyclopedia
could be transmitted in less than secondbull to support applications like distance learning digital
libraries video teleconferencing teleimmersion and collaborative tools and virtual laboratories
12copy Prentice Hall 2000
New World Network Next Generation Internet
Next Generation Internet (NGI)Government initiated and sponsoredStarted by the Clinton Administration this initiative includes
government research agencies such as bull the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)bull the Department of Energybull the National Science Foundation (NSF)bull the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)bull the National Institute of Standards and Technology
Aim of the NGIbull to support next generation applications like health care national security
energy research biomedical research and environmental monitoring
13copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web-based ClientServerWeb browsers servers need as way to
Locate each other so they can send requests and responses back and forth
Communicate with one anotherUniform Resource Locators (URLs)
A new addressing scheme Ubiquitous appearing on the web in print on billboards
on TV and anywhere else a company can advertise Default syntax - wwwAnywhereCom Complete syntax - access-methodserver-name[port]directoryfile
14copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web-based ClientServer (cont)
Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) A new protocol Lightweight stateless protocol that browsers and
servers use to converse with one another Statelessness - every request that a browser makes opens a
new connection that is immediately closed after the document is returnedrepresents a substantial problem for e-commerce applicationsan individual user is likely to have a series of interactions with the
application MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension)
describes the contents of the documentin the case of an HTML page the header is ldquoContent-type texthtmlrdquo
15copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web Browsers (1999 Generation)
IE 46 suite of components consists of the browser along with the following tools
Outlook Express for e-mail readingFrontPage Express for authoring of HTML Web pagesNet Meeting for collaboration
Netscape Navigator 46 suite consists of the browser plus the following componentsMessenger for e-mail readingComposer for authoring HTML Web pagesCollabora for news offeringsCalendar for personal and group schedulingNetcaster for push delivery of Web pages
16copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web Servers A Software Program
http daemon in Unix http service in Windows NT Functions
service HTTP requestsprovide access control determining who can access
particular directories or files on the Web serverrun scripts and external programs to either add
functionality to the Web documents or provide real-time access to database and other dynamic data
enable management and administration of both the server functions and the contents of the Web site
log transactions that the user makes Distinguished by
platforms performance security and commerce
17copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet SecurityCornerstones of Security
Authenticitythe sender (either client or server) of a message is who he she or
it claims to be Privacy
the contents of a message are secret and only known to the sender and receiver
Integritythe contents of a message are not modified (intentionally or
accidentally) during transmission Non-repudiation
the sender of a message cannot deny that he she or it actually sent the message
18copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Private Key Private Key
Encryption
Private Key Encryption (Symmetrical Key Encryption)Data Encryption Standard (DES) is the most widely used
symmetrical encryption algorithm
19copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Public Key Encryption (Asymmetrical Key Encryption)
Encryption (cont)
20copy Prentice Hall 2000
Encryption (cont)
Digital Envelope mdash combination of symmetrical and public key encryption
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Session Key Session Key
Public key of Recipient
Public key of RecipientSession Key Session KeyDigital Envelop
21copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Digital Signatures Authenticity and Non-Denial
Signature Signature
Private Key of Sender
Public Key of Sender
CipheredText
Encryption (cont)
22copy Prentice Hall 2000
Digital Certificates andCertifying Authorities
Digital Certificates Verify the holder of a public and private key is who he
she or it claims to beCertifying Authorities (CA)
Issue digital certificates Verify the information and creates a certificate that
contains the applicantrsquos public key along with identifying information
Uses their private key to encrypt the certificate and sends the signed certificate to the applicant
23copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
A protocol that operates at the TCPIP layerEncrypts communications between browsers
and serversSupports a variety of encryption algorithms
and authentication methodsEncrypts credit card numbers that are sent
from a consumerrsquos browser to a merchantsrsquo Web site
24copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
A cryptographic protocol to handle the complete transaction
Provides authentication confidentiality message integrity and linkage
Supporting features Cardholder registration Merchant registration Purchase requests Payment authorizations Payment capture
Chargebacks Credits Credit reversal Debit card transactions
25copy Prentice Hall 2000
Access Control
Password Protection Passwords are notoriously susceptible to
compromiseUsers have a habit of sharing their passwords with
others writing them down where others can see them and choosing passwords that are easily guessed
Browser transmits the passwords in a form that is easily intercepted and decoded By making sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder only has restricted access to the rest of the network which is one of the roles of a firewall
26copy Prentice Hall 2000
Firewalls A network node consisting of both hardware and software that isolates
a private network from a public network Make sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder
only has restricted access to the rest of the network Two types
Dual-homed gatewaybastion gateway connects a private internal network to outside Internetproxies (software programs) run on the gateway server and pass
repackaged packets from one network to the other Screen-host gateway
screened subnet gateway in which the bastion gateway offers access to a small segment of the internal network
demilitarized zone is the open subnet
27copy Prentice Hall 2000
Screened Subnet Firewall
InternetRouter Local
Network
BastionHost
ProxiesFTP HTTP
NNTPTelnet
Router
FTP Server
Web Server
copy Prentice Hall 2000
28copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
A VPN combines encryption authentication and protocol tunneling to provide secure transport of private communications over the public Internet Itrsquos as if the Internet becomes part of a larger enterprise wide area network (WAN) In this way transmission costs are drastically reduced because workers can access enterprise data by making a local call into an ISP rather than using a long distance phone call
29copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
Real challenge of a VPN To ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data transmitted
over the Internet
Protocol tunneling Support multi-protocol networking To encrypt and encapsulate the data being transmitted Types of protocol mdash being used to carry out protocol tunneling
protocols are aimed primarily at site-to-site VPNs (eg IPV6)protocols are used to support VPNs that provide employees
customers and others with dial-up access via an ISP (eg Microsoftrsquos Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP))
30copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the WebFunction Requirements for an Electronic Storefront
Search for discover and compare products for purchase Select a product to be purchased and negotiate or determine its total
price Place an order for desired products Have their order confirmed ensuring that the desired product is
available Pay for the ordered products (usually through some form of credit) Verify their credit and approve their purchase Have orders processed Verify that the product has been shipped Request post-sales support or provide feedback to the seller
31copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the Web (cont)
Electronic storefront must contain A merchant system or storefront that provides the
merchantrsquos catalog with products prices and promotions
A transaction system for processing orders and payments and other aspects of the transaction
A payment gateway that routes payments through existing financial systems primarily for the purpose of credit card authorization and settlement
32copy Prentice Hall 2000
Outsourcing Vs Insourcing Insourcingmdash build and run the electronic storefront inhouse
Large companies wanting bull to ldquoexperimentrdquo with e-commerce without a great investmentbull to protect their own internal networksbull to rely on experts to establish their sites
Outsourcingmdash contract with an outside firmSmaller or medium sized companies with few IT staff and smaller
budgetsThree types of providers
bull Internet Mallsmdash offers cross-selling from one store to another and provides a common payment structure
bull Internet Service Providersmdash focused on operating a secure transaction environment not on store content
bull Telecommunication Companiesmdash includes the full range of e-commerce solutions
33copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers
The virtual equivalents of traditional product catalogs Commonly include
Templates or wizards for creating a storefront and catalog pages with pictures describing products for sale
Electronic shopping carts that enable consumers to gather items of interest until they are ready for checkout
Web-based order forms for making secure purchases (either through a SSL or a SET)
Database for maintaining product descriptions and pricing as well as customer orders
Integration with third party software for calculating taxes and shipping costs and for handling distribution and fulfillment
34copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Internet
WebServer
FinancialNetwork
Merchant Server Architecture
3rd PartyApplications
WebBrowser
StoreHTML Pages
MerchantServer
DatabaseCatalogOrder
copy Prentice Hall 2000
35copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Two of the best known products in this category iCat Electronic Commerce Suite
Standard edition includesbull Catalog templatesbull Shopping cartsbull Product searching
Professional edition provides support forbull High-end databasesbull Integration with ISAPI and Netscapes NSAPIbull Options for third-party plug-ins for searching user tracking sale
pricing discounting etc
bull Cross sellingbull Secure payment processing
36copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Microsoftrsquos Site Server Commerce EditionFeatures of this product are
bull Commerce Sample Sites providing templates for complete applicationsbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet supporting a variety of digital currenciesbull Site Builder Wizard for stores with multi-level departmentsbull Commerce Server Software Development Kit (SDK) for developing custom-
order processingbull Order processing pipeline for managing orders according to specified
business rulesbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet Software Development Kit (SDK) for supporting a variety of
digital payment schemesbull Promotion and Cross-selling Manager for administering a range of
specialized promotions discountscross-selling opportunitiesbull Integration with Microsoftrsquos Web site development (eg Visual InterDev) and
administrative tools (eg NT Security Support)
37copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Commerce Suites Offer merchants greater flexibility specialization
customization and integration in supporting complete front and back-office functionality
Internet
CatalogApplicationCustomer
ManagementRegistration
Profiles Service
Order CaptureCompletion Fulfillment
SystemsPayment
Processing(SET amp Purchase
Order)
CatalogDatabase
CustomerDatabase
OrderDatabase
PaymentDatabase
FinancialNetwork
WebBrowser Web
Server
Open Market E-Commerce Server Architecture
38copy Prentice Hall 2000
Open Market (wwwopenmarketcom)
One of the market leaders in the electronic commerce software segment
Provides a compete set of end-to-end transaction services includingAnalysis and ProfilingDemand GenerationOrder ManagementFulfillmentPaymentSelf-ServiceCustomer ServiceReporting
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
6copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet ProtocolsProtocols - A set of rules that determine how two
computers communicate with one another over a network The protocols embody a series of design principles
Interoperablemdash the system supports computers and software from different vendors For e-commerce this means that the customers or businesses are not required to buy specific systems in order to conduct business
Layeredmdash the collection of Internet protocols work in layers with each layer building on the layers at lower levels
Simplemdash each of the layers in the architecture provides only a few functions or operations This means that application programmers are hidden from the complexities of the underlying hardware
End-to-Endmdash the Internet is based on ldquoend-to-endrdquo protocols This means that the interpretation of the data happens at the application layer and not at the network layers Itrsquos much like the post office
7copy Prentice Hall 2000
TCPIP Architecture
Application LayerFTP HTTP Telnet NNTP
Transport LayerTransmission
Control Protocol(TCP)
UserDatagram Protocol
(UDP)Internet Protocol
(IP)
Network Interface Layer
Physical Layer
copy Prentice Hall 2000
8copy Prentice Hall 2000
TCPIP
Solves the global internetworking problemTransmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Ensures that 2 computers can communicate with one another in a reliable fashion
Internet Protocol (IP) Formats the packets and assigns addresses
packets are labeled with the addresses of the sending and receiving computers
1999 version is version 4 (IPv4) Version 6 (IPv6) has just begun to be adopted
9copy Prentice Hall 2000
Domain NamesReference particular computers on the InternetDivided into segments separated by periods
For example in the case of ldquowwwmicrosoftcomrdquoldquowwwrdquo is the specific computerldquocomrdquo is the top level domainldquomicrosoftrdquo is the subdomain
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)controls the domain name system
Network Solutions Inc (NSI)issues and administers domain names for most of the top level
domains
10copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet ClientServer ApplicationsApplication Protocol PurposeE-mail Allows the transmission of text
messages and binary attachments across the Internet
Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP)Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3)Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
File Transfer
File Transfer Protocol (TP) Enables files to be uploaded and downloaded across the Internet
Chat Internet Relay Chat Protocol (IRC) Provides a way for users to talk to one another in real-time over the Internet The real-time chat groups are called channels
UseNet Newsgroups
Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) Discussion forums where users can asynchronously post messages and read messages posted by others
World Wide Web (Web)
Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) Offers access to hypertext documents executable programs and other Internet resources
11copy Prentice Hall 2000
New World Network Internet2 Two consortiums are in the process of
constructing the lsquonew world networkrsquo The University Corporation for Advanced Internet
Development (UCAID) wwwucaideduBuilding a leading edge research network called Internet2Based on a series of interconnected gigapops
bull interconnected by the National Science Foundationrsquos very high performance Backbone Network (vBNS) infrastructure
Goals of Internet2bull to connect universities so that a 30 volume encyclopedia
could be transmitted in less than secondbull to support applications like distance learning digital
libraries video teleconferencing teleimmersion and collaborative tools and virtual laboratories
12copy Prentice Hall 2000
New World Network Next Generation Internet
Next Generation Internet (NGI)Government initiated and sponsoredStarted by the Clinton Administration this initiative includes
government research agencies such as bull the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)bull the Department of Energybull the National Science Foundation (NSF)bull the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)bull the National Institute of Standards and Technology
Aim of the NGIbull to support next generation applications like health care national security
energy research biomedical research and environmental monitoring
13copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web-based ClientServerWeb browsers servers need as way to
Locate each other so they can send requests and responses back and forth
Communicate with one anotherUniform Resource Locators (URLs)
A new addressing scheme Ubiquitous appearing on the web in print on billboards
on TV and anywhere else a company can advertise Default syntax - wwwAnywhereCom Complete syntax - access-methodserver-name[port]directoryfile
14copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web-based ClientServer (cont)
Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) A new protocol Lightweight stateless protocol that browsers and
servers use to converse with one another Statelessness - every request that a browser makes opens a
new connection that is immediately closed after the document is returnedrepresents a substantial problem for e-commerce applicationsan individual user is likely to have a series of interactions with the
application MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension)
describes the contents of the documentin the case of an HTML page the header is ldquoContent-type texthtmlrdquo
15copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web Browsers (1999 Generation)
IE 46 suite of components consists of the browser along with the following tools
Outlook Express for e-mail readingFrontPage Express for authoring of HTML Web pagesNet Meeting for collaboration
Netscape Navigator 46 suite consists of the browser plus the following componentsMessenger for e-mail readingComposer for authoring HTML Web pagesCollabora for news offeringsCalendar for personal and group schedulingNetcaster for push delivery of Web pages
16copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web Servers A Software Program
http daemon in Unix http service in Windows NT Functions
service HTTP requestsprovide access control determining who can access
particular directories or files on the Web serverrun scripts and external programs to either add
functionality to the Web documents or provide real-time access to database and other dynamic data
enable management and administration of both the server functions and the contents of the Web site
log transactions that the user makes Distinguished by
platforms performance security and commerce
17copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet SecurityCornerstones of Security
Authenticitythe sender (either client or server) of a message is who he she or
it claims to be Privacy
the contents of a message are secret and only known to the sender and receiver
Integritythe contents of a message are not modified (intentionally or
accidentally) during transmission Non-repudiation
the sender of a message cannot deny that he she or it actually sent the message
18copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Private Key Private Key
Encryption
Private Key Encryption (Symmetrical Key Encryption)Data Encryption Standard (DES) is the most widely used
symmetrical encryption algorithm
19copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Public Key Encryption (Asymmetrical Key Encryption)
Encryption (cont)
20copy Prentice Hall 2000
Encryption (cont)
Digital Envelope mdash combination of symmetrical and public key encryption
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Session Key Session Key
Public key of Recipient
Public key of RecipientSession Key Session KeyDigital Envelop
21copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Digital Signatures Authenticity and Non-Denial
Signature Signature
Private Key of Sender
Public Key of Sender
CipheredText
Encryption (cont)
22copy Prentice Hall 2000
Digital Certificates andCertifying Authorities
Digital Certificates Verify the holder of a public and private key is who he
she or it claims to beCertifying Authorities (CA)
Issue digital certificates Verify the information and creates a certificate that
contains the applicantrsquos public key along with identifying information
Uses their private key to encrypt the certificate and sends the signed certificate to the applicant
23copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
A protocol that operates at the TCPIP layerEncrypts communications between browsers
and serversSupports a variety of encryption algorithms
and authentication methodsEncrypts credit card numbers that are sent
from a consumerrsquos browser to a merchantsrsquo Web site
24copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
A cryptographic protocol to handle the complete transaction
Provides authentication confidentiality message integrity and linkage
Supporting features Cardholder registration Merchant registration Purchase requests Payment authorizations Payment capture
Chargebacks Credits Credit reversal Debit card transactions
25copy Prentice Hall 2000
Access Control
Password Protection Passwords are notoriously susceptible to
compromiseUsers have a habit of sharing their passwords with
others writing them down where others can see them and choosing passwords that are easily guessed
Browser transmits the passwords in a form that is easily intercepted and decoded By making sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder only has restricted access to the rest of the network which is one of the roles of a firewall
26copy Prentice Hall 2000
Firewalls A network node consisting of both hardware and software that isolates
a private network from a public network Make sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder
only has restricted access to the rest of the network Two types
Dual-homed gatewaybastion gateway connects a private internal network to outside Internetproxies (software programs) run on the gateway server and pass
repackaged packets from one network to the other Screen-host gateway
screened subnet gateway in which the bastion gateway offers access to a small segment of the internal network
demilitarized zone is the open subnet
27copy Prentice Hall 2000
Screened Subnet Firewall
InternetRouter Local
Network
BastionHost
ProxiesFTP HTTP
NNTPTelnet
Router
FTP Server
Web Server
copy Prentice Hall 2000
28copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
A VPN combines encryption authentication and protocol tunneling to provide secure transport of private communications over the public Internet Itrsquos as if the Internet becomes part of a larger enterprise wide area network (WAN) In this way transmission costs are drastically reduced because workers can access enterprise data by making a local call into an ISP rather than using a long distance phone call
29copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
Real challenge of a VPN To ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data transmitted
over the Internet
Protocol tunneling Support multi-protocol networking To encrypt and encapsulate the data being transmitted Types of protocol mdash being used to carry out protocol tunneling
protocols are aimed primarily at site-to-site VPNs (eg IPV6)protocols are used to support VPNs that provide employees
customers and others with dial-up access via an ISP (eg Microsoftrsquos Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP))
30copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the WebFunction Requirements for an Electronic Storefront
Search for discover and compare products for purchase Select a product to be purchased and negotiate or determine its total
price Place an order for desired products Have their order confirmed ensuring that the desired product is
available Pay for the ordered products (usually through some form of credit) Verify their credit and approve their purchase Have orders processed Verify that the product has been shipped Request post-sales support or provide feedback to the seller
31copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the Web (cont)
Electronic storefront must contain A merchant system or storefront that provides the
merchantrsquos catalog with products prices and promotions
A transaction system for processing orders and payments and other aspects of the transaction
A payment gateway that routes payments through existing financial systems primarily for the purpose of credit card authorization and settlement
32copy Prentice Hall 2000
Outsourcing Vs Insourcing Insourcingmdash build and run the electronic storefront inhouse
Large companies wanting bull to ldquoexperimentrdquo with e-commerce without a great investmentbull to protect their own internal networksbull to rely on experts to establish their sites
Outsourcingmdash contract with an outside firmSmaller or medium sized companies with few IT staff and smaller
budgetsThree types of providers
bull Internet Mallsmdash offers cross-selling from one store to another and provides a common payment structure
bull Internet Service Providersmdash focused on operating a secure transaction environment not on store content
bull Telecommunication Companiesmdash includes the full range of e-commerce solutions
33copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers
The virtual equivalents of traditional product catalogs Commonly include
Templates or wizards for creating a storefront and catalog pages with pictures describing products for sale
Electronic shopping carts that enable consumers to gather items of interest until they are ready for checkout
Web-based order forms for making secure purchases (either through a SSL or a SET)
Database for maintaining product descriptions and pricing as well as customer orders
Integration with third party software for calculating taxes and shipping costs and for handling distribution and fulfillment
34copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Internet
WebServer
FinancialNetwork
Merchant Server Architecture
3rd PartyApplications
WebBrowser
StoreHTML Pages
MerchantServer
DatabaseCatalogOrder
copy Prentice Hall 2000
35copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Two of the best known products in this category iCat Electronic Commerce Suite
Standard edition includesbull Catalog templatesbull Shopping cartsbull Product searching
Professional edition provides support forbull High-end databasesbull Integration with ISAPI and Netscapes NSAPIbull Options for third-party plug-ins for searching user tracking sale
pricing discounting etc
bull Cross sellingbull Secure payment processing
36copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Microsoftrsquos Site Server Commerce EditionFeatures of this product are
bull Commerce Sample Sites providing templates for complete applicationsbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet supporting a variety of digital currenciesbull Site Builder Wizard for stores with multi-level departmentsbull Commerce Server Software Development Kit (SDK) for developing custom-
order processingbull Order processing pipeline for managing orders according to specified
business rulesbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet Software Development Kit (SDK) for supporting a variety of
digital payment schemesbull Promotion and Cross-selling Manager for administering a range of
specialized promotions discountscross-selling opportunitiesbull Integration with Microsoftrsquos Web site development (eg Visual InterDev) and
administrative tools (eg NT Security Support)
37copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Commerce Suites Offer merchants greater flexibility specialization
customization and integration in supporting complete front and back-office functionality
Internet
CatalogApplicationCustomer
ManagementRegistration
Profiles Service
Order CaptureCompletion Fulfillment
SystemsPayment
Processing(SET amp Purchase
Order)
CatalogDatabase
CustomerDatabase
OrderDatabase
PaymentDatabase
FinancialNetwork
WebBrowser Web
Server
Open Market E-Commerce Server Architecture
38copy Prentice Hall 2000
Open Market (wwwopenmarketcom)
One of the market leaders in the electronic commerce software segment
Provides a compete set of end-to-end transaction services includingAnalysis and ProfilingDemand GenerationOrder ManagementFulfillmentPaymentSelf-ServiceCustomer ServiceReporting
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
7copy Prentice Hall 2000
TCPIP Architecture
Application LayerFTP HTTP Telnet NNTP
Transport LayerTransmission
Control Protocol(TCP)
UserDatagram Protocol
(UDP)Internet Protocol
(IP)
Network Interface Layer
Physical Layer
copy Prentice Hall 2000
8copy Prentice Hall 2000
TCPIP
Solves the global internetworking problemTransmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Ensures that 2 computers can communicate with one another in a reliable fashion
Internet Protocol (IP) Formats the packets and assigns addresses
packets are labeled with the addresses of the sending and receiving computers
1999 version is version 4 (IPv4) Version 6 (IPv6) has just begun to be adopted
9copy Prentice Hall 2000
Domain NamesReference particular computers on the InternetDivided into segments separated by periods
For example in the case of ldquowwwmicrosoftcomrdquoldquowwwrdquo is the specific computerldquocomrdquo is the top level domainldquomicrosoftrdquo is the subdomain
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)controls the domain name system
Network Solutions Inc (NSI)issues and administers domain names for most of the top level
domains
10copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet ClientServer ApplicationsApplication Protocol PurposeE-mail Allows the transmission of text
messages and binary attachments across the Internet
Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP)Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3)Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
File Transfer
File Transfer Protocol (TP) Enables files to be uploaded and downloaded across the Internet
Chat Internet Relay Chat Protocol (IRC) Provides a way for users to talk to one another in real-time over the Internet The real-time chat groups are called channels
UseNet Newsgroups
Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) Discussion forums where users can asynchronously post messages and read messages posted by others
World Wide Web (Web)
Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) Offers access to hypertext documents executable programs and other Internet resources
11copy Prentice Hall 2000
New World Network Internet2 Two consortiums are in the process of
constructing the lsquonew world networkrsquo The University Corporation for Advanced Internet
Development (UCAID) wwwucaideduBuilding a leading edge research network called Internet2Based on a series of interconnected gigapops
bull interconnected by the National Science Foundationrsquos very high performance Backbone Network (vBNS) infrastructure
Goals of Internet2bull to connect universities so that a 30 volume encyclopedia
could be transmitted in less than secondbull to support applications like distance learning digital
libraries video teleconferencing teleimmersion and collaborative tools and virtual laboratories
12copy Prentice Hall 2000
New World Network Next Generation Internet
Next Generation Internet (NGI)Government initiated and sponsoredStarted by the Clinton Administration this initiative includes
government research agencies such as bull the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)bull the Department of Energybull the National Science Foundation (NSF)bull the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)bull the National Institute of Standards and Technology
Aim of the NGIbull to support next generation applications like health care national security
energy research biomedical research and environmental monitoring
13copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web-based ClientServerWeb browsers servers need as way to
Locate each other so they can send requests and responses back and forth
Communicate with one anotherUniform Resource Locators (URLs)
A new addressing scheme Ubiquitous appearing on the web in print on billboards
on TV and anywhere else a company can advertise Default syntax - wwwAnywhereCom Complete syntax - access-methodserver-name[port]directoryfile
14copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web-based ClientServer (cont)
Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) A new protocol Lightweight stateless protocol that browsers and
servers use to converse with one another Statelessness - every request that a browser makes opens a
new connection that is immediately closed after the document is returnedrepresents a substantial problem for e-commerce applicationsan individual user is likely to have a series of interactions with the
application MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension)
describes the contents of the documentin the case of an HTML page the header is ldquoContent-type texthtmlrdquo
15copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web Browsers (1999 Generation)
IE 46 suite of components consists of the browser along with the following tools
Outlook Express for e-mail readingFrontPage Express for authoring of HTML Web pagesNet Meeting for collaboration
Netscape Navigator 46 suite consists of the browser plus the following componentsMessenger for e-mail readingComposer for authoring HTML Web pagesCollabora for news offeringsCalendar for personal and group schedulingNetcaster for push delivery of Web pages
16copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web Servers A Software Program
http daemon in Unix http service in Windows NT Functions
service HTTP requestsprovide access control determining who can access
particular directories or files on the Web serverrun scripts and external programs to either add
functionality to the Web documents or provide real-time access to database and other dynamic data
enable management and administration of both the server functions and the contents of the Web site
log transactions that the user makes Distinguished by
platforms performance security and commerce
17copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet SecurityCornerstones of Security
Authenticitythe sender (either client or server) of a message is who he she or
it claims to be Privacy
the contents of a message are secret and only known to the sender and receiver
Integritythe contents of a message are not modified (intentionally or
accidentally) during transmission Non-repudiation
the sender of a message cannot deny that he she or it actually sent the message
18copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Private Key Private Key
Encryption
Private Key Encryption (Symmetrical Key Encryption)Data Encryption Standard (DES) is the most widely used
symmetrical encryption algorithm
19copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Public Key Encryption (Asymmetrical Key Encryption)
Encryption (cont)
20copy Prentice Hall 2000
Encryption (cont)
Digital Envelope mdash combination of symmetrical and public key encryption
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Session Key Session Key
Public key of Recipient
Public key of RecipientSession Key Session KeyDigital Envelop
21copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Digital Signatures Authenticity and Non-Denial
Signature Signature
Private Key of Sender
Public Key of Sender
CipheredText
Encryption (cont)
22copy Prentice Hall 2000
Digital Certificates andCertifying Authorities
Digital Certificates Verify the holder of a public and private key is who he
she or it claims to beCertifying Authorities (CA)
Issue digital certificates Verify the information and creates a certificate that
contains the applicantrsquos public key along with identifying information
Uses their private key to encrypt the certificate and sends the signed certificate to the applicant
23copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
A protocol that operates at the TCPIP layerEncrypts communications between browsers
and serversSupports a variety of encryption algorithms
and authentication methodsEncrypts credit card numbers that are sent
from a consumerrsquos browser to a merchantsrsquo Web site
24copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
A cryptographic protocol to handle the complete transaction
Provides authentication confidentiality message integrity and linkage
Supporting features Cardholder registration Merchant registration Purchase requests Payment authorizations Payment capture
Chargebacks Credits Credit reversal Debit card transactions
25copy Prentice Hall 2000
Access Control
Password Protection Passwords are notoriously susceptible to
compromiseUsers have a habit of sharing their passwords with
others writing them down where others can see them and choosing passwords that are easily guessed
Browser transmits the passwords in a form that is easily intercepted and decoded By making sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder only has restricted access to the rest of the network which is one of the roles of a firewall
26copy Prentice Hall 2000
Firewalls A network node consisting of both hardware and software that isolates
a private network from a public network Make sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder
only has restricted access to the rest of the network Two types
Dual-homed gatewaybastion gateway connects a private internal network to outside Internetproxies (software programs) run on the gateway server and pass
repackaged packets from one network to the other Screen-host gateway
screened subnet gateway in which the bastion gateway offers access to a small segment of the internal network
demilitarized zone is the open subnet
27copy Prentice Hall 2000
Screened Subnet Firewall
InternetRouter Local
Network
BastionHost
ProxiesFTP HTTP
NNTPTelnet
Router
FTP Server
Web Server
copy Prentice Hall 2000
28copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
A VPN combines encryption authentication and protocol tunneling to provide secure transport of private communications over the public Internet Itrsquos as if the Internet becomes part of a larger enterprise wide area network (WAN) In this way transmission costs are drastically reduced because workers can access enterprise data by making a local call into an ISP rather than using a long distance phone call
29copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
Real challenge of a VPN To ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data transmitted
over the Internet
Protocol tunneling Support multi-protocol networking To encrypt and encapsulate the data being transmitted Types of protocol mdash being used to carry out protocol tunneling
protocols are aimed primarily at site-to-site VPNs (eg IPV6)protocols are used to support VPNs that provide employees
customers and others with dial-up access via an ISP (eg Microsoftrsquos Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP))
30copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the WebFunction Requirements for an Electronic Storefront
Search for discover and compare products for purchase Select a product to be purchased and negotiate or determine its total
price Place an order for desired products Have their order confirmed ensuring that the desired product is
available Pay for the ordered products (usually through some form of credit) Verify their credit and approve their purchase Have orders processed Verify that the product has been shipped Request post-sales support or provide feedback to the seller
31copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the Web (cont)
Electronic storefront must contain A merchant system or storefront that provides the
merchantrsquos catalog with products prices and promotions
A transaction system for processing orders and payments and other aspects of the transaction
A payment gateway that routes payments through existing financial systems primarily for the purpose of credit card authorization and settlement
32copy Prentice Hall 2000
Outsourcing Vs Insourcing Insourcingmdash build and run the electronic storefront inhouse
Large companies wanting bull to ldquoexperimentrdquo with e-commerce without a great investmentbull to protect their own internal networksbull to rely on experts to establish their sites
Outsourcingmdash contract with an outside firmSmaller or medium sized companies with few IT staff and smaller
budgetsThree types of providers
bull Internet Mallsmdash offers cross-selling from one store to another and provides a common payment structure
bull Internet Service Providersmdash focused on operating a secure transaction environment not on store content
bull Telecommunication Companiesmdash includes the full range of e-commerce solutions
33copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers
The virtual equivalents of traditional product catalogs Commonly include
Templates or wizards for creating a storefront and catalog pages with pictures describing products for sale
Electronic shopping carts that enable consumers to gather items of interest until they are ready for checkout
Web-based order forms for making secure purchases (either through a SSL or a SET)
Database for maintaining product descriptions and pricing as well as customer orders
Integration with third party software for calculating taxes and shipping costs and for handling distribution and fulfillment
34copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Internet
WebServer
FinancialNetwork
Merchant Server Architecture
3rd PartyApplications
WebBrowser
StoreHTML Pages
MerchantServer
DatabaseCatalogOrder
copy Prentice Hall 2000
35copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Two of the best known products in this category iCat Electronic Commerce Suite
Standard edition includesbull Catalog templatesbull Shopping cartsbull Product searching
Professional edition provides support forbull High-end databasesbull Integration with ISAPI and Netscapes NSAPIbull Options for third-party plug-ins for searching user tracking sale
pricing discounting etc
bull Cross sellingbull Secure payment processing
36copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Microsoftrsquos Site Server Commerce EditionFeatures of this product are
bull Commerce Sample Sites providing templates for complete applicationsbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet supporting a variety of digital currenciesbull Site Builder Wizard for stores with multi-level departmentsbull Commerce Server Software Development Kit (SDK) for developing custom-
order processingbull Order processing pipeline for managing orders according to specified
business rulesbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet Software Development Kit (SDK) for supporting a variety of
digital payment schemesbull Promotion and Cross-selling Manager for administering a range of
specialized promotions discountscross-selling opportunitiesbull Integration with Microsoftrsquos Web site development (eg Visual InterDev) and
administrative tools (eg NT Security Support)
37copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Commerce Suites Offer merchants greater flexibility specialization
customization and integration in supporting complete front and back-office functionality
Internet
CatalogApplicationCustomer
ManagementRegistration
Profiles Service
Order CaptureCompletion Fulfillment
SystemsPayment
Processing(SET amp Purchase
Order)
CatalogDatabase
CustomerDatabase
OrderDatabase
PaymentDatabase
FinancialNetwork
WebBrowser Web
Server
Open Market E-Commerce Server Architecture
38copy Prentice Hall 2000
Open Market (wwwopenmarketcom)
One of the market leaders in the electronic commerce software segment
Provides a compete set of end-to-end transaction services includingAnalysis and ProfilingDemand GenerationOrder ManagementFulfillmentPaymentSelf-ServiceCustomer ServiceReporting
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
8copy Prentice Hall 2000
TCPIP
Solves the global internetworking problemTransmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Ensures that 2 computers can communicate with one another in a reliable fashion
Internet Protocol (IP) Formats the packets and assigns addresses
packets are labeled with the addresses of the sending and receiving computers
1999 version is version 4 (IPv4) Version 6 (IPv6) has just begun to be adopted
9copy Prentice Hall 2000
Domain NamesReference particular computers on the InternetDivided into segments separated by periods
For example in the case of ldquowwwmicrosoftcomrdquoldquowwwrdquo is the specific computerldquocomrdquo is the top level domainldquomicrosoftrdquo is the subdomain
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)controls the domain name system
Network Solutions Inc (NSI)issues and administers domain names for most of the top level
domains
10copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet ClientServer ApplicationsApplication Protocol PurposeE-mail Allows the transmission of text
messages and binary attachments across the Internet
Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP)Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3)Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
File Transfer
File Transfer Protocol (TP) Enables files to be uploaded and downloaded across the Internet
Chat Internet Relay Chat Protocol (IRC) Provides a way for users to talk to one another in real-time over the Internet The real-time chat groups are called channels
UseNet Newsgroups
Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) Discussion forums where users can asynchronously post messages and read messages posted by others
World Wide Web (Web)
Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) Offers access to hypertext documents executable programs and other Internet resources
11copy Prentice Hall 2000
New World Network Internet2 Two consortiums are in the process of
constructing the lsquonew world networkrsquo The University Corporation for Advanced Internet
Development (UCAID) wwwucaideduBuilding a leading edge research network called Internet2Based on a series of interconnected gigapops
bull interconnected by the National Science Foundationrsquos very high performance Backbone Network (vBNS) infrastructure
Goals of Internet2bull to connect universities so that a 30 volume encyclopedia
could be transmitted in less than secondbull to support applications like distance learning digital
libraries video teleconferencing teleimmersion and collaborative tools and virtual laboratories
12copy Prentice Hall 2000
New World Network Next Generation Internet
Next Generation Internet (NGI)Government initiated and sponsoredStarted by the Clinton Administration this initiative includes
government research agencies such as bull the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)bull the Department of Energybull the National Science Foundation (NSF)bull the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)bull the National Institute of Standards and Technology
Aim of the NGIbull to support next generation applications like health care national security
energy research biomedical research and environmental monitoring
13copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web-based ClientServerWeb browsers servers need as way to
Locate each other so they can send requests and responses back and forth
Communicate with one anotherUniform Resource Locators (URLs)
A new addressing scheme Ubiquitous appearing on the web in print on billboards
on TV and anywhere else a company can advertise Default syntax - wwwAnywhereCom Complete syntax - access-methodserver-name[port]directoryfile
14copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web-based ClientServer (cont)
Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) A new protocol Lightweight stateless protocol that browsers and
servers use to converse with one another Statelessness - every request that a browser makes opens a
new connection that is immediately closed after the document is returnedrepresents a substantial problem for e-commerce applicationsan individual user is likely to have a series of interactions with the
application MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension)
describes the contents of the documentin the case of an HTML page the header is ldquoContent-type texthtmlrdquo
15copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web Browsers (1999 Generation)
IE 46 suite of components consists of the browser along with the following tools
Outlook Express for e-mail readingFrontPage Express for authoring of HTML Web pagesNet Meeting for collaboration
Netscape Navigator 46 suite consists of the browser plus the following componentsMessenger for e-mail readingComposer for authoring HTML Web pagesCollabora for news offeringsCalendar for personal and group schedulingNetcaster for push delivery of Web pages
16copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web Servers A Software Program
http daemon in Unix http service in Windows NT Functions
service HTTP requestsprovide access control determining who can access
particular directories or files on the Web serverrun scripts and external programs to either add
functionality to the Web documents or provide real-time access to database and other dynamic data
enable management and administration of both the server functions and the contents of the Web site
log transactions that the user makes Distinguished by
platforms performance security and commerce
17copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet SecurityCornerstones of Security
Authenticitythe sender (either client or server) of a message is who he she or
it claims to be Privacy
the contents of a message are secret and only known to the sender and receiver
Integritythe contents of a message are not modified (intentionally or
accidentally) during transmission Non-repudiation
the sender of a message cannot deny that he she or it actually sent the message
18copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Private Key Private Key
Encryption
Private Key Encryption (Symmetrical Key Encryption)Data Encryption Standard (DES) is the most widely used
symmetrical encryption algorithm
19copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Public Key Encryption (Asymmetrical Key Encryption)
Encryption (cont)
20copy Prentice Hall 2000
Encryption (cont)
Digital Envelope mdash combination of symmetrical and public key encryption
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Session Key Session Key
Public key of Recipient
Public key of RecipientSession Key Session KeyDigital Envelop
21copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Digital Signatures Authenticity and Non-Denial
Signature Signature
Private Key of Sender
Public Key of Sender
CipheredText
Encryption (cont)
22copy Prentice Hall 2000
Digital Certificates andCertifying Authorities
Digital Certificates Verify the holder of a public and private key is who he
she or it claims to beCertifying Authorities (CA)
Issue digital certificates Verify the information and creates a certificate that
contains the applicantrsquos public key along with identifying information
Uses their private key to encrypt the certificate and sends the signed certificate to the applicant
23copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
A protocol that operates at the TCPIP layerEncrypts communications between browsers
and serversSupports a variety of encryption algorithms
and authentication methodsEncrypts credit card numbers that are sent
from a consumerrsquos browser to a merchantsrsquo Web site
24copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
A cryptographic protocol to handle the complete transaction
Provides authentication confidentiality message integrity and linkage
Supporting features Cardholder registration Merchant registration Purchase requests Payment authorizations Payment capture
Chargebacks Credits Credit reversal Debit card transactions
25copy Prentice Hall 2000
Access Control
Password Protection Passwords are notoriously susceptible to
compromiseUsers have a habit of sharing their passwords with
others writing them down where others can see them and choosing passwords that are easily guessed
Browser transmits the passwords in a form that is easily intercepted and decoded By making sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder only has restricted access to the rest of the network which is one of the roles of a firewall
26copy Prentice Hall 2000
Firewalls A network node consisting of both hardware and software that isolates
a private network from a public network Make sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder
only has restricted access to the rest of the network Two types
Dual-homed gatewaybastion gateway connects a private internal network to outside Internetproxies (software programs) run on the gateway server and pass
repackaged packets from one network to the other Screen-host gateway
screened subnet gateway in which the bastion gateway offers access to a small segment of the internal network
demilitarized zone is the open subnet
27copy Prentice Hall 2000
Screened Subnet Firewall
InternetRouter Local
Network
BastionHost
ProxiesFTP HTTP
NNTPTelnet
Router
FTP Server
Web Server
copy Prentice Hall 2000
28copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
A VPN combines encryption authentication and protocol tunneling to provide secure transport of private communications over the public Internet Itrsquos as if the Internet becomes part of a larger enterprise wide area network (WAN) In this way transmission costs are drastically reduced because workers can access enterprise data by making a local call into an ISP rather than using a long distance phone call
29copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
Real challenge of a VPN To ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data transmitted
over the Internet
Protocol tunneling Support multi-protocol networking To encrypt and encapsulate the data being transmitted Types of protocol mdash being used to carry out protocol tunneling
protocols are aimed primarily at site-to-site VPNs (eg IPV6)protocols are used to support VPNs that provide employees
customers and others with dial-up access via an ISP (eg Microsoftrsquos Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP))
30copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the WebFunction Requirements for an Electronic Storefront
Search for discover and compare products for purchase Select a product to be purchased and negotiate or determine its total
price Place an order for desired products Have their order confirmed ensuring that the desired product is
available Pay for the ordered products (usually through some form of credit) Verify their credit and approve their purchase Have orders processed Verify that the product has been shipped Request post-sales support or provide feedback to the seller
31copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the Web (cont)
Electronic storefront must contain A merchant system or storefront that provides the
merchantrsquos catalog with products prices and promotions
A transaction system for processing orders and payments and other aspects of the transaction
A payment gateway that routes payments through existing financial systems primarily for the purpose of credit card authorization and settlement
32copy Prentice Hall 2000
Outsourcing Vs Insourcing Insourcingmdash build and run the electronic storefront inhouse
Large companies wanting bull to ldquoexperimentrdquo with e-commerce without a great investmentbull to protect their own internal networksbull to rely on experts to establish their sites
Outsourcingmdash contract with an outside firmSmaller or medium sized companies with few IT staff and smaller
budgetsThree types of providers
bull Internet Mallsmdash offers cross-selling from one store to another and provides a common payment structure
bull Internet Service Providersmdash focused on operating a secure transaction environment not on store content
bull Telecommunication Companiesmdash includes the full range of e-commerce solutions
33copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers
The virtual equivalents of traditional product catalogs Commonly include
Templates or wizards for creating a storefront and catalog pages with pictures describing products for sale
Electronic shopping carts that enable consumers to gather items of interest until they are ready for checkout
Web-based order forms for making secure purchases (either through a SSL or a SET)
Database for maintaining product descriptions and pricing as well as customer orders
Integration with third party software for calculating taxes and shipping costs and for handling distribution and fulfillment
34copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Internet
WebServer
FinancialNetwork
Merchant Server Architecture
3rd PartyApplications
WebBrowser
StoreHTML Pages
MerchantServer
DatabaseCatalogOrder
copy Prentice Hall 2000
35copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Two of the best known products in this category iCat Electronic Commerce Suite
Standard edition includesbull Catalog templatesbull Shopping cartsbull Product searching
Professional edition provides support forbull High-end databasesbull Integration with ISAPI and Netscapes NSAPIbull Options for third-party plug-ins for searching user tracking sale
pricing discounting etc
bull Cross sellingbull Secure payment processing
36copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Microsoftrsquos Site Server Commerce EditionFeatures of this product are
bull Commerce Sample Sites providing templates for complete applicationsbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet supporting a variety of digital currenciesbull Site Builder Wizard for stores with multi-level departmentsbull Commerce Server Software Development Kit (SDK) for developing custom-
order processingbull Order processing pipeline for managing orders according to specified
business rulesbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet Software Development Kit (SDK) for supporting a variety of
digital payment schemesbull Promotion and Cross-selling Manager for administering a range of
specialized promotions discountscross-selling opportunitiesbull Integration with Microsoftrsquos Web site development (eg Visual InterDev) and
administrative tools (eg NT Security Support)
37copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Commerce Suites Offer merchants greater flexibility specialization
customization and integration in supporting complete front and back-office functionality
Internet
CatalogApplicationCustomer
ManagementRegistration
Profiles Service
Order CaptureCompletion Fulfillment
SystemsPayment
Processing(SET amp Purchase
Order)
CatalogDatabase
CustomerDatabase
OrderDatabase
PaymentDatabase
FinancialNetwork
WebBrowser Web
Server
Open Market E-Commerce Server Architecture
38copy Prentice Hall 2000
Open Market (wwwopenmarketcom)
One of the market leaders in the electronic commerce software segment
Provides a compete set of end-to-end transaction services includingAnalysis and ProfilingDemand GenerationOrder ManagementFulfillmentPaymentSelf-ServiceCustomer ServiceReporting
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
9copy Prentice Hall 2000
Domain NamesReference particular computers on the InternetDivided into segments separated by periods
For example in the case of ldquowwwmicrosoftcomrdquoldquowwwrdquo is the specific computerldquocomrdquo is the top level domainldquomicrosoftrdquo is the subdomain
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)controls the domain name system
Network Solutions Inc (NSI)issues and administers domain names for most of the top level
domains
10copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet ClientServer ApplicationsApplication Protocol PurposeE-mail Allows the transmission of text
messages and binary attachments across the Internet
Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP)Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3)Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
File Transfer
File Transfer Protocol (TP) Enables files to be uploaded and downloaded across the Internet
Chat Internet Relay Chat Protocol (IRC) Provides a way for users to talk to one another in real-time over the Internet The real-time chat groups are called channels
UseNet Newsgroups
Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) Discussion forums where users can asynchronously post messages and read messages posted by others
World Wide Web (Web)
Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) Offers access to hypertext documents executable programs and other Internet resources
11copy Prentice Hall 2000
New World Network Internet2 Two consortiums are in the process of
constructing the lsquonew world networkrsquo The University Corporation for Advanced Internet
Development (UCAID) wwwucaideduBuilding a leading edge research network called Internet2Based on a series of interconnected gigapops
bull interconnected by the National Science Foundationrsquos very high performance Backbone Network (vBNS) infrastructure
Goals of Internet2bull to connect universities so that a 30 volume encyclopedia
could be transmitted in less than secondbull to support applications like distance learning digital
libraries video teleconferencing teleimmersion and collaborative tools and virtual laboratories
12copy Prentice Hall 2000
New World Network Next Generation Internet
Next Generation Internet (NGI)Government initiated and sponsoredStarted by the Clinton Administration this initiative includes
government research agencies such as bull the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)bull the Department of Energybull the National Science Foundation (NSF)bull the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)bull the National Institute of Standards and Technology
Aim of the NGIbull to support next generation applications like health care national security
energy research biomedical research and environmental monitoring
13copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web-based ClientServerWeb browsers servers need as way to
Locate each other so they can send requests and responses back and forth
Communicate with one anotherUniform Resource Locators (URLs)
A new addressing scheme Ubiquitous appearing on the web in print on billboards
on TV and anywhere else a company can advertise Default syntax - wwwAnywhereCom Complete syntax - access-methodserver-name[port]directoryfile
14copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web-based ClientServer (cont)
Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) A new protocol Lightweight stateless protocol that browsers and
servers use to converse with one another Statelessness - every request that a browser makes opens a
new connection that is immediately closed after the document is returnedrepresents a substantial problem for e-commerce applicationsan individual user is likely to have a series of interactions with the
application MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension)
describes the contents of the documentin the case of an HTML page the header is ldquoContent-type texthtmlrdquo
15copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web Browsers (1999 Generation)
IE 46 suite of components consists of the browser along with the following tools
Outlook Express for e-mail readingFrontPage Express for authoring of HTML Web pagesNet Meeting for collaboration
Netscape Navigator 46 suite consists of the browser plus the following componentsMessenger for e-mail readingComposer for authoring HTML Web pagesCollabora for news offeringsCalendar for personal and group schedulingNetcaster for push delivery of Web pages
16copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web Servers A Software Program
http daemon in Unix http service in Windows NT Functions
service HTTP requestsprovide access control determining who can access
particular directories or files on the Web serverrun scripts and external programs to either add
functionality to the Web documents or provide real-time access to database and other dynamic data
enable management and administration of both the server functions and the contents of the Web site
log transactions that the user makes Distinguished by
platforms performance security and commerce
17copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet SecurityCornerstones of Security
Authenticitythe sender (either client or server) of a message is who he she or
it claims to be Privacy
the contents of a message are secret and only known to the sender and receiver
Integritythe contents of a message are not modified (intentionally or
accidentally) during transmission Non-repudiation
the sender of a message cannot deny that he she or it actually sent the message
18copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Private Key Private Key
Encryption
Private Key Encryption (Symmetrical Key Encryption)Data Encryption Standard (DES) is the most widely used
symmetrical encryption algorithm
19copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Public Key Encryption (Asymmetrical Key Encryption)
Encryption (cont)
20copy Prentice Hall 2000
Encryption (cont)
Digital Envelope mdash combination of symmetrical and public key encryption
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Session Key Session Key
Public key of Recipient
Public key of RecipientSession Key Session KeyDigital Envelop
21copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Digital Signatures Authenticity and Non-Denial
Signature Signature
Private Key of Sender
Public Key of Sender
CipheredText
Encryption (cont)
22copy Prentice Hall 2000
Digital Certificates andCertifying Authorities
Digital Certificates Verify the holder of a public and private key is who he
she or it claims to beCertifying Authorities (CA)
Issue digital certificates Verify the information and creates a certificate that
contains the applicantrsquos public key along with identifying information
Uses their private key to encrypt the certificate and sends the signed certificate to the applicant
23copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
A protocol that operates at the TCPIP layerEncrypts communications between browsers
and serversSupports a variety of encryption algorithms
and authentication methodsEncrypts credit card numbers that are sent
from a consumerrsquos browser to a merchantsrsquo Web site
24copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
A cryptographic protocol to handle the complete transaction
Provides authentication confidentiality message integrity and linkage
Supporting features Cardholder registration Merchant registration Purchase requests Payment authorizations Payment capture
Chargebacks Credits Credit reversal Debit card transactions
25copy Prentice Hall 2000
Access Control
Password Protection Passwords are notoriously susceptible to
compromiseUsers have a habit of sharing their passwords with
others writing them down where others can see them and choosing passwords that are easily guessed
Browser transmits the passwords in a form that is easily intercepted and decoded By making sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder only has restricted access to the rest of the network which is one of the roles of a firewall
26copy Prentice Hall 2000
Firewalls A network node consisting of both hardware and software that isolates
a private network from a public network Make sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder
only has restricted access to the rest of the network Two types
Dual-homed gatewaybastion gateway connects a private internal network to outside Internetproxies (software programs) run on the gateway server and pass
repackaged packets from one network to the other Screen-host gateway
screened subnet gateway in which the bastion gateway offers access to a small segment of the internal network
demilitarized zone is the open subnet
27copy Prentice Hall 2000
Screened Subnet Firewall
InternetRouter Local
Network
BastionHost
ProxiesFTP HTTP
NNTPTelnet
Router
FTP Server
Web Server
copy Prentice Hall 2000
28copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
A VPN combines encryption authentication and protocol tunneling to provide secure transport of private communications over the public Internet Itrsquos as if the Internet becomes part of a larger enterprise wide area network (WAN) In this way transmission costs are drastically reduced because workers can access enterprise data by making a local call into an ISP rather than using a long distance phone call
29copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
Real challenge of a VPN To ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data transmitted
over the Internet
Protocol tunneling Support multi-protocol networking To encrypt and encapsulate the data being transmitted Types of protocol mdash being used to carry out protocol tunneling
protocols are aimed primarily at site-to-site VPNs (eg IPV6)protocols are used to support VPNs that provide employees
customers and others with dial-up access via an ISP (eg Microsoftrsquos Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP))
30copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the WebFunction Requirements for an Electronic Storefront
Search for discover and compare products for purchase Select a product to be purchased and negotiate or determine its total
price Place an order for desired products Have their order confirmed ensuring that the desired product is
available Pay for the ordered products (usually through some form of credit) Verify their credit and approve their purchase Have orders processed Verify that the product has been shipped Request post-sales support or provide feedback to the seller
31copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the Web (cont)
Electronic storefront must contain A merchant system or storefront that provides the
merchantrsquos catalog with products prices and promotions
A transaction system for processing orders and payments and other aspects of the transaction
A payment gateway that routes payments through existing financial systems primarily for the purpose of credit card authorization and settlement
32copy Prentice Hall 2000
Outsourcing Vs Insourcing Insourcingmdash build and run the electronic storefront inhouse
Large companies wanting bull to ldquoexperimentrdquo with e-commerce without a great investmentbull to protect their own internal networksbull to rely on experts to establish their sites
Outsourcingmdash contract with an outside firmSmaller or medium sized companies with few IT staff and smaller
budgetsThree types of providers
bull Internet Mallsmdash offers cross-selling from one store to another and provides a common payment structure
bull Internet Service Providersmdash focused on operating a secure transaction environment not on store content
bull Telecommunication Companiesmdash includes the full range of e-commerce solutions
33copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers
The virtual equivalents of traditional product catalogs Commonly include
Templates or wizards for creating a storefront and catalog pages with pictures describing products for sale
Electronic shopping carts that enable consumers to gather items of interest until they are ready for checkout
Web-based order forms for making secure purchases (either through a SSL or a SET)
Database for maintaining product descriptions and pricing as well as customer orders
Integration with third party software for calculating taxes and shipping costs and for handling distribution and fulfillment
34copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Internet
WebServer
FinancialNetwork
Merchant Server Architecture
3rd PartyApplications
WebBrowser
StoreHTML Pages
MerchantServer
DatabaseCatalogOrder
copy Prentice Hall 2000
35copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Two of the best known products in this category iCat Electronic Commerce Suite
Standard edition includesbull Catalog templatesbull Shopping cartsbull Product searching
Professional edition provides support forbull High-end databasesbull Integration with ISAPI and Netscapes NSAPIbull Options for third-party plug-ins for searching user tracking sale
pricing discounting etc
bull Cross sellingbull Secure payment processing
36copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Microsoftrsquos Site Server Commerce EditionFeatures of this product are
bull Commerce Sample Sites providing templates for complete applicationsbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet supporting a variety of digital currenciesbull Site Builder Wizard for stores with multi-level departmentsbull Commerce Server Software Development Kit (SDK) for developing custom-
order processingbull Order processing pipeline for managing orders according to specified
business rulesbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet Software Development Kit (SDK) for supporting a variety of
digital payment schemesbull Promotion and Cross-selling Manager for administering a range of
specialized promotions discountscross-selling opportunitiesbull Integration with Microsoftrsquos Web site development (eg Visual InterDev) and
administrative tools (eg NT Security Support)
37copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Commerce Suites Offer merchants greater flexibility specialization
customization and integration in supporting complete front and back-office functionality
Internet
CatalogApplicationCustomer
ManagementRegistration
Profiles Service
Order CaptureCompletion Fulfillment
SystemsPayment
Processing(SET amp Purchase
Order)
CatalogDatabase
CustomerDatabase
OrderDatabase
PaymentDatabase
FinancialNetwork
WebBrowser Web
Server
Open Market E-Commerce Server Architecture
38copy Prentice Hall 2000
Open Market (wwwopenmarketcom)
One of the market leaders in the electronic commerce software segment
Provides a compete set of end-to-end transaction services includingAnalysis and ProfilingDemand GenerationOrder ManagementFulfillmentPaymentSelf-ServiceCustomer ServiceReporting
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
10copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet ClientServer ApplicationsApplication Protocol PurposeE-mail Allows the transmission of text
messages and binary attachments across the Internet
Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP)Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3)Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
File Transfer
File Transfer Protocol (TP) Enables files to be uploaded and downloaded across the Internet
Chat Internet Relay Chat Protocol (IRC) Provides a way for users to talk to one another in real-time over the Internet The real-time chat groups are called channels
UseNet Newsgroups
Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) Discussion forums where users can asynchronously post messages and read messages posted by others
World Wide Web (Web)
Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) Offers access to hypertext documents executable programs and other Internet resources
11copy Prentice Hall 2000
New World Network Internet2 Two consortiums are in the process of
constructing the lsquonew world networkrsquo The University Corporation for Advanced Internet
Development (UCAID) wwwucaideduBuilding a leading edge research network called Internet2Based on a series of interconnected gigapops
bull interconnected by the National Science Foundationrsquos very high performance Backbone Network (vBNS) infrastructure
Goals of Internet2bull to connect universities so that a 30 volume encyclopedia
could be transmitted in less than secondbull to support applications like distance learning digital
libraries video teleconferencing teleimmersion and collaborative tools and virtual laboratories
12copy Prentice Hall 2000
New World Network Next Generation Internet
Next Generation Internet (NGI)Government initiated and sponsoredStarted by the Clinton Administration this initiative includes
government research agencies such as bull the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)bull the Department of Energybull the National Science Foundation (NSF)bull the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)bull the National Institute of Standards and Technology
Aim of the NGIbull to support next generation applications like health care national security
energy research biomedical research and environmental monitoring
13copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web-based ClientServerWeb browsers servers need as way to
Locate each other so they can send requests and responses back and forth
Communicate with one anotherUniform Resource Locators (URLs)
A new addressing scheme Ubiquitous appearing on the web in print on billboards
on TV and anywhere else a company can advertise Default syntax - wwwAnywhereCom Complete syntax - access-methodserver-name[port]directoryfile
14copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web-based ClientServer (cont)
Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) A new protocol Lightweight stateless protocol that browsers and
servers use to converse with one another Statelessness - every request that a browser makes opens a
new connection that is immediately closed after the document is returnedrepresents a substantial problem for e-commerce applicationsan individual user is likely to have a series of interactions with the
application MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension)
describes the contents of the documentin the case of an HTML page the header is ldquoContent-type texthtmlrdquo
15copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web Browsers (1999 Generation)
IE 46 suite of components consists of the browser along with the following tools
Outlook Express for e-mail readingFrontPage Express for authoring of HTML Web pagesNet Meeting for collaboration
Netscape Navigator 46 suite consists of the browser plus the following componentsMessenger for e-mail readingComposer for authoring HTML Web pagesCollabora for news offeringsCalendar for personal and group schedulingNetcaster for push delivery of Web pages
16copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web Servers A Software Program
http daemon in Unix http service in Windows NT Functions
service HTTP requestsprovide access control determining who can access
particular directories or files on the Web serverrun scripts and external programs to either add
functionality to the Web documents or provide real-time access to database and other dynamic data
enable management and administration of both the server functions and the contents of the Web site
log transactions that the user makes Distinguished by
platforms performance security and commerce
17copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet SecurityCornerstones of Security
Authenticitythe sender (either client or server) of a message is who he she or
it claims to be Privacy
the contents of a message are secret and only known to the sender and receiver
Integritythe contents of a message are not modified (intentionally or
accidentally) during transmission Non-repudiation
the sender of a message cannot deny that he she or it actually sent the message
18copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Private Key Private Key
Encryption
Private Key Encryption (Symmetrical Key Encryption)Data Encryption Standard (DES) is the most widely used
symmetrical encryption algorithm
19copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Public Key Encryption (Asymmetrical Key Encryption)
Encryption (cont)
20copy Prentice Hall 2000
Encryption (cont)
Digital Envelope mdash combination of symmetrical and public key encryption
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Session Key Session Key
Public key of Recipient
Public key of RecipientSession Key Session KeyDigital Envelop
21copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Digital Signatures Authenticity and Non-Denial
Signature Signature
Private Key of Sender
Public Key of Sender
CipheredText
Encryption (cont)
22copy Prentice Hall 2000
Digital Certificates andCertifying Authorities
Digital Certificates Verify the holder of a public and private key is who he
she or it claims to beCertifying Authorities (CA)
Issue digital certificates Verify the information and creates a certificate that
contains the applicantrsquos public key along with identifying information
Uses their private key to encrypt the certificate and sends the signed certificate to the applicant
23copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
A protocol that operates at the TCPIP layerEncrypts communications between browsers
and serversSupports a variety of encryption algorithms
and authentication methodsEncrypts credit card numbers that are sent
from a consumerrsquos browser to a merchantsrsquo Web site
24copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
A cryptographic protocol to handle the complete transaction
Provides authentication confidentiality message integrity and linkage
Supporting features Cardholder registration Merchant registration Purchase requests Payment authorizations Payment capture
Chargebacks Credits Credit reversal Debit card transactions
25copy Prentice Hall 2000
Access Control
Password Protection Passwords are notoriously susceptible to
compromiseUsers have a habit of sharing their passwords with
others writing them down where others can see them and choosing passwords that are easily guessed
Browser transmits the passwords in a form that is easily intercepted and decoded By making sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder only has restricted access to the rest of the network which is one of the roles of a firewall
26copy Prentice Hall 2000
Firewalls A network node consisting of both hardware and software that isolates
a private network from a public network Make sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder
only has restricted access to the rest of the network Two types
Dual-homed gatewaybastion gateway connects a private internal network to outside Internetproxies (software programs) run on the gateway server and pass
repackaged packets from one network to the other Screen-host gateway
screened subnet gateway in which the bastion gateway offers access to a small segment of the internal network
demilitarized zone is the open subnet
27copy Prentice Hall 2000
Screened Subnet Firewall
InternetRouter Local
Network
BastionHost
ProxiesFTP HTTP
NNTPTelnet
Router
FTP Server
Web Server
copy Prentice Hall 2000
28copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
A VPN combines encryption authentication and protocol tunneling to provide secure transport of private communications over the public Internet Itrsquos as if the Internet becomes part of a larger enterprise wide area network (WAN) In this way transmission costs are drastically reduced because workers can access enterprise data by making a local call into an ISP rather than using a long distance phone call
29copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
Real challenge of a VPN To ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data transmitted
over the Internet
Protocol tunneling Support multi-protocol networking To encrypt and encapsulate the data being transmitted Types of protocol mdash being used to carry out protocol tunneling
protocols are aimed primarily at site-to-site VPNs (eg IPV6)protocols are used to support VPNs that provide employees
customers and others with dial-up access via an ISP (eg Microsoftrsquos Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP))
30copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the WebFunction Requirements for an Electronic Storefront
Search for discover and compare products for purchase Select a product to be purchased and negotiate or determine its total
price Place an order for desired products Have their order confirmed ensuring that the desired product is
available Pay for the ordered products (usually through some form of credit) Verify their credit and approve their purchase Have orders processed Verify that the product has been shipped Request post-sales support or provide feedback to the seller
31copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the Web (cont)
Electronic storefront must contain A merchant system or storefront that provides the
merchantrsquos catalog with products prices and promotions
A transaction system for processing orders and payments and other aspects of the transaction
A payment gateway that routes payments through existing financial systems primarily for the purpose of credit card authorization and settlement
32copy Prentice Hall 2000
Outsourcing Vs Insourcing Insourcingmdash build and run the electronic storefront inhouse
Large companies wanting bull to ldquoexperimentrdquo with e-commerce without a great investmentbull to protect their own internal networksbull to rely on experts to establish their sites
Outsourcingmdash contract with an outside firmSmaller or medium sized companies with few IT staff and smaller
budgetsThree types of providers
bull Internet Mallsmdash offers cross-selling from one store to another and provides a common payment structure
bull Internet Service Providersmdash focused on operating a secure transaction environment not on store content
bull Telecommunication Companiesmdash includes the full range of e-commerce solutions
33copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers
The virtual equivalents of traditional product catalogs Commonly include
Templates or wizards for creating a storefront and catalog pages with pictures describing products for sale
Electronic shopping carts that enable consumers to gather items of interest until they are ready for checkout
Web-based order forms for making secure purchases (either through a SSL or a SET)
Database for maintaining product descriptions and pricing as well as customer orders
Integration with third party software for calculating taxes and shipping costs and for handling distribution and fulfillment
34copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Internet
WebServer
FinancialNetwork
Merchant Server Architecture
3rd PartyApplications
WebBrowser
StoreHTML Pages
MerchantServer
DatabaseCatalogOrder
copy Prentice Hall 2000
35copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Two of the best known products in this category iCat Electronic Commerce Suite
Standard edition includesbull Catalog templatesbull Shopping cartsbull Product searching
Professional edition provides support forbull High-end databasesbull Integration with ISAPI and Netscapes NSAPIbull Options for third-party plug-ins for searching user tracking sale
pricing discounting etc
bull Cross sellingbull Secure payment processing
36copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Microsoftrsquos Site Server Commerce EditionFeatures of this product are
bull Commerce Sample Sites providing templates for complete applicationsbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet supporting a variety of digital currenciesbull Site Builder Wizard for stores with multi-level departmentsbull Commerce Server Software Development Kit (SDK) for developing custom-
order processingbull Order processing pipeline for managing orders according to specified
business rulesbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet Software Development Kit (SDK) for supporting a variety of
digital payment schemesbull Promotion and Cross-selling Manager for administering a range of
specialized promotions discountscross-selling opportunitiesbull Integration with Microsoftrsquos Web site development (eg Visual InterDev) and
administrative tools (eg NT Security Support)
37copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Commerce Suites Offer merchants greater flexibility specialization
customization and integration in supporting complete front and back-office functionality
Internet
CatalogApplicationCustomer
ManagementRegistration
Profiles Service
Order CaptureCompletion Fulfillment
SystemsPayment
Processing(SET amp Purchase
Order)
CatalogDatabase
CustomerDatabase
OrderDatabase
PaymentDatabase
FinancialNetwork
WebBrowser Web
Server
Open Market E-Commerce Server Architecture
38copy Prentice Hall 2000
Open Market (wwwopenmarketcom)
One of the market leaders in the electronic commerce software segment
Provides a compete set of end-to-end transaction services includingAnalysis and ProfilingDemand GenerationOrder ManagementFulfillmentPaymentSelf-ServiceCustomer ServiceReporting
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
11copy Prentice Hall 2000
New World Network Internet2 Two consortiums are in the process of
constructing the lsquonew world networkrsquo The University Corporation for Advanced Internet
Development (UCAID) wwwucaideduBuilding a leading edge research network called Internet2Based on a series of interconnected gigapops
bull interconnected by the National Science Foundationrsquos very high performance Backbone Network (vBNS) infrastructure
Goals of Internet2bull to connect universities so that a 30 volume encyclopedia
could be transmitted in less than secondbull to support applications like distance learning digital
libraries video teleconferencing teleimmersion and collaborative tools and virtual laboratories
12copy Prentice Hall 2000
New World Network Next Generation Internet
Next Generation Internet (NGI)Government initiated and sponsoredStarted by the Clinton Administration this initiative includes
government research agencies such as bull the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)bull the Department of Energybull the National Science Foundation (NSF)bull the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)bull the National Institute of Standards and Technology
Aim of the NGIbull to support next generation applications like health care national security
energy research biomedical research and environmental monitoring
13copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web-based ClientServerWeb browsers servers need as way to
Locate each other so they can send requests and responses back and forth
Communicate with one anotherUniform Resource Locators (URLs)
A new addressing scheme Ubiquitous appearing on the web in print on billboards
on TV and anywhere else a company can advertise Default syntax - wwwAnywhereCom Complete syntax - access-methodserver-name[port]directoryfile
14copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web-based ClientServer (cont)
Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) A new protocol Lightweight stateless protocol that browsers and
servers use to converse with one another Statelessness - every request that a browser makes opens a
new connection that is immediately closed after the document is returnedrepresents a substantial problem for e-commerce applicationsan individual user is likely to have a series of interactions with the
application MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension)
describes the contents of the documentin the case of an HTML page the header is ldquoContent-type texthtmlrdquo
15copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web Browsers (1999 Generation)
IE 46 suite of components consists of the browser along with the following tools
Outlook Express for e-mail readingFrontPage Express for authoring of HTML Web pagesNet Meeting for collaboration
Netscape Navigator 46 suite consists of the browser plus the following componentsMessenger for e-mail readingComposer for authoring HTML Web pagesCollabora for news offeringsCalendar for personal and group schedulingNetcaster for push delivery of Web pages
16copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web Servers A Software Program
http daemon in Unix http service in Windows NT Functions
service HTTP requestsprovide access control determining who can access
particular directories or files on the Web serverrun scripts and external programs to either add
functionality to the Web documents or provide real-time access to database and other dynamic data
enable management and administration of both the server functions and the contents of the Web site
log transactions that the user makes Distinguished by
platforms performance security and commerce
17copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet SecurityCornerstones of Security
Authenticitythe sender (either client or server) of a message is who he she or
it claims to be Privacy
the contents of a message are secret and only known to the sender and receiver
Integritythe contents of a message are not modified (intentionally or
accidentally) during transmission Non-repudiation
the sender of a message cannot deny that he she or it actually sent the message
18copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Private Key Private Key
Encryption
Private Key Encryption (Symmetrical Key Encryption)Data Encryption Standard (DES) is the most widely used
symmetrical encryption algorithm
19copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Public Key Encryption (Asymmetrical Key Encryption)
Encryption (cont)
20copy Prentice Hall 2000
Encryption (cont)
Digital Envelope mdash combination of symmetrical and public key encryption
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Session Key Session Key
Public key of Recipient
Public key of RecipientSession Key Session KeyDigital Envelop
21copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Digital Signatures Authenticity and Non-Denial
Signature Signature
Private Key of Sender
Public Key of Sender
CipheredText
Encryption (cont)
22copy Prentice Hall 2000
Digital Certificates andCertifying Authorities
Digital Certificates Verify the holder of a public and private key is who he
she or it claims to beCertifying Authorities (CA)
Issue digital certificates Verify the information and creates a certificate that
contains the applicantrsquos public key along with identifying information
Uses their private key to encrypt the certificate and sends the signed certificate to the applicant
23copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
A protocol that operates at the TCPIP layerEncrypts communications between browsers
and serversSupports a variety of encryption algorithms
and authentication methodsEncrypts credit card numbers that are sent
from a consumerrsquos browser to a merchantsrsquo Web site
24copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
A cryptographic protocol to handle the complete transaction
Provides authentication confidentiality message integrity and linkage
Supporting features Cardholder registration Merchant registration Purchase requests Payment authorizations Payment capture
Chargebacks Credits Credit reversal Debit card transactions
25copy Prentice Hall 2000
Access Control
Password Protection Passwords are notoriously susceptible to
compromiseUsers have a habit of sharing their passwords with
others writing them down where others can see them and choosing passwords that are easily guessed
Browser transmits the passwords in a form that is easily intercepted and decoded By making sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder only has restricted access to the rest of the network which is one of the roles of a firewall
26copy Prentice Hall 2000
Firewalls A network node consisting of both hardware and software that isolates
a private network from a public network Make sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder
only has restricted access to the rest of the network Two types
Dual-homed gatewaybastion gateway connects a private internal network to outside Internetproxies (software programs) run on the gateway server and pass
repackaged packets from one network to the other Screen-host gateway
screened subnet gateway in which the bastion gateway offers access to a small segment of the internal network
demilitarized zone is the open subnet
27copy Prentice Hall 2000
Screened Subnet Firewall
InternetRouter Local
Network
BastionHost
ProxiesFTP HTTP
NNTPTelnet
Router
FTP Server
Web Server
copy Prentice Hall 2000
28copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
A VPN combines encryption authentication and protocol tunneling to provide secure transport of private communications over the public Internet Itrsquos as if the Internet becomes part of a larger enterprise wide area network (WAN) In this way transmission costs are drastically reduced because workers can access enterprise data by making a local call into an ISP rather than using a long distance phone call
29copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
Real challenge of a VPN To ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data transmitted
over the Internet
Protocol tunneling Support multi-protocol networking To encrypt and encapsulate the data being transmitted Types of protocol mdash being used to carry out protocol tunneling
protocols are aimed primarily at site-to-site VPNs (eg IPV6)protocols are used to support VPNs that provide employees
customers and others with dial-up access via an ISP (eg Microsoftrsquos Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP))
30copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the WebFunction Requirements for an Electronic Storefront
Search for discover and compare products for purchase Select a product to be purchased and negotiate or determine its total
price Place an order for desired products Have their order confirmed ensuring that the desired product is
available Pay for the ordered products (usually through some form of credit) Verify their credit and approve their purchase Have orders processed Verify that the product has been shipped Request post-sales support or provide feedback to the seller
31copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the Web (cont)
Electronic storefront must contain A merchant system or storefront that provides the
merchantrsquos catalog with products prices and promotions
A transaction system for processing orders and payments and other aspects of the transaction
A payment gateway that routes payments through existing financial systems primarily for the purpose of credit card authorization and settlement
32copy Prentice Hall 2000
Outsourcing Vs Insourcing Insourcingmdash build and run the electronic storefront inhouse
Large companies wanting bull to ldquoexperimentrdquo with e-commerce without a great investmentbull to protect their own internal networksbull to rely on experts to establish their sites
Outsourcingmdash contract with an outside firmSmaller or medium sized companies with few IT staff and smaller
budgetsThree types of providers
bull Internet Mallsmdash offers cross-selling from one store to another and provides a common payment structure
bull Internet Service Providersmdash focused on operating a secure transaction environment not on store content
bull Telecommunication Companiesmdash includes the full range of e-commerce solutions
33copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers
The virtual equivalents of traditional product catalogs Commonly include
Templates or wizards for creating a storefront and catalog pages with pictures describing products for sale
Electronic shopping carts that enable consumers to gather items of interest until they are ready for checkout
Web-based order forms for making secure purchases (either through a SSL or a SET)
Database for maintaining product descriptions and pricing as well as customer orders
Integration with third party software for calculating taxes and shipping costs and for handling distribution and fulfillment
34copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Internet
WebServer
FinancialNetwork
Merchant Server Architecture
3rd PartyApplications
WebBrowser
StoreHTML Pages
MerchantServer
DatabaseCatalogOrder
copy Prentice Hall 2000
35copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Two of the best known products in this category iCat Electronic Commerce Suite
Standard edition includesbull Catalog templatesbull Shopping cartsbull Product searching
Professional edition provides support forbull High-end databasesbull Integration with ISAPI and Netscapes NSAPIbull Options for third-party plug-ins for searching user tracking sale
pricing discounting etc
bull Cross sellingbull Secure payment processing
36copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Microsoftrsquos Site Server Commerce EditionFeatures of this product are
bull Commerce Sample Sites providing templates for complete applicationsbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet supporting a variety of digital currenciesbull Site Builder Wizard for stores with multi-level departmentsbull Commerce Server Software Development Kit (SDK) for developing custom-
order processingbull Order processing pipeline for managing orders according to specified
business rulesbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet Software Development Kit (SDK) for supporting a variety of
digital payment schemesbull Promotion and Cross-selling Manager for administering a range of
specialized promotions discountscross-selling opportunitiesbull Integration with Microsoftrsquos Web site development (eg Visual InterDev) and
administrative tools (eg NT Security Support)
37copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Commerce Suites Offer merchants greater flexibility specialization
customization and integration in supporting complete front and back-office functionality
Internet
CatalogApplicationCustomer
ManagementRegistration
Profiles Service
Order CaptureCompletion Fulfillment
SystemsPayment
Processing(SET amp Purchase
Order)
CatalogDatabase
CustomerDatabase
OrderDatabase
PaymentDatabase
FinancialNetwork
WebBrowser Web
Server
Open Market E-Commerce Server Architecture
38copy Prentice Hall 2000
Open Market (wwwopenmarketcom)
One of the market leaders in the electronic commerce software segment
Provides a compete set of end-to-end transaction services includingAnalysis and ProfilingDemand GenerationOrder ManagementFulfillmentPaymentSelf-ServiceCustomer ServiceReporting
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
12copy Prentice Hall 2000
New World Network Next Generation Internet
Next Generation Internet (NGI)Government initiated and sponsoredStarted by the Clinton Administration this initiative includes
government research agencies such as bull the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)bull the Department of Energybull the National Science Foundation (NSF)bull the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)bull the National Institute of Standards and Technology
Aim of the NGIbull to support next generation applications like health care national security
energy research biomedical research and environmental monitoring
13copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web-based ClientServerWeb browsers servers need as way to
Locate each other so they can send requests and responses back and forth
Communicate with one anotherUniform Resource Locators (URLs)
A new addressing scheme Ubiquitous appearing on the web in print on billboards
on TV and anywhere else a company can advertise Default syntax - wwwAnywhereCom Complete syntax - access-methodserver-name[port]directoryfile
14copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web-based ClientServer (cont)
Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) A new protocol Lightweight stateless protocol that browsers and
servers use to converse with one another Statelessness - every request that a browser makes opens a
new connection that is immediately closed after the document is returnedrepresents a substantial problem for e-commerce applicationsan individual user is likely to have a series of interactions with the
application MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension)
describes the contents of the documentin the case of an HTML page the header is ldquoContent-type texthtmlrdquo
15copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web Browsers (1999 Generation)
IE 46 suite of components consists of the browser along with the following tools
Outlook Express for e-mail readingFrontPage Express for authoring of HTML Web pagesNet Meeting for collaboration
Netscape Navigator 46 suite consists of the browser plus the following componentsMessenger for e-mail readingComposer for authoring HTML Web pagesCollabora for news offeringsCalendar for personal and group schedulingNetcaster for push delivery of Web pages
16copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web Servers A Software Program
http daemon in Unix http service in Windows NT Functions
service HTTP requestsprovide access control determining who can access
particular directories or files on the Web serverrun scripts and external programs to either add
functionality to the Web documents or provide real-time access to database and other dynamic data
enable management and administration of both the server functions and the contents of the Web site
log transactions that the user makes Distinguished by
platforms performance security and commerce
17copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet SecurityCornerstones of Security
Authenticitythe sender (either client or server) of a message is who he she or
it claims to be Privacy
the contents of a message are secret and only known to the sender and receiver
Integritythe contents of a message are not modified (intentionally or
accidentally) during transmission Non-repudiation
the sender of a message cannot deny that he she or it actually sent the message
18copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Private Key Private Key
Encryption
Private Key Encryption (Symmetrical Key Encryption)Data Encryption Standard (DES) is the most widely used
symmetrical encryption algorithm
19copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Public Key Encryption (Asymmetrical Key Encryption)
Encryption (cont)
20copy Prentice Hall 2000
Encryption (cont)
Digital Envelope mdash combination of symmetrical and public key encryption
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Session Key Session Key
Public key of Recipient
Public key of RecipientSession Key Session KeyDigital Envelop
21copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Digital Signatures Authenticity and Non-Denial
Signature Signature
Private Key of Sender
Public Key of Sender
CipheredText
Encryption (cont)
22copy Prentice Hall 2000
Digital Certificates andCertifying Authorities
Digital Certificates Verify the holder of a public and private key is who he
she or it claims to beCertifying Authorities (CA)
Issue digital certificates Verify the information and creates a certificate that
contains the applicantrsquos public key along with identifying information
Uses their private key to encrypt the certificate and sends the signed certificate to the applicant
23copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
A protocol that operates at the TCPIP layerEncrypts communications between browsers
and serversSupports a variety of encryption algorithms
and authentication methodsEncrypts credit card numbers that are sent
from a consumerrsquos browser to a merchantsrsquo Web site
24copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
A cryptographic protocol to handle the complete transaction
Provides authentication confidentiality message integrity and linkage
Supporting features Cardholder registration Merchant registration Purchase requests Payment authorizations Payment capture
Chargebacks Credits Credit reversal Debit card transactions
25copy Prentice Hall 2000
Access Control
Password Protection Passwords are notoriously susceptible to
compromiseUsers have a habit of sharing their passwords with
others writing them down where others can see them and choosing passwords that are easily guessed
Browser transmits the passwords in a form that is easily intercepted and decoded By making sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder only has restricted access to the rest of the network which is one of the roles of a firewall
26copy Prentice Hall 2000
Firewalls A network node consisting of both hardware and software that isolates
a private network from a public network Make sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder
only has restricted access to the rest of the network Two types
Dual-homed gatewaybastion gateway connects a private internal network to outside Internetproxies (software programs) run on the gateway server and pass
repackaged packets from one network to the other Screen-host gateway
screened subnet gateway in which the bastion gateway offers access to a small segment of the internal network
demilitarized zone is the open subnet
27copy Prentice Hall 2000
Screened Subnet Firewall
InternetRouter Local
Network
BastionHost
ProxiesFTP HTTP
NNTPTelnet
Router
FTP Server
Web Server
copy Prentice Hall 2000
28copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
A VPN combines encryption authentication and protocol tunneling to provide secure transport of private communications over the public Internet Itrsquos as if the Internet becomes part of a larger enterprise wide area network (WAN) In this way transmission costs are drastically reduced because workers can access enterprise data by making a local call into an ISP rather than using a long distance phone call
29copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
Real challenge of a VPN To ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data transmitted
over the Internet
Protocol tunneling Support multi-protocol networking To encrypt and encapsulate the data being transmitted Types of protocol mdash being used to carry out protocol tunneling
protocols are aimed primarily at site-to-site VPNs (eg IPV6)protocols are used to support VPNs that provide employees
customers and others with dial-up access via an ISP (eg Microsoftrsquos Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP))
30copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the WebFunction Requirements for an Electronic Storefront
Search for discover and compare products for purchase Select a product to be purchased and negotiate or determine its total
price Place an order for desired products Have their order confirmed ensuring that the desired product is
available Pay for the ordered products (usually through some form of credit) Verify their credit and approve their purchase Have orders processed Verify that the product has been shipped Request post-sales support or provide feedback to the seller
31copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the Web (cont)
Electronic storefront must contain A merchant system or storefront that provides the
merchantrsquos catalog with products prices and promotions
A transaction system for processing orders and payments and other aspects of the transaction
A payment gateway that routes payments through existing financial systems primarily for the purpose of credit card authorization and settlement
32copy Prentice Hall 2000
Outsourcing Vs Insourcing Insourcingmdash build and run the electronic storefront inhouse
Large companies wanting bull to ldquoexperimentrdquo with e-commerce without a great investmentbull to protect their own internal networksbull to rely on experts to establish their sites
Outsourcingmdash contract with an outside firmSmaller or medium sized companies with few IT staff and smaller
budgetsThree types of providers
bull Internet Mallsmdash offers cross-selling from one store to another and provides a common payment structure
bull Internet Service Providersmdash focused on operating a secure transaction environment not on store content
bull Telecommunication Companiesmdash includes the full range of e-commerce solutions
33copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers
The virtual equivalents of traditional product catalogs Commonly include
Templates or wizards for creating a storefront and catalog pages with pictures describing products for sale
Electronic shopping carts that enable consumers to gather items of interest until they are ready for checkout
Web-based order forms for making secure purchases (either through a SSL or a SET)
Database for maintaining product descriptions and pricing as well as customer orders
Integration with third party software for calculating taxes and shipping costs and for handling distribution and fulfillment
34copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Internet
WebServer
FinancialNetwork
Merchant Server Architecture
3rd PartyApplications
WebBrowser
StoreHTML Pages
MerchantServer
DatabaseCatalogOrder
copy Prentice Hall 2000
35copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Two of the best known products in this category iCat Electronic Commerce Suite
Standard edition includesbull Catalog templatesbull Shopping cartsbull Product searching
Professional edition provides support forbull High-end databasesbull Integration with ISAPI and Netscapes NSAPIbull Options for third-party plug-ins for searching user tracking sale
pricing discounting etc
bull Cross sellingbull Secure payment processing
36copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Microsoftrsquos Site Server Commerce EditionFeatures of this product are
bull Commerce Sample Sites providing templates for complete applicationsbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet supporting a variety of digital currenciesbull Site Builder Wizard for stores with multi-level departmentsbull Commerce Server Software Development Kit (SDK) for developing custom-
order processingbull Order processing pipeline for managing orders according to specified
business rulesbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet Software Development Kit (SDK) for supporting a variety of
digital payment schemesbull Promotion and Cross-selling Manager for administering a range of
specialized promotions discountscross-selling opportunitiesbull Integration with Microsoftrsquos Web site development (eg Visual InterDev) and
administrative tools (eg NT Security Support)
37copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Commerce Suites Offer merchants greater flexibility specialization
customization and integration in supporting complete front and back-office functionality
Internet
CatalogApplicationCustomer
ManagementRegistration
Profiles Service
Order CaptureCompletion Fulfillment
SystemsPayment
Processing(SET amp Purchase
Order)
CatalogDatabase
CustomerDatabase
OrderDatabase
PaymentDatabase
FinancialNetwork
WebBrowser Web
Server
Open Market E-Commerce Server Architecture
38copy Prentice Hall 2000
Open Market (wwwopenmarketcom)
One of the market leaders in the electronic commerce software segment
Provides a compete set of end-to-end transaction services includingAnalysis and ProfilingDemand GenerationOrder ManagementFulfillmentPaymentSelf-ServiceCustomer ServiceReporting
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
13copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web-based ClientServerWeb browsers servers need as way to
Locate each other so they can send requests and responses back and forth
Communicate with one anotherUniform Resource Locators (URLs)
A new addressing scheme Ubiquitous appearing on the web in print on billboards
on TV and anywhere else a company can advertise Default syntax - wwwAnywhereCom Complete syntax - access-methodserver-name[port]directoryfile
14copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web-based ClientServer (cont)
Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) A new protocol Lightweight stateless protocol that browsers and
servers use to converse with one another Statelessness - every request that a browser makes opens a
new connection that is immediately closed after the document is returnedrepresents a substantial problem for e-commerce applicationsan individual user is likely to have a series of interactions with the
application MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension)
describes the contents of the documentin the case of an HTML page the header is ldquoContent-type texthtmlrdquo
15copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web Browsers (1999 Generation)
IE 46 suite of components consists of the browser along with the following tools
Outlook Express for e-mail readingFrontPage Express for authoring of HTML Web pagesNet Meeting for collaboration
Netscape Navigator 46 suite consists of the browser plus the following componentsMessenger for e-mail readingComposer for authoring HTML Web pagesCollabora for news offeringsCalendar for personal and group schedulingNetcaster for push delivery of Web pages
16copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web Servers A Software Program
http daemon in Unix http service in Windows NT Functions
service HTTP requestsprovide access control determining who can access
particular directories or files on the Web serverrun scripts and external programs to either add
functionality to the Web documents or provide real-time access to database and other dynamic data
enable management and administration of both the server functions and the contents of the Web site
log transactions that the user makes Distinguished by
platforms performance security and commerce
17copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet SecurityCornerstones of Security
Authenticitythe sender (either client or server) of a message is who he she or
it claims to be Privacy
the contents of a message are secret and only known to the sender and receiver
Integritythe contents of a message are not modified (intentionally or
accidentally) during transmission Non-repudiation
the sender of a message cannot deny that he she or it actually sent the message
18copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Private Key Private Key
Encryption
Private Key Encryption (Symmetrical Key Encryption)Data Encryption Standard (DES) is the most widely used
symmetrical encryption algorithm
19copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Public Key Encryption (Asymmetrical Key Encryption)
Encryption (cont)
20copy Prentice Hall 2000
Encryption (cont)
Digital Envelope mdash combination of symmetrical and public key encryption
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Session Key Session Key
Public key of Recipient
Public key of RecipientSession Key Session KeyDigital Envelop
21copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Digital Signatures Authenticity and Non-Denial
Signature Signature
Private Key of Sender
Public Key of Sender
CipheredText
Encryption (cont)
22copy Prentice Hall 2000
Digital Certificates andCertifying Authorities
Digital Certificates Verify the holder of a public and private key is who he
she or it claims to beCertifying Authorities (CA)
Issue digital certificates Verify the information and creates a certificate that
contains the applicantrsquos public key along with identifying information
Uses their private key to encrypt the certificate and sends the signed certificate to the applicant
23copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
A protocol that operates at the TCPIP layerEncrypts communications between browsers
and serversSupports a variety of encryption algorithms
and authentication methodsEncrypts credit card numbers that are sent
from a consumerrsquos browser to a merchantsrsquo Web site
24copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
A cryptographic protocol to handle the complete transaction
Provides authentication confidentiality message integrity and linkage
Supporting features Cardholder registration Merchant registration Purchase requests Payment authorizations Payment capture
Chargebacks Credits Credit reversal Debit card transactions
25copy Prentice Hall 2000
Access Control
Password Protection Passwords are notoriously susceptible to
compromiseUsers have a habit of sharing their passwords with
others writing them down where others can see them and choosing passwords that are easily guessed
Browser transmits the passwords in a form that is easily intercepted and decoded By making sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder only has restricted access to the rest of the network which is one of the roles of a firewall
26copy Prentice Hall 2000
Firewalls A network node consisting of both hardware and software that isolates
a private network from a public network Make sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder
only has restricted access to the rest of the network Two types
Dual-homed gatewaybastion gateway connects a private internal network to outside Internetproxies (software programs) run on the gateway server and pass
repackaged packets from one network to the other Screen-host gateway
screened subnet gateway in which the bastion gateway offers access to a small segment of the internal network
demilitarized zone is the open subnet
27copy Prentice Hall 2000
Screened Subnet Firewall
InternetRouter Local
Network
BastionHost
ProxiesFTP HTTP
NNTPTelnet
Router
FTP Server
Web Server
copy Prentice Hall 2000
28copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
A VPN combines encryption authentication and protocol tunneling to provide secure transport of private communications over the public Internet Itrsquos as if the Internet becomes part of a larger enterprise wide area network (WAN) In this way transmission costs are drastically reduced because workers can access enterprise data by making a local call into an ISP rather than using a long distance phone call
29copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
Real challenge of a VPN To ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data transmitted
over the Internet
Protocol tunneling Support multi-protocol networking To encrypt and encapsulate the data being transmitted Types of protocol mdash being used to carry out protocol tunneling
protocols are aimed primarily at site-to-site VPNs (eg IPV6)protocols are used to support VPNs that provide employees
customers and others with dial-up access via an ISP (eg Microsoftrsquos Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP))
30copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the WebFunction Requirements for an Electronic Storefront
Search for discover and compare products for purchase Select a product to be purchased and negotiate or determine its total
price Place an order for desired products Have their order confirmed ensuring that the desired product is
available Pay for the ordered products (usually through some form of credit) Verify their credit and approve their purchase Have orders processed Verify that the product has been shipped Request post-sales support or provide feedback to the seller
31copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the Web (cont)
Electronic storefront must contain A merchant system or storefront that provides the
merchantrsquos catalog with products prices and promotions
A transaction system for processing orders and payments and other aspects of the transaction
A payment gateway that routes payments through existing financial systems primarily for the purpose of credit card authorization and settlement
32copy Prentice Hall 2000
Outsourcing Vs Insourcing Insourcingmdash build and run the electronic storefront inhouse
Large companies wanting bull to ldquoexperimentrdquo with e-commerce without a great investmentbull to protect their own internal networksbull to rely on experts to establish their sites
Outsourcingmdash contract with an outside firmSmaller or medium sized companies with few IT staff and smaller
budgetsThree types of providers
bull Internet Mallsmdash offers cross-selling from one store to another and provides a common payment structure
bull Internet Service Providersmdash focused on operating a secure transaction environment not on store content
bull Telecommunication Companiesmdash includes the full range of e-commerce solutions
33copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers
The virtual equivalents of traditional product catalogs Commonly include
Templates or wizards for creating a storefront and catalog pages with pictures describing products for sale
Electronic shopping carts that enable consumers to gather items of interest until they are ready for checkout
Web-based order forms for making secure purchases (either through a SSL or a SET)
Database for maintaining product descriptions and pricing as well as customer orders
Integration with third party software for calculating taxes and shipping costs and for handling distribution and fulfillment
34copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Internet
WebServer
FinancialNetwork
Merchant Server Architecture
3rd PartyApplications
WebBrowser
StoreHTML Pages
MerchantServer
DatabaseCatalogOrder
copy Prentice Hall 2000
35copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Two of the best known products in this category iCat Electronic Commerce Suite
Standard edition includesbull Catalog templatesbull Shopping cartsbull Product searching
Professional edition provides support forbull High-end databasesbull Integration with ISAPI and Netscapes NSAPIbull Options for third-party plug-ins for searching user tracking sale
pricing discounting etc
bull Cross sellingbull Secure payment processing
36copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Microsoftrsquos Site Server Commerce EditionFeatures of this product are
bull Commerce Sample Sites providing templates for complete applicationsbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet supporting a variety of digital currenciesbull Site Builder Wizard for stores with multi-level departmentsbull Commerce Server Software Development Kit (SDK) for developing custom-
order processingbull Order processing pipeline for managing orders according to specified
business rulesbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet Software Development Kit (SDK) for supporting a variety of
digital payment schemesbull Promotion and Cross-selling Manager for administering a range of
specialized promotions discountscross-selling opportunitiesbull Integration with Microsoftrsquos Web site development (eg Visual InterDev) and
administrative tools (eg NT Security Support)
37copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Commerce Suites Offer merchants greater flexibility specialization
customization and integration in supporting complete front and back-office functionality
Internet
CatalogApplicationCustomer
ManagementRegistration
Profiles Service
Order CaptureCompletion Fulfillment
SystemsPayment
Processing(SET amp Purchase
Order)
CatalogDatabase
CustomerDatabase
OrderDatabase
PaymentDatabase
FinancialNetwork
WebBrowser Web
Server
Open Market E-Commerce Server Architecture
38copy Prentice Hall 2000
Open Market (wwwopenmarketcom)
One of the market leaders in the electronic commerce software segment
Provides a compete set of end-to-end transaction services includingAnalysis and ProfilingDemand GenerationOrder ManagementFulfillmentPaymentSelf-ServiceCustomer ServiceReporting
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
14copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web-based ClientServer (cont)
Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) A new protocol Lightweight stateless protocol that browsers and
servers use to converse with one another Statelessness - every request that a browser makes opens a
new connection that is immediately closed after the document is returnedrepresents a substantial problem for e-commerce applicationsan individual user is likely to have a series of interactions with the
application MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension)
describes the contents of the documentin the case of an HTML page the header is ldquoContent-type texthtmlrdquo
15copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web Browsers (1999 Generation)
IE 46 suite of components consists of the browser along with the following tools
Outlook Express for e-mail readingFrontPage Express for authoring of HTML Web pagesNet Meeting for collaboration
Netscape Navigator 46 suite consists of the browser plus the following componentsMessenger for e-mail readingComposer for authoring HTML Web pagesCollabora for news offeringsCalendar for personal and group schedulingNetcaster for push delivery of Web pages
16copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web Servers A Software Program
http daemon in Unix http service in Windows NT Functions
service HTTP requestsprovide access control determining who can access
particular directories or files on the Web serverrun scripts and external programs to either add
functionality to the Web documents or provide real-time access to database and other dynamic data
enable management and administration of both the server functions and the contents of the Web site
log transactions that the user makes Distinguished by
platforms performance security and commerce
17copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet SecurityCornerstones of Security
Authenticitythe sender (either client or server) of a message is who he she or
it claims to be Privacy
the contents of a message are secret and only known to the sender and receiver
Integritythe contents of a message are not modified (intentionally or
accidentally) during transmission Non-repudiation
the sender of a message cannot deny that he she or it actually sent the message
18copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Private Key Private Key
Encryption
Private Key Encryption (Symmetrical Key Encryption)Data Encryption Standard (DES) is the most widely used
symmetrical encryption algorithm
19copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Public Key Encryption (Asymmetrical Key Encryption)
Encryption (cont)
20copy Prentice Hall 2000
Encryption (cont)
Digital Envelope mdash combination of symmetrical and public key encryption
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Session Key Session Key
Public key of Recipient
Public key of RecipientSession Key Session KeyDigital Envelop
21copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Digital Signatures Authenticity and Non-Denial
Signature Signature
Private Key of Sender
Public Key of Sender
CipheredText
Encryption (cont)
22copy Prentice Hall 2000
Digital Certificates andCertifying Authorities
Digital Certificates Verify the holder of a public and private key is who he
she or it claims to beCertifying Authorities (CA)
Issue digital certificates Verify the information and creates a certificate that
contains the applicantrsquos public key along with identifying information
Uses their private key to encrypt the certificate and sends the signed certificate to the applicant
23copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
A protocol that operates at the TCPIP layerEncrypts communications between browsers
and serversSupports a variety of encryption algorithms
and authentication methodsEncrypts credit card numbers that are sent
from a consumerrsquos browser to a merchantsrsquo Web site
24copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
A cryptographic protocol to handle the complete transaction
Provides authentication confidentiality message integrity and linkage
Supporting features Cardholder registration Merchant registration Purchase requests Payment authorizations Payment capture
Chargebacks Credits Credit reversal Debit card transactions
25copy Prentice Hall 2000
Access Control
Password Protection Passwords are notoriously susceptible to
compromiseUsers have a habit of sharing their passwords with
others writing them down where others can see them and choosing passwords that are easily guessed
Browser transmits the passwords in a form that is easily intercepted and decoded By making sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder only has restricted access to the rest of the network which is one of the roles of a firewall
26copy Prentice Hall 2000
Firewalls A network node consisting of both hardware and software that isolates
a private network from a public network Make sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder
only has restricted access to the rest of the network Two types
Dual-homed gatewaybastion gateway connects a private internal network to outside Internetproxies (software programs) run on the gateway server and pass
repackaged packets from one network to the other Screen-host gateway
screened subnet gateway in which the bastion gateway offers access to a small segment of the internal network
demilitarized zone is the open subnet
27copy Prentice Hall 2000
Screened Subnet Firewall
InternetRouter Local
Network
BastionHost
ProxiesFTP HTTP
NNTPTelnet
Router
FTP Server
Web Server
copy Prentice Hall 2000
28copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
A VPN combines encryption authentication and protocol tunneling to provide secure transport of private communications over the public Internet Itrsquos as if the Internet becomes part of a larger enterprise wide area network (WAN) In this way transmission costs are drastically reduced because workers can access enterprise data by making a local call into an ISP rather than using a long distance phone call
29copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
Real challenge of a VPN To ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data transmitted
over the Internet
Protocol tunneling Support multi-protocol networking To encrypt and encapsulate the data being transmitted Types of protocol mdash being used to carry out protocol tunneling
protocols are aimed primarily at site-to-site VPNs (eg IPV6)protocols are used to support VPNs that provide employees
customers and others with dial-up access via an ISP (eg Microsoftrsquos Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP))
30copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the WebFunction Requirements for an Electronic Storefront
Search for discover and compare products for purchase Select a product to be purchased and negotiate or determine its total
price Place an order for desired products Have their order confirmed ensuring that the desired product is
available Pay for the ordered products (usually through some form of credit) Verify their credit and approve their purchase Have orders processed Verify that the product has been shipped Request post-sales support or provide feedback to the seller
31copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the Web (cont)
Electronic storefront must contain A merchant system or storefront that provides the
merchantrsquos catalog with products prices and promotions
A transaction system for processing orders and payments and other aspects of the transaction
A payment gateway that routes payments through existing financial systems primarily for the purpose of credit card authorization and settlement
32copy Prentice Hall 2000
Outsourcing Vs Insourcing Insourcingmdash build and run the electronic storefront inhouse
Large companies wanting bull to ldquoexperimentrdquo with e-commerce without a great investmentbull to protect their own internal networksbull to rely on experts to establish their sites
Outsourcingmdash contract with an outside firmSmaller or medium sized companies with few IT staff and smaller
budgetsThree types of providers
bull Internet Mallsmdash offers cross-selling from one store to another and provides a common payment structure
bull Internet Service Providersmdash focused on operating a secure transaction environment not on store content
bull Telecommunication Companiesmdash includes the full range of e-commerce solutions
33copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers
The virtual equivalents of traditional product catalogs Commonly include
Templates or wizards for creating a storefront and catalog pages with pictures describing products for sale
Electronic shopping carts that enable consumers to gather items of interest until they are ready for checkout
Web-based order forms for making secure purchases (either through a SSL or a SET)
Database for maintaining product descriptions and pricing as well as customer orders
Integration with third party software for calculating taxes and shipping costs and for handling distribution and fulfillment
34copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Internet
WebServer
FinancialNetwork
Merchant Server Architecture
3rd PartyApplications
WebBrowser
StoreHTML Pages
MerchantServer
DatabaseCatalogOrder
copy Prentice Hall 2000
35copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Two of the best known products in this category iCat Electronic Commerce Suite
Standard edition includesbull Catalog templatesbull Shopping cartsbull Product searching
Professional edition provides support forbull High-end databasesbull Integration with ISAPI and Netscapes NSAPIbull Options for third-party plug-ins for searching user tracking sale
pricing discounting etc
bull Cross sellingbull Secure payment processing
36copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Microsoftrsquos Site Server Commerce EditionFeatures of this product are
bull Commerce Sample Sites providing templates for complete applicationsbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet supporting a variety of digital currenciesbull Site Builder Wizard for stores with multi-level departmentsbull Commerce Server Software Development Kit (SDK) for developing custom-
order processingbull Order processing pipeline for managing orders according to specified
business rulesbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet Software Development Kit (SDK) for supporting a variety of
digital payment schemesbull Promotion and Cross-selling Manager for administering a range of
specialized promotions discountscross-selling opportunitiesbull Integration with Microsoftrsquos Web site development (eg Visual InterDev) and
administrative tools (eg NT Security Support)
37copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Commerce Suites Offer merchants greater flexibility specialization
customization and integration in supporting complete front and back-office functionality
Internet
CatalogApplicationCustomer
ManagementRegistration
Profiles Service
Order CaptureCompletion Fulfillment
SystemsPayment
Processing(SET amp Purchase
Order)
CatalogDatabase
CustomerDatabase
OrderDatabase
PaymentDatabase
FinancialNetwork
WebBrowser Web
Server
Open Market E-Commerce Server Architecture
38copy Prentice Hall 2000
Open Market (wwwopenmarketcom)
One of the market leaders in the electronic commerce software segment
Provides a compete set of end-to-end transaction services includingAnalysis and ProfilingDemand GenerationOrder ManagementFulfillmentPaymentSelf-ServiceCustomer ServiceReporting
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
15copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web Browsers (1999 Generation)
IE 46 suite of components consists of the browser along with the following tools
Outlook Express for e-mail readingFrontPage Express for authoring of HTML Web pagesNet Meeting for collaboration
Netscape Navigator 46 suite consists of the browser plus the following componentsMessenger for e-mail readingComposer for authoring HTML Web pagesCollabora for news offeringsCalendar for personal and group schedulingNetcaster for push delivery of Web pages
16copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web Servers A Software Program
http daemon in Unix http service in Windows NT Functions
service HTTP requestsprovide access control determining who can access
particular directories or files on the Web serverrun scripts and external programs to either add
functionality to the Web documents or provide real-time access to database and other dynamic data
enable management and administration of both the server functions and the contents of the Web site
log transactions that the user makes Distinguished by
platforms performance security and commerce
17copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet SecurityCornerstones of Security
Authenticitythe sender (either client or server) of a message is who he she or
it claims to be Privacy
the contents of a message are secret and only known to the sender and receiver
Integritythe contents of a message are not modified (intentionally or
accidentally) during transmission Non-repudiation
the sender of a message cannot deny that he she or it actually sent the message
18copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Private Key Private Key
Encryption
Private Key Encryption (Symmetrical Key Encryption)Data Encryption Standard (DES) is the most widely used
symmetrical encryption algorithm
19copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Public Key Encryption (Asymmetrical Key Encryption)
Encryption (cont)
20copy Prentice Hall 2000
Encryption (cont)
Digital Envelope mdash combination of symmetrical and public key encryption
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Session Key Session Key
Public key of Recipient
Public key of RecipientSession Key Session KeyDigital Envelop
21copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Digital Signatures Authenticity and Non-Denial
Signature Signature
Private Key of Sender
Public Key of Sender
CipheredText
Encryption (cont)
22copy Prentice Hall 2000
Digital Certificates andCertifying Authorities
Digital Certificates Verify the holder of a public and private key is who he
she or it claims to beCertifying Authorities (CA)
Issue digital certificates Verify the information and creates a certificate that
contains the applicantrsquos public key along with identifying information
Uses their private key to encrypt the certificate and sends the signed certificate to the applicant
23copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
A protocol that operates at the TCPIP layerEncrypts communications between browsers
and serversSupports a variety of encryption algorithms
and authentication methodsEncrypts credit card numbers that are sent
from a consumerrsquos browser to a merchantsrsquo Web site
24copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
A cryptographic protocol to handle the complete transaction
Provides authentication confidentiality message integrity and linkage
Supporting features Cardholder registration Merchant registration Purchase requests Payment authorizations Payment capture
Chargebacks Credits Credit reversal Debit card transactions
25copy Prentice Hall 2000
Access Control
Password Protection Passwords are notoriously susceptible to
compromiseUsers have a habit of sharing their passwords with
others writing them down where others can see them and choosing passwords that are easily guessed
Browser transmits the passwords in a form that is easily intercepted and decoded By making sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder only has restricted access to the rest of the network which is one of the roles of a firewall
26copy Prentice Hall 2000
Firewalls A network node consisting of both hardware and software that isolates
a private network from a public network Make sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder
only has restricted access to the rest of the network Two types
Dual-homed gatewaybastion gateway connects a private internal network to outside Internetproxies (software programs) run on the gateway server and pass
repackaged packets from one network to the other Screen-host gateway
screened subnet gateway in which the bastion gateway offers access to a small segment of the internal network
demilitarized zone is the open subnet
27copy Prentice Hall 2000
Screened Subnet Firewall
InternetRouter Local
Network
BastionHost
ProxiesFTP HTTP
NNTPTelnet
Router
FTP Server
Web Server
copy Prentice Hall 2000
28copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
A VPN combines encryption authentication and protocol tunneling to provide secure transport of private communications over the public Internet Itrsquos as if the Internet becomes part of a larger enterprise wide area network (WAN) In this way transmission costs are drastically reduced because workers can access enterprise data by making a local call into an ISP rather than using a long distance phone call
29copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
Real challenge of a VPN To ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data transmitted
over the Internet
Protocol tunneling Support multi-protocol networking To encrypt and encapsulate the data being transmitted Types of protocol mdash being used to carry out protocol tunneling
protocols are aimed primarily at site-to-site VPNs (eg IPV6)protocols are used to support VPNs that provide employees
customers and others with dial-up access via an ISP (eg Microsoftrsquos Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP))
30copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the WebFunction Requirements for an Electronic Storefront
Search for discover and compare products for purchase Select a product to be purchased and negotiate or determine its total
price Place an order for desired products Have their order confirmed ensuring that the desired product is
available Pay for the ordered products (usually through some form of credit) Verify their credit and approve their purchase Have orders processed Verify that the product has been shipped Request post-sales support or provide feedback to the seller
31copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the Web (cont)
Electronic storefront must contain A merchant system or storefront that provides the
merchantrsquos catalog with products prices and promotions
A transaction system for processing orders and payments and other aspects of the transaction
A payment gateway that routes payments through existing financial systems primarily for the purpose of credit card authorization and settlement
32copy Prentice Hall 2000
Outsourcing Vs Insourcing Insourcingmdash build and run the electronic storefront inhouse
Large companies wanting bull to ldquoexperimentrdquo with e-commerce without a great investmentbull to protect their own internal networksbull to rely on experts to establish their sites
Outsourcingmdash contract with an outside firmSmaller or medium sized companies with few IT staff and smaller
budgetsThree types of providers
bull Internet Mallsmdash offers cross-selling from one store to another and provides a common payment structure
bull Internet Service Providersmdash focused on operating a secure transaction environment not on store content
bull Telecommunication Companiesmdash includes the full range of e-commerce solutions
33copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers
The virtual equivalents of traditional product catalogs Commonly include
Templates or wizards for creating a storefront and catalog pages with pictures describing products for sale
Electronic shopping carts that enable consumers to gather items of interest until they are ready for checkout
Web-based order forms for making secure purchases (either through a SSL or a SET)
Database for maintaining product descriptions and pricing as well as customer orders
Integration with third party software for calculating taxes and shipping costs and for handling distribution and fulfillment
34copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Internet
WebServer
FinancialNetwork
Merchant Server Architecture
3rd PartyApplications
WebBrowser
StoreHTML Pages
MerchantServer
DatabaseCatalogOrder
copy Prentice Hall 2000
35copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Two of the best known products in this category iCat Electronic Commerce Suite
Standard edition includesbull Catalog templatesbull Shopping cartsbull Product searching
Professional edition provides support forbull High-end databasesbull Integration with ISAPI and Netscapes NSAPIbull Options for third-party plug-ins for searching user tracking sale
pricing discounting etc
bull Cross sellingbull Secure payment processing
36copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Microsoftrsquos Site Server Commerce EditionFeatures of this product are
bull Commerce Sample Sites providing templates for complete applicationsbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet supporting a variety of digital currenciesbull Site Builder Wizard for stores with multi-level departmentsbull Commerce Server Software Development Kit (SDK) for developing custom-
order processingbull Order processing pipeline for managing orders according to specified
business rulesbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet Software Development Kit (SDK) for supporting a variety of
digital payment schemesbull Promotion and Cross-selling Manager for administering a range of
specialized promotions discountscross-selling opportunitiesbull Integration with Microsoftrsquos Web site development (eg Visual InterDev) and
administrative tools (eg NT Security Support)
37copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Commerce Suites Offer merchants greater flexibility specialization
customization and integration in supporting complete front and back-office functionality
Internet
CatalogApplicationCustomer
ManagementRegistration
Profiles Service
Order CaptureCompletion Fulfillment
SystemsPayment
Processing(SET amp Purchase
Order)
CatalogDatabase
CustomerDatabase
OrderDatabase
PaymentDatabase
FinancialNetwork
WebBrowser Web
Server
Open Market E-Commerce Server Architecture
38copy Prentice Hall 2000
Open Market (wwwopenmarketcom)
One of the market leaders in the electronic commerce software segment
Provides a compete set of end-to-end transaction services includingAnalysis and ProfilingDemand GenerationOrder ManagementFulfillmentPaymentSelf-ServiceCustomer ServiceReporting
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
16copy Prentice Hall 2000
Web Servers A Software Program
http daemon in Unix http service in Windows NT Functions
service HTTP requestsprovide access control determining who can access
particular directories or files on the Web serverrun scripts and external programs to either add
functionality to the Web documents or provide real-time access to database and other dynamic data
enable management and administration of both the server functions and the contents of the Web site
log transactions that the user makes Distinguished by
platforms performance security and commerce
17copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet SecurityCornerstones of Security
Authenticitythe sender (either client or server) of a message is who he she or
it claims to be Privacy
the contents of a message are secret and only known to the sender and receiver
Integritythe contents of a message are not modified (intentionally or
accidentally) during transmission Non-repudiation
the sender of a message cannot deny that he she or it actually sent the message
18copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Private Key Private Key
Encryption
Private Key Encryption (Symmetrical Key Encryption)Data Encryption Standard (DES) is the most widely used
symmetrical encryption algorithm
19copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Public Key Encryption (Asymmetrical Key Encryption)
Encryption (cont)
20copy Prentice Hall 2000
Encryption (cont)
Digital Envelope mdash combination of symmetrical and public key encryption
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Session Key Session Key
Public key of Recipient
Public key of RecipientSession Key Session KeyDigital Envelop
21copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Digital Signatures Authenticity and Non-Denial
Signature Signature
Private Key of Sender
Public Key of Sender
CipheredText
Encryption (cont)
22copy Prentice Hall 2000
Digital Certificates andCertifying Authorities
Digital Certificates Verify the holder of a public and private key is who he
she or it claims to beCertifying Authorities (CA)
Issue digital certificates Verify the information and creates a certificate that
contains the applicantrsquos public key along with identifying information
Uses their private key to encrypt the certificate and sends the signed certificate to the applicant
23copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
A protocol that operates at the TCPIP layerEncrypts communications between browsers
and serversSupports a variety of encryption algorithms
and authentication methodsEncrypts credit card numbers that are sent
from a consumerrsquos browser to a merchantsrsquo Web site
24copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
A cryptographic protocol to handle the complete transaction
Provides authentication confidentiality message integrity and linkage
Supporting features Cardholder registration Merchant registration Purchase requests Payment authorizations Payment capture
Chargebacks Credits Credit reversal Debit card transactions
25copy Prentice Hall 2000
Access Control
Password Protection Passwords are notoriously susceptible to
compromiseUsers have a habit of sharing their passwords with
others writing them down where others can see them and choosing passwords that are easily guessed
Browser transmits the passwords in a form that is easily intercepted and decoded By making sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder only has restricted access to the rest of the network which is one of the roles of a firewall
26copy Prentice Hall 2000
Firewalls A network node consisting of both hardware and software that isolates
a private network from a public network Make sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder
only has restricted access to the rest of the network Two types
Dual-homed gatewaybastion gateway connects a private internal network to outside Internetproxies (software programs) run on the gateway server and pass
repackaged packets from one network to the other Screen-host gateway
screened subnet gateway in which the bastion gateway offers access to a small segment of the internal network
demilitarized zone is the open subnet
27copy Prentice Hall 2000
Screened Subnet Firewall
InternetRouter Local
Network
BastionHost
ProxiesFTP HTTP
NNTPTelnet
Router
FTP Server
Web Server
copy Prentice Hall 2000
28copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
A VPN combines encryption authentication and protocol tunneling to provide secure transport of private communications over the public Internet Itrsquos as if the Internet becomes part of a larger enterprise wide area network (WAN) In this way transmission costs are drastically reduced because workers can access enterprise data by making a local call into an ISP rather than using a long distance phone call
29copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
Real challenge of a VPN To ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data transmitted
over the Internet
Protocol tunneling Support multi-protocol networking To encrypt and encapsulate the data being transmitted Types of protocol mdash being used to carry out protocol tunneling
protocols are aimed primarily at site-to-site VPNs (eg IPV6)protocols are used to support VPNs that provide employees
customers and others with dial-up access via an ISP (eg Microsoftrsquos Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP))
30copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the WebFunction Requirements for an Electronic Storefront
Search for discover and compare products for purchase Select a product to be purchased and negotiate or determine its total
price Place an order for desired products Have their order confirmed ensuring that the desired product is
available Pay for the ordered products (usually through some form of credit) Verify their credit and approve their purchase Have orders processed Verify that the product has been shipped Request post-sales support or provide feedback to the seller
31copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the Web (cont)
Electronic storefront must contain A merchant system or storefront that provides the
merchantrsquos catalog with products prices and promotions
A transaction system for processing orders and payments and other aspects of the transaction
A payment gateway that routes payments through existing financial systems primarily for the purpose of credit card authorization and settlement
32copy Prentice Hall 2000
Outsourcing Vs Insourcing Insourcingmdash build and run the electronic storefront inhouse
Large companies wanting bull to ldquoexperimentrdquo with e-commerce without a great investmentbull to protect their own internal networksbull to rely on experts to establish their sites
Outsourcingmdash contract with an outside firmSmaller or medium sized companies with few IT staff and smaller
budgetsThree types of providers
bull Internet Mallsmdash offers cross-selling from one store to another and provides a common payment structure
bull Internet Service Providersmdash focused on operating a secure transaction environment not on store content
bull Telecommunication Companiesmdash includes the full range of e-commerce solutions
33copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers
The virtual equivalents of traditional product catalogs Commonly include
Templates or wizards for creating a storefront and catalog pages with pictures describing products for sale
Electronic shopping carts that enable consumers to gather items of interest until they are ready for checkout
Web-based order forms for making secure purchases (either through a SSL or a SET)
Database for maintaining product descriptions and pricing as well as customer orders
Integration with third party software for calculating taxes and shipping costs and for handling distribution and fulfillment
34copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Internet
WebServer
FinancialNetwork
Merchant Server Architecture
3rd PartyApplications
WebBrowser
StoreHTML Pages
MerchantServer
DatabaseCatalogOrder
copy Prentice Hall 2000
35copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Two of the best known products in this category iCat Electronic Commerce Suite
Standard edition includesbull Catalog templatesbull Shopping cartsbull Product searching
Professional edition provides support forbull High-end databasesbull Integration with ISAPI and Netscapes NSAPIbull Options for third-party plug-ins for searching user tracking sale
pricing discounting etc
bull Cross sellingbull Secure payment processing
36copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Microsoftrsquos Site Server Commerce EditionFeatures of this product are
bull Commerce Sample Sites providing templates for complete applicationsbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet supporting a variety of digital currenciesbull Site Builder Wizard for stores with multi-level departmentsbull Commerce Server Software Development Kit (SDK) for developing custom-
order processingbull Order processing pipeline for managing orders according to specified
business rulesbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet Software Development Kit (SDK) for supporting a variety of
digital payment schemesbull Promotion and Cross-selling Manager for administering a range of
specialized promotions discountscross-selling opportunitiesbull Integration with Microsoftrsquos Web site development (eg Visual InterDev) and
administrative tools (eg NT Security Support)
37copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Commerce Suites Offer merchants greater flexibility specialization
customization and integration in supporting complete front and back-office functionality
Internet
CatalogApplicationCustomer
ManagementRegistration
Profiles Service
Order CaptureCompletion Fulfillment
SystemsPayment
Processing(SET amp Purchase
Order)
CatalogDatabase
CustomerDatabase
OrderDatabase
PaymentDatabase
FinancialNetwork
WebBrowser Web
Server
Open Market E-Commerce Server Architecture
38copy Prentice Hall 2000
Open Market (wwwopenmarketcom)
One of the market leaders in the electronic commerce software segment
Provides a compete set of end-to-end transaction services includingAnalysis and ProfilingDemand GenerationOrder ManagementFulfillmentPaymentSelf-ServiceCustomer ServiceReporting
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
17copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet SecurityCornerstones of Security
Authenticitythe sender (either client or server) of a message is who he she or
it claims to be Privacy
the contents of a message are secret and only known to the sender and receiver
Integritythe contents of a message are not modified (intentionally or
accidentally) during transmission Non-repudiation
the sender of a message cannot deny that he she or it actually sent the message
18copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Private Key Private Key
Encryption
Private Key Encryption (Symmetrical Key Encryption)Data Encryption Standard (DES) is the most widely used
symmetrical encryption algorithm
19copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Public Key Encryption (Asymmetrical Key Encryption)
Encryption (cont)
20copy Prentice Hall 2000
Encryption (cont)
Digital Envelope mdash combination of symmetrical and public key encryption
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Session Key Session Key
Public key of Recipient
Public key of RecipientSession Key Session KeyDigital Envelop
21copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Digital Signatures Authenticity and Non-Denial
Signature Signature
Private Key of Sender
Public Key of Sender
CipheredText
Encryption (cont)
22copy Prentice Hall 2000
Digital Certificates andCertifying Authorities
Digital Certificates Verify the holder of a public and private key is who he
she or it claims to beCertifying Authorities (CA)
Issue digital certificates Verify the information and creates a certificate that
contains the applicantrsquos public key along with identifying information
Uses their private key to encrypt the certificate and sends the signed certificate to the applicant
23copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
A protocol that operates at the TCPIP layerEncrypts communications between browsers
and serversSupports a variety of encryption algorithms
and authentication methodsEncrypts credit card numbers that are sent
from a consumerrsquos browser to a merchantsrsquo Web site
24copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
A cryptographic protocol to handle the complete transaction
Provides authentication confidentiality message integrity and linkage
Supporting features Cardholder registration Merchant registration Purchase requests Payment authorizations Payment capture
Chargebacks Credits Credit reversal Debit card transactions
25copy Prentice Hall 2000
Access Control
Password Protection Passwords are notoriously susceptible to
compromiseUsers have a habit of sharing their passwords with
others writing them down where others can see them and choosing passwords that are easily guessed
Browser transmits the passwords in a form that is easily intercepted and decoded By making sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder only has restricted access to the rest of the network which is one of the roles of a firewall
26copy Prentice Hall 2000
Firewalls A network node consisting of both hardware and software that isolates
a private network from a public network Make sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder
only has restricted access to the rest of the network Two types
Dual-homed gatewaybastion gateway connects a private internal network to outside Internetproxies (software programs) run on the gateway server and pass
repackaged packets from one network to the other Screen-host gateway
screened subnet gateway in which the bastion gateway offers access to a small segment of the internal network
demilitarized zone is the open subnet
27copy Prentice Hall 2000
Screened Subnet Firewall
InternetRouter Local
Network
BastionHost
ProxiesFTP HTTP
NNTPTelnet
Router
FTP Server
Web Server
copy Prentice Hall 2000
28copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
A VPN combines encryption authentication and protocol tunneling to provide secure transport of private communications over the public Internet Itrsquos as if the Internet becomes part of a larger enterprise wide area network (WAN) In this way transmission costs are drastically reduced because workers can access enterprise data by making a local call into an ISP rather than using a long distance phone call
29copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
Real challenge of a VPN To ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data transmitted
over the Internet
Protocol tunneling Support multi-protocol networking To encrypt and encapsulate the data being transmitted Types of protocol mdash being used to carry out protocol tunneling
protocols are aimed primarily at site-to-site VPNs (eg IPV6)protocols are used to support VPNs that provide employees
customers and others with dial-up access via an ISP (eg Microsoftrsquos Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP))
30copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the WebFunction Requirements for an Electronic Storefront
Search for discover and compare products for purchase Select a product to be purchased and negotiate or determine its total
price Place an order for desired products Have their order confirmed ensuring that the desired product is
available Pay for the ordered products (usually through some form of credit) Verify their credit and approve their purchase Have orders processed Verify that the product has been shipped Request post-sales support or provide feedback to the seller
31copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the Web (cont)
Electronic storefront must contain A merchant system or storefront that provides the
merchantrsquos catalog with products prices and promotions
A transaction system for processing orders and payments and other aspects of the transaction
A payment gateway that routes payments through existing financial systems primarily for the purpose of credit card authorization and settlement
32copy Prentice Hall 2000
Outsourcing Vs Insourcing Insourcingmdash build and run the electronic storefront inhouse
Large companies wanting bull to ldquoexperimentrdquo with e-commerce without a great investmentbull to protect their own internal networksbull to rely on experts to establish their sites
Outsourcingmdash contract with an outside firmSmaller or medium sized companies with few IT staff and smaller
budgetsThree types of providers
bull Internet Mallsmdash offers cross-selling from one store to another and provides a common payment structure
bull Internet Service Providersmdash focused on operating a secure transaction environment not on store content
bull Telecommunication Companiesmdash includes the full range of e-commerce solutions
33copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers
The virtual equivalents of traditional product catalogs Commonly include
Templates or wizards for creating a storefront and catalog pages with pictures describing products for sale
Electronic shopping carts that enable consumers to gather items of interest until they are ready for checkout
Web-based order forms for making secure purchases (either through a SSL or a SET)
Database for maintaining product descriptions and pricing as well as customer orders
Integration with third party software for calculating taxes and shipping costs and for handling distribution and fulfillment
34copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Internet
WebServer
FinancialNetwork
Merchant Server Architecture
3rd PartyApplications
WebBrowser
StoreHTML Pages
MerchantServer
DatabaseCatalogOrder
copy Prentice Hall 2000
35copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Two of the best known products in this category iCat Electronic Commerce Suite
Standard edition includesbull Catalog templatesbull Shopping cartsbull Product searching
Professional edition provides support forbull High-end databasesbull Integration with ISAPI and Netscapes NSAPIbull Options for third-party plug-ins for searching user tracking sale
pricing discounting etc
bull Cross sellingbull Secure payment processing
36copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Microsoftrsquos Site Server Commerce EditionFeatures of this product are
bull Commerce Sample Sites providing templates for complete applicationsbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet supporting a variety of digital currenciesbull Site Builder Wizard for stores with multi-level departmentsbull Commerce Server Software Development Kit (SDK) for developing custom-
order processingbull Order processing pipeline for managing orders according to specified
business rulesbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet Software Development Kit (SDK) for supporting a variety of
digital payment schemesbull Promotion and Cross-selling Manager for administering a range of
specialized promotions discountscross-selling opportunitiesbull Integration with Microsoftrsquos Web site development (eg Visual InterDev) and
administrative tools (eg NT Security Support)
37copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Commerce Suites Offer merchants greater flexibility specialization
customization and integration in supporting complete front and back-office functionality
Internet
CatalogApplicationCustomer
ManagementRegistration
Profiles Service
Order CaptureCompletion Fulfillment
SystemsPayment
Processing(SET amp Purchase
Order)
CatalogDatabase
CustomerDatabase
OrderDatabase
PaymentDatabase
FinancialNetwork
WebBrowser Web
Server
Open Market E-Commerce Server Architecture
38copy Prentice Hall 2000
Open Market (wwwopenmarketcom)
One of the market leaders in the electronic commerce software segment
Provides a compete set of end-to-end transaction services includingAnalysis and ProfilingDemand GenerationOrder ManagementFulfillmentPaymentSelf-ServiceCustomer ServiceReporting
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
18copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Private Key Private Key
Encryption
Private Key Encryption (Symmetrical Key Encryption)Data Encryption Standard (DES) is the most widely used
symmetrical encryption algorithm
19copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Public Key Encryption (Asymmetrical Key Encryption)
Encryption (cont)
20copy Prentice Hall 2000
Encryption (cont)
Digital Envelope mdash combination of symmetrical and public key encryption
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Session Key Session Key
Public key of Recipient
Public key of RecipientSession Key Session KeyDigital Envelop
21copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Digital Signatures Authenticity and Non-Denial
Signature Signature
Private Key of Sender
Public Key of Sender
CipheredText
Encryption (cont)
22copy Prentice Hall 2000
Digital Certificates andCertifying Authorities
Digital Certificates Verify the holder of a public and private key is who he
she or it claims to beCertifying Authorities (CA)
Issue digital certificates Verify the information and creates a certificate that
contains the applicantrsquos public key along with identifying information
Uses their private key to encrypt the certificate and sends the signed certificate to the applicant
23copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
A protocol that operates at the TCPIP layerEncrypts communications between browsers
and serversSupports a variety of encryption algorithms
and authentication methodsEncrypts credit card numbers that are sent
from a consumerrsquos browser to a merchantsrsquo Web site
24copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
A cryptographic protocol to handle the complete transaction
Provides authentication confidentiality message integrity and linkage
Supporting features Cardholder registration Merchant registration Purchase requests Payment authorizations Payment capture
Chargebacks Credits Credit reversal Debit card transactions
25copy Prentice Hall 2000
Access Control
Password Protection Passwords are notoriously susceptible to
compromiseUsers have a habit of sharing their passwords with
others writing them down where others can see them and choosing passwords that are easily guessed
Browser transmits the passwords in a form that is easily intercepted and decoded By making sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder only has restricted access to the rest of the network which is one of the roles of a firewall
26copy Prentice Hall 2000
Firewalls A network node consisting of both hardware and software that isolates
a private network from a public network Make sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder
only has restricted access to the rest of the network Two types
Dual-homed gatewaybastion gateway connects a private internal network to outside Internetproxies (software programs) run on the gateway server and pass
repackaged packets from one network to the other Screen-host gateway
screened subnet gateway in which the bastion gateway offers access to a small segment of the internal network
demilitarized zone is the open subnet
27copy Prentice Hall 2000
Screened Subnet Firewall
InternetRouter Local
Network
BastionHost
ProxiesFTP HTTP
NNTPTelnet
Router
FTP Server
Web Server
copy Prentice Hall 2000
28copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
A VPN combines encryption authentication and protocol tunneling to provide secure transport of private communications over the public Internet Itrsquos as if the Internet becomes part of a larger enterprise wide area network (WAN) In this way transmission costs are drastically reduced because workers can access enterprise data by making a local call into an ISP rather than using a long distance phone call
29copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
Real challenge of a VPN To ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data transmitted
over the Internet
Protocol tunneling Support multi-protocol networking To encrypt and encapsulate the data being transmitted Types of protocol mdash being used to carry out protocol tunneling
protocols are aimed primarily at site-to-site VPNs (eg IPV6)protocols are used to support VPNs that provide employees
customers and others with dial-up access via an ISP (eg Microsoftrsquos Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP))
30copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the WebFunction Requirements for an Electronic Storefront
Search for discover and compare products for purchase Select a product to be purchased and negotiate or determine its total
price Place an order for desired products Have their order confirmed ensuring that the desired product is
available Pay for the ordered products (usually through some form of credit) Verify their credit and approve their purchase Have orders processed Verify that the product has been shipped Request post-sales support or provide feedback to the seller
31copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the Web (cont)
Electronic storefront must contain A merchant system or storefront that provides the
merchantrsquos catalog with products prices and promotions
A transaction system for processing orders and payments and other aspects of the transaction
A payment gateway that routes payments through existing financial systems primarily for the purpose of credit card authorization and settlement
32copy Prentice Hall 2000
Outsourcing Vs Insourcing Insourcingmdash build and run the electronic storefront inhouse
Large companies wanting bull to ldquoexperimentrdquo with e-commerce without a great investmentbull to protect their own internal networksbull to rely on experts to establish their sites
Outsourcingmdash contract with an outside firmSmaller or medium sized companies with few IT staff and smaller
budgetsThree types of providers
bull Internet Mallsmdash offers cross-selling from one store to another and provides a common payment structure
bull Internet Service Providersmdash focused on operating a secure transaction environment not on store content
bull Telecommunication Companiesmdash includes the full range of e-commerce solutions
33copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers
The virtual equivalents of traditional product catalogs Commonly include
Templates or wizards for creating a storefront and catalog pages with pictures describing products for sale
Electronic shopping carts that enable consumers to gather items of interest until they are ready for checkout
Web-based order forms for making secure purchases (either through a SSL or a SET)
Database for maintaining product descriptions and pricing as well as customer orders
Integration with third party software for calculating taxes and shipping costs and for handling distribution and fulfillment
34copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Internet
WebServer
FinancialNetwork
Merchant Server Architecture
3rd PartyApplications
WebBrowser
StoreHTML Pages
MerchantServer
DatabaseCatalogOrder
copy Prentice Hall 2000
35copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Two of the best known products in this category iCat Electronic Commerce Suite
Standard edition includesbull Catalog templatesbull Shopping cartsbull Product searching
Professional edition provides support forbull High-end databasesbull Integration with ISAPI and Netscapes NSAPIbull Options for third-party plug-ins for searching user tracking sale
pricing discounting etc
bull Cross sellingbull Secure payment processing
36copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Microsoftrsquos Site Server Commerce EditionFeatures of this product are
bull Commerce Sample Sites providing templates for complete applicationsbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet supporting a variety of digital currenciesbull Site Builder Wizard for stores with multi-level departmentsbull Commerce Server Software Development Kit (SDK) for developing custom-
order processingbull Order processing pipeline for managing orders according to specified
business rulesbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet Software Development Kit (SDK) for supporting a variety of
digital payment schemesbull Promotion and Cross-selling Manager for administering a range of
specialized promotions discountscross-selling opportunitiesbull Integration with Microsoftrsquos Web site development (eg Visual InterDev) and
administrative tools (eg NT Security Support)
37copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Commerce Suites Offer merchants greater flexibility specialization
customization and integration in supporting complete front and back-office functionality
Internet
CatalogApplicationCustomer
ManagementRegistration
Profiles Service
Order CaptureCompletion Fulfillment
SystemsPayment
Processing(SET amp Purchase
Order)
CatalogDatabase
CustomerDatabase
OrderDatabase
PaymentDatabase
FinancialNetwork
WebBrowser Web
Server
Open Market E-Commerce Server Architecture
38copy Prentice Hall 2000
Open Market (wwwopenmarketcom)
One of the market leaders in the electronic commerce software segment
Provides a compete set of end-to-end transaction services includingAnalysis and ProfilingDemand GenerationOrder ManagementFulfillmentPaymentSelf-ServiceCustomer ServiceReporting
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
19copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Public Key Encryption (Asymmetrical Key Encryption)
Encryption (cont)
20copy Prentice Hall 2000
Encryption (cont)
Digital Envelope mdash combination of symmetrical and public key encryption
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Session Key Session Key
Public key of Recipient
Public key of RecipientSession Key Session KeyDigital Envelop
21copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Digital Signatures Authenticity and Non-Denial
Signature Signature
Private Key of Sender
Public Key of Sender
CipheredText
Encryption (cont)
22copy Prentice Hall 2000
Digital Certificates andCertifying Authorities
Digital Certificates Verify the holder of a public and private key is who he
she or it claims to beCertifying Authorities (CA)
Issue digital certificates Verify the information and creates a certificate that
contains the applicantrsquos public key along with identifying information
Uses their private key to encrypt the certificate and sends the signed certificate to the applicant
23copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
A protocol that operates at the TCPIP layerEncrypts communications between browsers
and serversSupports a variety of encryption algorithms
and authentication methodsEncrypts credit card numbers that are sent
from a consumerrsquos browser to a merchantsrsquo Web site
24copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
A cryptographic protocol to handle the complete transaction
Provides authentication confidentiality message integrity and linkage
Supporting features Cardholder registration Merchant registration Purchase requests Payment authorizations Payment capture
Chargebacks Credits Credit reversal Debit card transactions
25copy Prentice Hall 2000
Access Control
Password Protection Passwords are notoriously susceptible to
compromiseUsers have a habit of sharing their passwords with
others writing them down where others can see them and choosing passwords that are easily guessed
Browser transmits the passwords in a form that is easily intercepted and decoded By making sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder only has restricted access to the rest of the network which is one of the roles of a firewall
26copy Prentice Hall 2000
Firewalls A network node consisting of both hardware and software that isolates
a private network from a public network Make sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder
only has restricted access to the rest of the network Two types
Dual-homed gatewaybastion gateway connects a private internal network to outside Internetproxies (software programs) run on the gateway server and pass
repackaged packets from one network to the other Screen-host gateway
screened subnet gateway in which the bastion gateway offers access to a small segment of the internal network
demilitarized zone is the open subnet
27copy Prentice Hall 2000
Screened Subnet Firewall
InternetRouter Local
Network
BastionHost
ProxiesFTP HTTP
NNTPTelnet
Router
FTP Server
Web Server
copy Prentice Hall 2000
28copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
A VPN combines encryption authentication and protocol tunneling to provide secure transport of private communications over the public Internet Itrsquos as if the Internet becomes part of a larger enterprise wide area network (WAN) In this way transmission costs are drastically reduced because workers can access enterprise data by making a local call into an ISP rather than using a long distance phone call
29copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
Real challenge of a VPN To ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data transmitted
over the Internet
Protocol tunneling Support multi-protocol networking To encrypt and encapsulate the data being transmitted Types of protocol mdash being used to carry out protocol tunneling
protocols are aimed primarily at site-to-site VPNs (eg IPV6)protocols are used to support VPNs that provide employees
customers and others with dial-up access via an ISP (eg Microsoftrsquos Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP))
30copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the WebFunction Requirements for an Electronic Storefront
Search for discover and compare products for purchase Select a product to be purchased and negotiate or determine its total
price Place an order for desired products Have their order confirmed ensuring that the desired product is
available Pay for the ordered products (usually through some form of credit) Verify their credit and approve their purchase Have orders processed Verify that the product has been shipped Request post-sales support or provide feedback to the seller
31copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the Web (cont)
Electronic storefront must contain A merchant system or storefront that provides the
merchantrsquos catalog with products prices and promotions
A transaction system for processing orders and payments and other aspects of the transaction
A payment gateway that routes payments through existing financial systems primarily for the purpose of credit card authorization and settlement
32copy Prentice Hall 2000
Outsourcing Vs Insourcing Insourcingmdash build and run the electronic storefront inhouse
Large companies wanting bull to ldquoexperimentrdquo with e-commerce without a great investmentbull to protect their own internal networksbull to rely on experts to establish their sites
Outsourcingmdash contract with an outside firmSmaller or medium sized companies with few IT staff and smaller
budgetsThree types of providers
bull Internet Mallsmdash offers cross-selling from one store to another and provides a common payment structure
bull Internet Service Providersmdash focused on operating a secure transaction environment not on store content
bull Telecommunication Companiesmdash includes the full range of e-commerce solutions
33copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers
The virtual equivalents of traditional product catalogs Commonly include
Templates or wizards for creating a storefront and catalog pages with pictures describing products for sale
Electronic shopping carts that enable consumers to gather items of interest until they are ready for checkout
Web-based order forms for making secure purchases (either through a SSL or a SET)
Database for maintaining product descriptions and pricing as well as customer orders
Integration with third party software for calculating taxes and shipping costs and for handling distribution and fulfillment
34copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Internet
WebServer
FinancialNetwork
Merchant Server Architecture
3rd PartyApplications
WebBrowser
StoreHTML Pages
MerchantServer
DatabaseCatalogOrder
copy Prentice Hall 2000
35copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Two of the best known products in this category iCat Electronic Commerce Suite
Standard edition includesbull Catalog templatesbull Shopping cartsbull Product searching
Professional edition provides support forbull High-end databasesbull Integration with ISAPI and Netscapes NSAPIbull Options for third-party plug-ins for searching user tracking sale
pricing discounting etc
bull Cross sellingbull Secure payment processing
36copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Microsoftrsquos Site Server Commerce EditionFeatures of this product are
bull Commerce Sample Sites providing templates for complete applicationsbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet supporting a variety of digital currenciesbull Site Builder Wizard for stores with multi-level departmentsbull Commerce Server Software Development Kit (SDK) for developing custom-
order processingbull Order processing pipeline for managing orders according to specified
business rulesbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet Software Development Kit (SDK) for supporting a variety of
digital payment schemesbull Promotion and Cross-selling Manager for administering a range of
specialized promotions discountscross-selling opportunitiesbull Integration with Microsoftrsquos Web site development (eg Visual InterDev) and
administrative tools (eg NT Security Support)
37copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Commerce Suites Offer merchants greater flexibility specialization
customization and integration in supporting complete front and back-office functionality
Internet
CatalogApplicationCustomer
ManagementRegistration
Profiles Service
Order CaptureCompletion Fulfillment
SystemsPayment
Processing(SET amp Purchase
Order)
CatalogDatabase
CustomerDatabase
OrderDatabase
PaymentDatabase
FinancialNetwork
WebBrowser Web
Server
Open Market E-Commerce Server Architecture
38copy Prentice Hall 2000
Open Market (wwwopenmarketcom)
One of the market leaders in the electronic commerce software segment
Provides a compete set of end-to-end transaction services includingAnalysis and ProfilingDemand GenerationOrder ManagementFulfillmentPaymentSelf-ServiceCustomer ServiceReporting
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
20copy Prentice Hall 2000
Encryption (cont)
Digital Envelope mdash combination of symmetrical and public key encryption
MessageText
CipheredText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Session Key Session Key
Public key of Recipient
Public key of RecipientSession Key Session KeyDigital Envelop
21copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Digital Signatures Authenticity and Non-Denial
Signature Signature
Private Key of Sender
Public Key of Sender
CipheredText
Encryption (cont)
22copy Prentice Hall 2000
Digital Certificates andCertifying Authorities
Digital Certificates Verify the holder of a public and private key is who he
she or it claims to beCertifying Authorities (CA)
Issue digital certificates Verify the information and creates a certificate that
contains the applicantrsquos public key along with identifying information
Uses their private key to encrypt the certificate and sends the signed certificate to the applicant
23copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
A protocol that operates at the TCPIP layerEncrypts communications between browsers
and serversSupports a variety of encryption algorithms
and authentication methodsEncrypts credit card numbers that are sent
from a consumerrsquos browser to a merchantsrsquo Web site
24copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
A cryptographic protocol to handle the complete transaction
Provides authentication confidentiality message integrity and linkage
Supporting features Cardholder registration Merchant registration Purchase requests Payment authorizations Payment capture
Chargebacks Credits Credit reversal Debit card transactions
25copy Prentice Hall 2000
Access Control
Password Protection Passwords are notoriously susceptible to
compromiseUsers have a habit of sharing their passwords with
others writing them down where others can see them and choosing passwords that are easily guessed
Browser transmits the passwords in a form that is easily intercepted and decoded By making sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder only has restricted access to the rest of the network which is one of the roles of a firewall
26copy Prentice Hall 2000
Firewalls A network node consisting of both hardware and software that isolates
a private network from a public network Make sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder
only has restricted access to the rest of the network Two types
Dual-homed gatewaybastion gateway connects a private internal network to outside Internetproxies (software programs) run on the gateway server and pass
repackaged packets from one network to the other Screen-host gateway
screened subnet gateway in which the bastion gateway offers access to a small segment of the internal network
demilitarized zone is the open subnet
27copy Prentice Hall 2000
Screened Subnet Firewall
InternetRouter Local
Network
BastionHost
ProxiesFTP HTTP
NNTPTelnet
Router
FTP Server
Web Server
copy Prentice Hall 2000
28copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
A VPN combines encryption authentication and protocol tunneling to provide secure transport of private communications over the public Internet Itrsquos as if the Internet becomes part of a larger enterprise wide area network (WAN) In this way transmission costs are drastically reduced because workers can access enterprise data by making a local call into an ISP rather than using a long distance phone call
29copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
Real challenge of a VPN To ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data transmitted
over the Internet
Protocol tunneling Support multi-protocol networking To encrypt and encapsulate the data being transmitted Types of protocol mdash being used to carry out protocol tunneling
protocols are aimed primarily at site-to-site VPNs (eg IPV6)protocols are used to support VPNs that provide employees
customers and others with dial-up access via an ISP (eg Microsoftrsquos Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP))
30copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the WebFunction Requirements for an Electronic Storefront
Search for discover and compare products for purchase Select a product to be purchased and negotiate or determine its total
price Place an order for desired products Have their order confirmed ensuring that the desired product is
available Pay for the ordered products (usually through some form of credit) Verify their credit and approve their purchase Have orders processed Verify that the product has been shipped Request post-sales support or provide feedback to the seller
31copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the Web (cont)
Electronic storefront must contain A merchant system or storefront that provides the
merchantrsquos catalog with products prices and promotions
A transaction system for processing orders and payments and other aspects of the transaction
A payment gateway that routes payments through existing financial systems primarily for the purpose of credit card authorization and settlement
32copy Prentice Hall 2000
Outsourcing Vs Insourcing Insourcingmdash build and run the electronic storefront inhouse
Large companies wanting bull to ldquoexperimentrdquo with e-commerce without a great investmentbull to protect their own internal networksbull to rely on experts to establish their sites
Outsourcingmdash contract with an outside firmSmaller or medium sized companies with few IT staff and smaller
budgetsThree types of providers
bull Internet Mallsmdash offers cross-selling from one store to another and provides a common payment structure
bull Internet Service Providersmdash focused on operating a secure transaction environment not on store content
bull Telecommunication Companiesmdash includes the full range of e-commerce solutions
33copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers
The virtual equivalents of traditional product catalogs Commonly include
Templates or wizards for creating a storefront and catalog pages with pictures describing products for sale
Electronic shopping carts that enable consumers to gather items of interest until they are ready for checkout
Web-based order forms for making secure purchases (either through a SSL or a SET)
Database for maintaining product descriptions and pricing as well as customer orders
Integration with third party software for calculating taxes and shipping costs and for handling distribution and fulfillment
34copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Internet
WebServer
FinancialNetwork
Merchant Server Architecture
3rd PartyApplications
WebBrowser
StoreHTML Pages
MerchantServer
DatabaseCatalogOrder
copy Prentice Hall 2000
35copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Two of the best known products in this category iCat Electronic Commerce Suite
Standard edition includesbull Catalog templatesbull Shopping cartsbull Product searching
Professional edition provides support forbull High-end databasesbull Integration with ISAPI and Netscapes NSAPIbull Options for third-party plug-ins for searching user tracking sale
pricing discounting etc
bull Cross sellingbull Secure payment processing
36copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Microsoftrsquos Site Server Commerce EditionFeatures of this product are
bull Commerce Sample Sites providing templates for complete applicationsbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet supporting a variety of digital currenciesbull Site Builder Wizard for stores with multi-level departmentsbull Commerce Server Software Development Kit (SDK) for developing custom-
order processingbull Order processing pipeline for managing orders according to specified
business rulesbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet Software Development Kit (SDK) for supporting a variety of
digital payment schemesbull Promotion and Cross-selling Manager for administering a range of
specialized promotions discountscross-selling opportunitiesbull Integration with Microsoftrsquos Web site development (eg Visual InterDev) and
administrative tools (eg NT Security Support)
37copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Commerce Suites Offer merchants greater flexibility specialization
customization and integration in supporting complete front and back-office functionality
Internet
CatalogApplicationCustomer
ManagementRegistration
Profiles Service
Order CaptureCompletion Fulfillment
SystemsPayment
Processing(SET amp Purchase
Order)
CatalogDatabase
CustomerDatabase
OrderDatabase
PaymentDatabase
FinancialNetwork
WebBrowser Web
Server
Open Market E-Commerce Server Architecture
38copy Prentice Hall 2000
Open Market (wwwopenmarketcom)
One of the market leaders in the electronic commerce software segment
Provides a compete set of end-to-end transaction services includingAnalysis and ProfilingDemand GenerationOrder ManagementFulfillmentPaymentSelf-ServiceCustomer ServiceReporting
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
21copy Prentice Hall 2000
MessageText
MessageText
Sender Receiver
Encryption Decryption
Public Key of Recipient
Private Key ofRecipient
Digital Signatures Authenticity and Non-Denial
Signature Signature
Private Key of Sender
Public Key of Sender
CipheredText
Encryption (cont)
22copy Prentice Hall 2000
Digital Certificates andCertifying Authorities
Digital Certificates Verify the holder of a public and private key is who he
she or it claims to beCertifying Authorities (CA)
Issue digital certificates Verify the information and creates a certificate that
contains the applicantrsquos public key along with identifying information
Uses their private key to encrypt the certificate and sends the signed certificate to the applicant
23copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
A protocol that operates at the TCPIP layerEncrypts communications between browsers
and serversSupports a variety of encryption algorithms
and authentication methodsEncrypts credit card numbers that are sent
from a consumerrsquos browser to a merchantsrsquo Web site
24copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
A cryptographic protocol to handle the complete transaction
Provides authentication confidentiality message integrity and linkage
Supporting features Cardholder registration Merchant registration Purchase requests Payment authorizations Payment capture
Chargebacks Credits Credit reversal Debit card transactions
25copy Prentice Hall 2000
Access Control
Password Protection Passwords are notoriously susceptible to
compromiseUsers have a habit of sharing their passwords with
others writing them down where others can see them and choosing passwords that are easily guessed
Browser transmits the passwords in a form that is easily intercepted and decoded By making sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder only has restricted access to the rest of the network which is one of the roles of a firewall
26copy Prentice Hall 2000
Firewalls A network node consisting of both hardware and software that isolates
a private network from a public network Make sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder
only has restricted access to the rest of the network Two types
Dual-homed gatewaybastion gateway connects a private internal network to outside Internetproxies (software programs) run on the gateway server and pass
repackaged packets from one network to the other Screen-host gateway
screened subnet gateway in which the bastion gateway offers access to a small segment of the internal network
demilitarized zone is the open subnet
27copy Prentice Hall 2000
Screened Subnet Firewall
InternetRouter Local
Network
BastionHost
ProxiesFTP HTTP
NNTPTelnet
Router
FTP Server
Web Server
copy Prentice Hall 2000
28copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
A VPN combines encryption authentication and protocol tunneling to provide secure transport of private communications over the public Internet Itrsquos as if the Internet becomes part of a larger enterprise wide area network (WAN) In this way transmission costs are drastically reduced because workers can access enterprise data by making a local call into an ISP rather than using a long distance phone call
29copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
Real challenge of a VPN To ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data transmitted
over the Internet
Protocol tunneling Support multi-protocol networking To encrypt and encapsulate the data being transmitted Types of protocol mdash being used to carry out protocol tunneling
protocols are aimed primarily at site-to-site VPNs (eg IPV6)protocols are used to support VPNs that provide employees
customers and others with dial-up access via an ISP (eg Microsoftrsquos Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP))
30copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the WebFunction Requirements for an Electronic Storefront
Search for discover and compare products for purchase Select a product to be purchased and negotiate or determine its total
price Place an order for desired products Have their order confirmed ensuring that the desired product is
available Pay for the ordered products (usually through some form of credit) Verify their credit and approve their purchase Have orders processed Verify that the product has been shipped Request post-sales support or provide feedback to the seller
31copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the Web (cont)
Electronic storefront must contain A merchant system or storefront that provides the
merchantrsquos catalog with products prices and promotions
A transaction system for processing orders and payments and other aspects of the transaction
A payment gateway that routes payments through existing financial systems primarily for the purpose of credit card authorization and settlement
32copy Prentice Hall 2000
Outsourcing Vs Insourcing Insourcingmdash build and run the electronic storefront inhouse
Large companies wanting bull to ldquoexperimentrdquo with e-commerce without a great investmentbull to protect their own internal networksbull to rely on experts to establish their sites
Outsourcingmdash contract with an outside firmSmaller or medium sized companies with few IT staff and smaller
budgetsThree types of providers
bull Internet Mallsmdash offers cross-selling from one store to another and provides a common payment structure
bull Internet Service Providersmdash focused on operating a secure transaction environment not on store content
bull Telecommunication Companiesmdash includes the full range of e-commerce solutions
33copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers
The virtual equivalents of traditional product catalogs Commonly include
Templates or wizards for creating a storefront and catalog pages with pictures describing products for sale
Electronic shopping carts that enable consumers to gather items of interest until they are ready for checkout
Web-based order forms for making secure purchases (either through a SSL or a SET)
Database for maintaining product descriptions and pricing as well as customer orders
Integration with third party software for calculating taxes and shipping costs and for handling distribution and fulfillment
34copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Internet
WebServer
FinancialNetwork
Merchant Server Architecture
3rd PartyApplications
WebBrowser
StoreHTML Pages
MerchantServer
DatabaseCatalogOrder
copy Prentice Hall 2000
35copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Two of the best known products in this category iCat Electronic Commerce Suite
Standard edition includesbull Catalog templatesbull Shopping cartsbull Product searching
Professional edition provides support forbull High-end databasesbull Integration with ISAPI and Netscapes NSAPIbull Options for third-party plug-ins for searching user tracking sale
pricing discounting etc
bull Cross sellingbull Secure payment processing
36copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Microsoftrsquos Site Server Commerce EditionFeatures of this product are
bull Commerce Sample Sites providing templates for complete applicationsbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet supporting a variety of digital currenciesbull Site Builder Wizard for stores with multi-level departmentsbull Commerce Server Software Development Kit (SDK) for developing custom-
order processingbull Order processing pipeline for managing orders according to specified
business rulesbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet Software Development Kit (SDK) for supporting a variety of
digital payment schemesbull Promotion and Cross-selling Manager for administering a range of
specialized promotions discountscross-selling opportunitiesbull Integration with Microsoftrsquos Web site development (eg Visual InterDev) and
administrative tools (eg NT Security Support)
37copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Commerce Suites Offer merchants greater flexibility specialization
customization and integration in supporting complete front and back-office functionality
Internet
CatalogApplicationCustomer
ManagementRegistration
Profiles Service
Order CaptureCompletion Fulfillment
SystemsPayment
Processing(SET amp Purchase
Order)
CatalogDatabase
CustomerDatabase
OrderDatabase
PaymentDatabase
FinancialNetwork
WebBrowser Web
Server
Open Market E-Commerce Server Architecture
38copy Prentice Hall 2000
Open Market (wwwopenmarketcom)
One of the market leaders in the electronic commerce software segment
Provides a compete set of end-to-end transaction services includingAnalysis and ProfilingDemand GenerationOrder ManagementFulfillmentPaymentSelf-ServiceCustomer ServiceReporting
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
22copy Prentice Hall 2000
Digital Certificates andCertifying Authorities
Digital Certificates Verify the holder of a public and private key is who he
she or it claims to beCertifying Authorities (CA)
Issue digital certificates Verify the information and creates a certificate that
contains the applicantrsquos public key along with identifying information
Uses their private key to encrypt the certificate and sends the signed certificate to the applicant
23copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
A protocol that operates at the TCPIP layerEncrypts communications between browsers
and serversSupports a variety of encryption algorithms
and authentication methodsEncrypts credit card numbers that are sent
from a consumerrsquos browser to a merchantsrsquo Web site
24copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
A cryptographic protocol to handle the complete transaction
Provides authentication confidentiality message integrity and linkage
Supporting features Cardholder registration Merchant registration Purchase requests Payment authorizations Payment capture
Chargebacks Credits Credit reversal Debit card transactions
25copy Prentice Hall 2000
Access Control
Password Protection Passwords are notoriously susceptible to
compromiseUsers have a habit of sharing their passwords with
others writing them down where others can see them and choosing passwords that are easily guessed
Browser transmits the passwords in a form that is easily intercepted and decoded By making sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder only has restricted access to the rest of the network which is one of the roles of a firewall
26copy Prentice Hall 2000
Firewalls A network node consisting of both hardware and software that isolates
a private network from a public network Make sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder
only has restricted access to the rest of the network Two types
Dual-homed gatewaybastion gateway connects a private internal network to outside Internetproxies (software programs) run on the gateway server and pass
repackaged packets from one network to the other Screen-host gateway
screened subnet gateway in which the bastion gateway offers access to a small segment of the internal network
demilitarized zone is the open subnet
27copy Prentice Hall 2000
Screened Subnet Firewall
InternetRouter Local
Network
BastionHost
ProxiesFTP HTTP
NNTPTelnet
Router
FTP Server
Web Server
copy Prentice Hall 2000
28copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
A VPN combines encryption authentication and protocol tunneling to provide secure transport of private communications over the public Internet Itrsquos as if the Internet becomes part of a larger enterprise wide area network (WAN) In this way transmission costs are drastically reduced because workers can access enterprise data by making a local call into an ISP rather than using a long distance phone call
29copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
Real challenge of a VPN To ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data transmitted
over the Internet
Protocol tunneling Support multi-protocol networking To encrypt and encapsulate the data being transmitted Types of protocol mdash being used to carry out protocol tunneling
protocols are aimed primarily at site-to-site VPNs (eg IPV6)protocols are used to support VPNs that provide employees
customers and others with dial-up access via an ISP (eg Microsoftrsquos Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP))
30copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the WebFunction Requirements for an Electronic Storefront
Search for discover and compare products for purchase Select a product to be purchased and negotiate or determine its total
price Place an order for desired products Have their order confirmed ensuring that the desired product is
available Pay for the ordered products (usually through some form of credit) Verify their credit and approve their purchase Have orders processed Verify that the product has been shipped Request post-sales support or provide feedback to the seller
31copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the Web (cont)
Electronic storefront must contain A merchant system or storefront that provides the
merchantrsquos catalog with products prices and promotions
A transaction system for processing orders and payments and other aspects of the transaction
A payment gateway that routes payments through existing financial systems primarily for the purpose of credit card authorization and settlement
32copy Prentice Hall 2000
Outsourcing Vs Insourcing Insourcingmdash build and run the electronic storefront inhouse
Large companies wanting bull to ldquoexperimentrdquo with e-commerce without a great investmentbull to protect their own internal networksbull to rely on experts to establish their sites
Outsourcingmdash contract with an outside firmSmaller or medium sized companies with few IT staff and smaller
budgetsThree types of providers
bull Internet Mallsmdash offers cross-selling from one store to another and provides a common payment structure
bull Internet Service Providersmdash focused on operating a secure transaction environment not on store content
bull Telecommunication Companiesmdash includes the full range of e-commerce solutions
33copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers
The virtual equivalents of traditional product catalogs Commonly include
Templates or wizards for creating a storefront and catalog pages with pictures describing products for sale
Electronic shopping carts that enable consumers to gather items of interest until they are ready for checkout
Web-based order forms for making secure purchases (either through a SSL or a SET)
Database for maintaining product descriptions and pricing as well as customer orders
Integration with third party software for calculating taxes and shipping costs and for handling distribution and fulfillment
34copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Internet
WebServer
FinancialNetwork
Merchant Server Architecture
3rd PartyApplications
WebBrowser
StoreHTML Pages
MerchantServer
DatabaseCatalogOrder
copy Prentice Hall 2000
35copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Two of the best known products in this category iCat Electronic Commerce Suite
Standard edition includesbull Catalog templatesbull Shopping cartsbull Product searching
Professional edition provides support forbull High-end databasesbull Integration with ISAPI and Netscapes NSAPIbull Options for third-party plug-ins for searching user tracking sale
pricing discounting etc
bull Cross sellingbull Secure payment processing
36copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Microsoftrsquos Site Server Commerce EditionFeatures of this product are
bull Commerce Sample Sites providing templates for complete applicationsbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet supporting a variety of digital currenciesbull Site Builder Wizard for stores with multi-level departmentsbull Commerce Server Software Development Kit (SDK) for developing custom-
order processingbull Order processing pipeline for managing orders according to specified
business rulesbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet Software Development Kit (SDK) for supporting a variety of
digital payment schemesbull Promotion and Cross-selling Manager for administering a range of
specialized promotions discountscross-selling opportunitiesbull Integration with Microsoftrsquos Web site development (eg Visual InterDev) and
administrative tools (eg NT Security Support)
37copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Commerce Suites Offer merchants greater flexibility specialization
customization and integration in supporting complete front and back-office functionality
Internet
CatalogApplicationCustomer
ManagementRegistration
Profiles Service
Order CaptureCompletion Fulfillment
SystemsPayment
Processing(SET amp Purchase
Order)
CatalogDatabase
CustomerDatabase
OrderDatabase
PaymentDatabase
FinancialNetwork
WebBrowser Web
Server
Open Market E-Commerce Server Architecture
38copy Prentice Hall 2000
Open Market (wwwopenmarketcom)
One of the market leaders in the electronic commerce software segment
Provides a compete set of end-to-end transaction services includingAnalysis and ProfilingDemand GenerationOrder ManagementFulfillmentPaymentSelf-ServiceCustomer ServiceReporting
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
23copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
A protocol that operates at the TCPIP layerEncrypts communications between browsers
and serversSupports a variety of encryption algorithms
and authentication methodsEncrypts credit card numbers that are sent
from a consumerrsquos browser to a merchantsrsquo Web site
24copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
A cryptographic protocol to handle the complete transaction
Provides authentication confidentiality message integrity and linkage
Supporting features Cardholder registration Merchant registration Purchase requests Payment authorizations Payment capture
Chargebacks Credits Credit reversal Debit card transactions
25copy Prentice Hall 2000
Access Control
Password Protection Passwords are notoriously susceptible to
compromiseUsers have a habit of sharing their passwords with
others writing them down where others can see them and choosing passwords that are easily guessed
Browser transmits the passwords in a form that is easily intercepted and decoded By making sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder only has restricted access to the rest of the network which is one of the roles of a firewall
26copy Prentice Hall 2000
Firewalls A network node consisting of both hardware and software that isolates
a private network from a public network Make sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder
only has restricted access to the rest of the network Two types
Dual-homed gatewaybastion gateway connects a private internal network to outside Internetproxies (software programs) run on the gateway server and pass
repackaged packets from one network to the other Screen-host gateway
screened subnet gateway in which the bastion gateway offers access to a small segment of the internal network
demilitarized zone is the open subnet
27copy Prentice Hall 2000
Screened Subnet Firewall
InternetRouter Local
Network
BastionHost
ProxiesFTP HTTP
NNTPTelnet
Router
FTP Server
Web Server
copy Prentice Hall 2000
28copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
A VPN combines encryption authentication and protocol tunneling to provide secure transport of private communications over the public Internet Itrsquos as if the Internet becomes part of a larger enterprise wide area network (WAN) In this way transmission costs are drastically reduced because workers can access enterprise data by making a local call into an ISP rather than using a long distance phone call
29copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
Real challenge of a VPN To ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data transmitted
over the Internet
Protocol tunneling Support multi-protocol networking To encrypt and encapsulate the data being transmitted Types of protocol mdash being used to carry out protocol tunneling
protocols are aimed primarily at site-to-site VPNs (eg IPV6)protocols are used to support VPNs that provide employees
customers and others with dial-up access via an ISP (eg Microsoftrsquos Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP))
30copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the WebFunction Requirements for an Electronic Storefront
Search for discover and compare products for purchase Select a product to be purchased and negotiate or determine its total
price Place an order for desired products Have their order confirmed ensuring that the desired product is
available Pay for the ordered products (usually through some form of credit) Verify their credit and approve their purchase Have orders processed Verify that the product has been shipped Request post-sales support or provide feedback to the seller
31copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the Web (cont)
Electronic storefront must contain A merchant system or storefront that provides the
merchantrsquos catalog with products prices and promotions
A transaction system for processing orders and payments and other aspects of the transaction
A payment gateway that routes payments through existing financial systems primarily for the purpose of credit card authorization and settlement
32copy Prentice Hall 2000
Outsourcing Vs Insourcing Insourcingmdash build and run the electronic storefront inhouse
Large companies wanting bull to ldquoexperimentrdquo with e-commerce without a great investmentbull to protect their own internal networksbull to rely on experts to establish their sites
Outsourcingmdash contract with an outside firmSmaller or medium sized companies with few IT staff and smaller
budgetsThree types of providers
bull Internet Mallsmdash offers cross-selling from one store to another and provides a common payment structure
bull Internet Service Providersmdash focused on operating a secure transaction environment not on store content
bull Telecommunication Companiesmdash includes the full range of e-commerce solutions
33copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers
The virtual equivalents of traditional product catalogs Commonly include
Templates or wizards for creating a storefront and catalog pages with pictures describing products for sale
Electronic shopping carts that enable consumers to gather items of interest until they are ready for checkout
Web-based order forms for making secure purchases (either through a SSL or a SET)
Database for maintaining product descriptions and pricing as well as customer orders
Integration with third party software for calculating taxes and shipping costs and for handling distribution and fulfillment
34copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Internet
WebServer
FinancialNetwork
Merchant Server Architecture
3rd PartyApplications
WebBrowser
StoreHTML Pages
MerchantServer
DatabaseCatalogOrder
copy Prentice Hall 2000
35copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Two of the best known products in this category iCat Electronic Commerce Suite
Standard edition includesbull Catalog templatesbull Shopping cartsbull Product searching
Professional edition provides support forbull High-end databasesbull Integration with ISAPI and Netscapes NSAPIbull Options for third-party plug-ins for searching user tracking sale
pricing discounting etc
bull Cross sellingbull Secure payment processing
36copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Microsoftrsquos Site Server Commerce EditionFeatures of this product are
bull Commerce Sample Sites providing templates for complete applicationsbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet supporting a variety of digital currenciesbull Site Builder Wizard for stores with multi-level departmentsbull Commerce Server Software Development Kit (SDK) for developing custom-
order processingbull Order processing pipeline for managing orders according to specified
business rulesbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet Software Development Kit (SDK) for supporting a variety of
digital payment schemesbull Promotion and Cross-selling Manager for administering a range of
specialized promotions discountscross-selling opportunitiesbull Integration with Microsoftrsquos Web site development (eg Visual InterDev) and
administrative tools (eg NT Security Support)
37copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Commerce Suites Offer merchants greater flexibility specialization
customization and integration in supporting complete front and back-office functionality
Internet
CatalogApplicationCustomer
ManagementRegistration
Profiles Service
Order CaptureCompletion Fulfillment
SystemsPayment
Processing(SET amp Purchase
Order)
CatalogDatabase
CustomerDatabase
OrderDatabase
PaymentDatabase
FinancialNetwork
WebBrowser Web
Server
Open Market E-Commerce Server Architecture
38copy Prentice Hall 2000
Open Market (wwwopenmarketcom)
One of the market leaders in the electronic commerce software segment
Provides a compete set of end-to-end transaction services includingAnalysis and ProfilingDemand GenerationOrder ManagementFulfillmentPaymentSelf-ServiceCustomer ServiceReporting
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
24copy Prentice Hall 2000
Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
A cryptographic protocol to handle the complete transaction
Provides authentication confidentiality message integrity and linkage
Supporting features Cardholder registration Merchant registration Purchase requests Payment authorizations Payment capture
Chargebacks Credits Credit reversal Debit card transactions
25copy Prentice Hall 2000
Access Control
Password Protection Passwords are notoriously susceptible to
compromiseUsers have a habit of sharing their passwords with
others writing them down where others can see them and choosing passwords that are easily guessed
Browser transmits the passwords in a form that is easily intercepted and decoded By making sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder only has restricted access to the rest of the network which is one of the roles of a firewall
26copy Prentice Hall 2000
Firewalls A network node consisting of both hardware and software that isolates
a private network from a public network Make sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder
only has restricted access to the rest of the network Two types
Dual-homed gatewaybastion gateway connects a private internal network to outside Internetproxies (software programs) run on the gateway server and pass
repackaged packets from one network to the other Screen-host gateway
screened subnet gateway in which the bastion gateway offers access to a small segment of the internal network
demilitarized zone is the open subnet
27copy Prentice Hall 2000
Screened Subnet Firewall
InternetRouter Local
Network
BastionHost
ProxiesFTP HTTP
NNTPTelnet
Router
FTP Server
Web Server
copy Prentice Hall 2000
28copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
A VPN combines encryption authentication and protocol tunneling to provide secure transport of private communications over the public Internet Itrsquos as if the Internet becomes part of a larger enterprise wide area network (WAN) In this way transmission costs are drastically reduced because workers can access enterprise data by making a local call into an ISP rather than using a long distance phone call
29copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
Real challenge of a VPN To ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data transmitted
over the Internet
Protocol tunneling Support multi-protocol networking To encrypt and encapsulate the data being transmitted Types of protocol mdash being used to carry out protocol tunneling
protocols are aimed primarily at site-to-site VPNs (eg IPV6)protocols are used to support VPNs that provide employees
customers and others with dial-up access via an ISP (eg Microsoftrsquos Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP))
30copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the WebFunction Requirements for an Electronic Storefront
Search for discover and compare products for purchase Select a product to be purchased and negotiate or determine its total
price Place an order for desired products Have their order confirmed ensuring that the desired product is
available Pay for the ordered products (usually through some form of credit) Verify their credit and approve their purchase Have orders processed Verify that the product has been shipped Request post-sales support or provide feedback to the seller
31copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the Web (cont)
Electronic storefront must contain A merchant system or storefront that provides the
merchantrsquos catalog with products prices and promotions
A transaction system for processing orders and payments and other aspects of the transaction
A payment gateway that routes payments through existing financial systems primarily for the purpose of credit card authorization and settlement
32copy Prentice Hall 2000
Outsourcing Vs Insourcing Insourcingmdash build and run the electronic storefront inhouse
Large companies wanting bull to ldquoexperimentrdquo with e-commerce without a great investmentbull to protect their own internal networksbull to rely on experts to establish their sites
Outsourcingmdash contract with an outside firmSmaller or medium sized companies with few IT staff and smaller
budgetsThree types of providers
bull Internet Mallsmdash offers cross-selling from one store to another and provides a common payment structure
bull Internet Service Providersmdash focused on operating a secure transaction environment not on store content
bull Telecommunication Companiesmdash includes the full range of e-commerce solutions
33copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers
The virtual equivalents of traditional product catalogs Commonly include
Templates or wizards for creating a storefront and catalog pages with pictures describing products for sale
Electronic shopping carts that enable consumers to gather items of interest until they are ready for checkout
Web-based order forms for making secure purchases (either through a SSL or a SET)
Database for maintaining product descriptions and pricing as well as customer orders
Integration with third party software for calculating taxes and shipping costs and for handling distribution and fulfillment
34copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Internet
WebServer
FinancialNetwork
Merchant Server Architecture
3rd PartyApplications
WebBrowser
StoreHTML Pages
MerchantServer
DatabaseCatalogOrder
copy Prentice Hall 2000
35copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Two of the best known products in this category iCat Electronic Commerce Suite
Standard edition includesbull Catalog templatesbull Shopping cartsbull Product searching
Professional edition provides support forbull High-end databasesbull Integration with ISAPI and Netscapes NSAPIbull Options for third-party plug-ins for searching user tracking sale
pricing discounting etc
bull Cross sellingbull Secure payment processing
36copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Microsoftrsquos Site Server Commerce EditionFeatures of this product are
bull Commerce Sample Sites providing templates for complete applicationsbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet supporting a variety of digital currenciesbull Site Builder Wizard for stores with multi-level departmentsbull Commerce Server Software Development Kit (SDK) for developing custom-
order processingbull Order processing pipeline for managing orders according to specified
business rulesbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet Software Development Kit (SDK) for supporting a variety of
digital payment schemesbull Promotion and Cross-selling Manager for administering a range of
specialized promotions discountscross-selling opportunitiesbull Integration with Microsoftrsquos Web site development (eg Visual InterDev) and
administrative tools (eg NT Security Support)
37copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Commerce Suites Offer merchants greater flexibility specialization
customization and integration in supporting complete front and back-office functionality
Internet
CatalogApplicationCustomer
ManagementRegistration
Profiles Service
Order CaptureCompletion Fulfillment
SystemsPayment
Processing(SET amp Purchase
Order)
CatalogDatabase
CustomerDatabase
OrderDatabase
PaymentDatabase
FinancialNetwork
WebBrowser Web
Server
Open Market E-Commerce Server Architecture
38copy Prentice Hall 2000
Open Market (wwwopenmarketcom)
One of the market leaders in the electronic commerce software segment
Provides a compete set of end-to-end transaction services includingAnalysis and ProfilingDemand GenerationOrder ManagementFulfillmentPaymentSelf-ServiceCustomer ServiceReporting
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
25copy Prentice Hall 2000
Access Control
Password Protection Passwords are notoriously susceptible to
compromiseUsers have a habit of sharing their passwords with
others writing them down where others can see them and choosing passwords that are easily guessed
Browser transmits the passwords in a form that is easily intercepted and decoded By making sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder only has restricted access to the rest of the network which is one of the roles of a firewall
26copy Prentice Hall 2000
Firewalls A network node consisting of both hardware and software that isolates
a private network from a public network Make sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder
only has restricted access to the rest of the network Two types
Dual-homed gatewaybastion gateway connects a private internal network to outside Internetproxies (software programs) run on the gateway server and pass
repackaged packets from one network to the other Screen-host gateway
screened subnet gateway in which the bastion gateway offers access to a small segment of the internal network
demilitarized zone is the open subnet
27copy Prentice Hall 2000
Screened Subnet Firewall
InternetRouter Local
Network
BastionHost
ProxiesFTP HTTP
NNTPTelnet
Router
FTP Server
Web Server
copy Prentice Hall 2000
28copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
A VPN combines encryption authentication and protocol tunneling to provide secure transport of private communications over the public Internet Itrsquos as if the Internet becomes part of a larger enterprise wide area network (WAN) In this way transmission costs are drastically reduced because workers can access enterprise data by making a local call into an ISP rather than using a long distance phone call
29copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
Real challenge of a VPN To ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data transmitted
over the Internet
Protocol tunneling Support multi-protocol networking To encrypt and encapsulate the data being transmitted Types of protocol mdash being used to carry out protocol tunneling
protocols are aimed primarily at site-to-site VPNs (eg IPV6)protocols are used to support VPNs that provide employees
customers and others with dial-up access via an ISP (eg Microsoftrsquos Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP))
30copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the WebFunction Requirements for an Electronic Storefront
Search for discover and compare products for purchase Select a product to be purchased and negotiate or determine its total
price Place an order for desired products Have their order confirmed ensuring that the desired product is
available Pay for the ordered products (usually through some form of credit) Verify their credit and approve their purchase Have orders processed Verify that the product has been shipped Request post-sales support or provide feedback to the seller
31copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the Web (cont)
Electronic storefront must contain A merchant system or storefront that provides the
merchantrsquos catalog with products prices and promotions
A transaction system for processing orders and payments and other aspects of the transaction
A payment gateway that routes payments through existing financial systems primarily for the purpose of credit card authorization and settlement
32copy Prentice Hall 2000
Outsourcing Vs Insourcing Insourcingmdash build and run the electronic storefront inhouse
Large companies wanting bull to ldquoexperimentrdquo with e-commerce without a great investmentbull to protect their own internal networksbull to rely on experts to establish their sites
Outsourcingmdash contract with an outside firmSmaller or medium sized companies with few IT staff and smaller
budgetsThree types of providers
bull Internet Mallsmdash offers cross-selling from one store to another and provides a common payment structure
bull Internet Service Providersmdash focused on operating a secure transaction environment not on store content
bull Telecommunication Companiesmdash includes the full range of e-commerce solutions
33copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers
The virtual equivalents of traditional product catalogs Commonly include
Templates or wizards for creating a storefront and catalog pages with pictures describing products for sale
Electronic shopping carts that enable consumers to gather items of interest until they are ready for checkout
Web-based order forms for making secure purchases (either through a SSL or a SET)
Database for maintaining product descriptions and pricing as well as customer orders
Integration with third party software for calculating taxes and shipping costs and for handling distribution and fulfillment
34copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Internet
WebServer
FinancialNetwork
Merchant Server Architecture
3rd PartyApplications
WebBrowser
StoreHTML Pages
MerchantServer
DatabaseCatalogOrder
copy Prentice Hall 2000
35copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Two of the best known products in this category iCat Electronic Commerce Suite
Standard edition includesbull Catalog templatesbull Shopping cartsbull Product searching
Professional edition provides support forbull High-end databasesbull Integration with ISAPI and Netscapes NSAPIbull Options for third-party plug-ins for searching user tracking sale
pricing discounting etc
bull Cross sellingbull Secure payment processing
36copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Microsoftrsquos Site Server Commerce EditionFeatures of this product are
bull Commerce Sample Sites providing templates for complete applicationsbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet supporting a variety of digital currenciesbull Site Builder Wizard for stores with multi-level departmentsbull Commerce Server Software Development Kit (SDK) for developing custom-
order processingbull Order processing pipeline for managing orders according to specified
business rulesbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet Software Development Kit (SDK) for supporting a variety of
digital payment schemesbull Promotion and Cross-selling Manager for administering a range of
specialized promotions discountscross-selling opportunitiesbull Integration with Microsoftrsquos Web site development (eg Visual InterDev) and
administrative tools (eg NT Security Support)
37copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Commerce Suites Offer merchants greater flexibility specialization
customization and integration in supporting complete front and back-office functionality
Internet
CatalogApplicationCustomer
ManagementRegistration
Profiles Service
Order CaptureCompletion Fulfillment
SystemsPayment
Processing(SET amp Purchase
Order)
CatalogDatabase
CustomerDatabase
OrderDatabase
PaymentDatabase
FinancialNetwork
WebBrowser Web
Server
Open Market E-Commerce Server Architecture
38copy Prentice Hall 2000
Open Market (wwwopenmarketcom)
One of the market leaders in the electronic commerce software segment
Provides a compete set of end-to-end transaction services includingAnalysis and ProfilingDemand GenerationOrder ManagementFulfillmentPaymentSelf-ServiceCustomer ServiceReporting
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
26copy Prentice Hall 2000
Firewalls A network node consisting of both hardware and software that isolates
a private network from a public network Make sure that even if the passwords are compromised the intruder
only has restricted access to the rest of the network Two types
Dual-homed gatewaybastion gateway connects a private internal network to outside Internetproxies (software programs) run on the gateway server and pass
repackaged packets from one network to the other Screen-host gateway
screened subnet gateway in which the bastion gateway offers access to a small segment of the internal network
demilitarized zone is the open subnet
27copy Prentice Hall 2000
Screened Subnet Firewall
InternetRouter Local
Network
BastionHost
ProxiesFTP HTTP
NNTPTelnet
Router
FTP Server
Web Server
copy Prentice Hall 2000
28copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
A VPN combines encryption authentication and protocol tunneling to provide secure transport of private communications over the public Internet Itrsquos as if the Internet becomes part of a larger enterprise wide area network (WAN) In this way transmission costs are drastically reduced because workers can access enterprise data by making a local call into an ISP rather than using a long distance phone call
29copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
Real challenge of a VPN To ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data transmitted
over the Internet
Protocol tunneling Support multi-protocol networking To encrypt and encapsulate the data being transmitted Types of protocol mdash being used to carry out protocol tunneling
protocols are aimed primarily at site-to-site VPNs (eg IPV6)protocols are used to support VPNs that provide employees
customers and others with dial-up access via an ISP (eg Microsoftrsquos Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP))
30copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the WebFunction Requirements for an Electronic Storefront
Search for discover and compare products for purchase Select a product to be purchased and negotiate or determine its total
price Place an order for desired products Have their order confirmed ensuring that the desired product is
available Pay for the ordered products (usually through some form of credit) Verify their credit and approve their purchase Have orders processed Verify that the product has been shipped Request post-sales support or provide feedback to the seller
31copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the Web (cont)
Electronic storefront must contain A merchant system or storefront that provides the
merchantrsquos catalog with products prices and promotions
A transaction system for processing orders and payments and other aspects of the transaction
A payment gateway that routes payments through existing financial systems primarily for the purpose of credit card authorization and settlement
32copy Prentice Hall 2000
Outsourcing Vs Insourcing Insourcingmdash build and run the electronic storefront inhouse
Large companies wanting bull to ldquoexperimentrdquo with e-commerce without a great investmentbull to protect their own internal networksbull to rely on experts to establish their sites
Outsourcingmdash contract with an outside firmSmaller or medium sized companies with few IT staff and smaller
budgetsThree types of providers
bull Internet Mallsmdash offers cross-selling from one store to another and provides a common payment structure
bull Internet Service Providersmdash focused on operating a secure transaction environment not on store content
bull Telecommunication Companiesmdash includes the full range of e-commerce solutions
33copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers
The virtual equivalents of traditional product catalogs Commonly include
Templates or wizards for creating a storefront and catalog pages with pictures describing products for sale
Electronic shopping carts that enable consumers to gather items of interest until they are ready for checkout
Web-based order forms for making secure purchases (either through a SSL or a SET)
Database for maintaining product descriptions and pricing as well as customer orders
Integration with third party software for calculating taxes and shipping costs and for handling distribution and fulfillment
34copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Internet
WebServer
FinancialNetwork
Merchant Server Architecture
3rd PartyApplications
WebBrowser
StoreHTML Pages
MerchantServer
DatabaseCatalogOrder
copy Prentice Hall 2000
35copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Two of the best known products in this category iCat Electronic Commerce Suite
Standard edition includesbull Catalog templatesbull Shopping cartsbull Product searching
Professional edition provides support forbull High-end databasesbull Integration with ISAPI and Netscapes NSAPIbull Options for third-party plug-ins for searching user tracking sale
pricing discounting etc
bull Cross sellingbull Secure payment processing
36copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Microsoftrsquos Site Server Commerce EditionFeatures of this product are
bull Commerce Sample Sites providing templates for complete applicationsbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet supporting a variety of digital currenciesbull Site Builder Wizard for stores with multi-level departmentsbull Commerce Server Software Development Kit (SDK) for developing custom-
order processingbull Order processing pipeline for managing orders according to specified
business rulesbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet Software Development Kit (SDK) for supporting a variety of
digital payment schemesbull Promotion and Cross-selling Manager for administering a range of
specialized promotions discountscross-selling opportunitiesbull Integration with Microsoftrsquos Web site development (eg Visual InterDev) and
administrative tools (eg NT Security Support)
37copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Commerce Suites Offer merchants greater flexibility specialization
customization and integration in supporting complete front and back-office functionality
Internet
CatalogApplicationCustomer
ManagementRegistration
Profiles Service
Order CaptureCompletion Fulfillment
SystemsPayment
Processing(SET amp Purchase
Order)
CatalogDatabase
CustomerDatabase
OrderDatabase
PaymentDatabase
FinancialNetwork
WebBrowser Web
Server
Open Market E-Commerce Server Architecture
38copy Prentice Hall 2000
Open Market (wwwopenmarketcom)
One of the market leaders in the electronic commerce software segment
Provides a compete set of end-to-end transaction services includingAnalysis and ProfilingDemand GenerationOrder ManagementFulfillmentPaymentSelf-ServiceCustomer ServiceReporting
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
27copy Prentice Hall 2000
Screened Subnet Firewall
InternetRouter Local
Network
BastionHost
ProxiesFTP HTTP
NNTPTelnet
Router
FTP Server
Web Server
copy Prentice Hall 2000
28copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
A VPN combines encryption authentication and protocol tunneling to provide secure transport of private communications over the public Internet Itrsquos as if the Internet becomes part of a larger enterprise wide area network (WAN) In this way transmission costs are drastically reduced because workers can access enterprise data by making a local call into an ISP rather than using a long distance phone call
29copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
Real challenge of a VPN To ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data transmitted
over the Internet
Protocol tunneling Support multi-protocol networking To encrypt and encapsulate the data being transmitted Types of protocol mdash being used to carry out protocol tunneling
protocols are aimed primarily at site-to-site VPNs (eg IPV6)protocols are used to support VPNs that provide employees
customers and others with dial-up access via an ISP (eg Microsoftrsquos Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP))
30copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the WebFunction Requirements for an Electronic Storefront
Search for discover and compare products for purchase Select a product to be purchased and negotiate or determine its total
price Place an order for desired products Have their order confirmed ensuring that the desired product is
available Pay for the ordered products (usually through some form of credit) Verify their credit and approve their purchase Have orders processed Verify that the product has been shipped Request post-sales support or provide feedback to the seller
31copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the Web (cont)
Electronic storefront must contain A merchant system or storefront that provides the
merchantrsquos catalog with products prices and promotions
A transaction system for processing orders and payments and other aspects of the transaction
A payment gateway that routes payments through existing financial systems primarily for the purpose of credit card authorization and settlement
32copy Prentice Hall 2000
Outsourcing Vs Insourcing Insourcingmdash build and run the electronic storefront inhouse
Large companies wanting bull to ldquoexperimentrdquo with e-commerce without a great investmentbull to protect their own internal networksbull to rely on experts to establish their sites
Outsourcingmdash contract with an outside firmSmaller or medium sized companies with few IT staff and smaller
budgetsThree types of providers
bull Internet Mallsmdash offers cross-selling from one store to another and provides a common payment structure
bull Internet Service Providersmdash focused on operating a secure transaction environment not on store content
bull Telecommunication Companiesmdash includes the full range of e-commerce solutions
33copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers
The virtual equivalents of traditional product catalogs Commonly include
Templates or wizards for creating a storefront and catalog pages with pictures describing products for sale
Electronic shopping carts that enable consumers to gather items of interest until they are ready for checkout
Web-based order forms for making secure purchases (either through a SSL or a SET)
Database for maintaining product descriptions and pricing as well as customer orders
Integration with third party software for calculating taxes and shipping costs and for handling distribution and fulfillment
34copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Internet
WebServer
FinancialNetwork
Merchant Server Architecture
3rd PartyApplications
WebBrowser
StoreHTML Pages
MerchantServer
DatabaseCatalogOrder
copy Prentice Hall 2000
35copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Two of the best known products in this category iCat Electronic Commerce Suite
Standard edition includesbull Catalog templatesbull Shopping cartsbull Product searching
Professional edition provides support forbull High-end databasesbull Integration with ISAPI and Netscapes NSAPIbull Options for third-party plug-ins for searching user tracking sale
pricing discounting etc
bull Cross sellingbull Secure payment processing
36copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Microsoftrsquos Site Server Commerce EditionFeatures of this product are
bull Commerce Sample Sites providing templates for complete applicationsbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet supporting a variety of digital currenciesbull Site Builder Wizard for stores with multi-level departmentsbull Commerce Server Software Development Kit (SDK) for developing custom-
order processingbull Order processing pipeline for managing orders according to specified
business rulesbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet Software Development Kit (SDK) for supporting a variety of
digital payment schemesbull Promotion and Cross-selling Manager for administering a range of
specialized promotions discountscross-selling opportunitiesbull Integration with Microsoftrsquos Web site development (eg Visual InterDev) and
administrative tools (eg NT Security Support)
37copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Commerce Suites Offer merchants greater flexibility specialization
customization and integration in supporting complete front and back-office functionality
Internet
CatalogApplicationCustomer
ManagementRegistration
Profiles Service
Order CaptureCompletion Fulfillment
SystemsPayment
Processing(SET amp Purchase
Order)
CatalogDatabase
CustomerDatabase
OrderDatabase
PaymentDatabase
FinancialNetwork
WebBrowser Web
Server
Open Market E-Commerce Server Architecture
38copy Prentice Hall 2000
Open Market (wwwopenmarketcom)
One of the market leaders in the electronic commerce software segment
Provides a compete set of end-to-end transaction services includingAnalysis and ProfilingDemand GenerationOrder ManagementFulfillmentPaymentSelf-ServiceCustomer ServiceReporting
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
28copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
A VPN combines encryption authentication and protocol tunneling to provide secure transport of private communications over the public Internet Itrsquos as if the Internet becomes part of a larger enterprise wide area network (WAN) In this way transmission costs are drastically reduced because workers can access enterprise data by making a local call into an ISP rather than using a long distance phone call
29copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
Real challenge of a VPN To ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data transmitted
over the Internet
Protocol tunneling Support multi-protocol networking To encrypt and encapsulate the data being transmitted Types of protocol mdash being used to carry out protocol tunneling
protocols are aimed primarily at site-to-site VPNs (eg IPV6)protocols are used to support VPNs that provide employees
customers and others with dial-up access via an ISP (eg Microsoftrsquos Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP))
30copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the WebFunction Requirements for an Electronic Storefront
Search for discover and compare products for purchase Select a product to be purchased and negotiate or determine its total
price Place an order for desired products Have their order confirmed ensuring that the desired product is
available Pay for the ordered products (usually through some form of credit) Verify their credit and approve their purchase Have orders processed Verify that the product has been shipped Request post-sales support or provide feedback to the seller
31copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the Web (cont)
Electronic storefront must contain A merchant system or storefront that provides the
merchantrsquos catalog with products prices and promotions
A transaction system for processing orders and payments and other aspects of the transaction
A payment gateway that routes payments through existing financial systems primarily for the purpose of credit card authorization and settlement
32copy Prentice Hall 2000
Outsourcing Vs Insourcing Insourcingmdash build and run the electronic storefront inhouse
Large companies wanting bull to ldquoexperimentrdquo with e-commerce without a great investmentbull to protect their own internal networksbull to rely on experts to establish their sites
Outsourcingmdash contract with an outside firmSmaller or medium sized companies with few IT staff and smaller
budgetsThree types of providers
bull Internet Mallsmdash offers cross-selling from one store to another and provides a common payment structure
bull Internet Service Providersmdash focused on operating a secure transaction environment not on store content
bull Telecommunication Companiesmdash includes the full range of e-commerce solutions
33copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers
The virtual equivalents of traditional product catalogs Commonly include
Templates or wizards for creating a storefront and catalog pages with pictures describing products for sale
Electronic shopping carts that enable consumers to gather items of interest until they are ready for checkout
Web-based order forms for making secure purchases (either through a SSL or a SET)
Database for maintaining product descriptions and pricing as well as customer orders
Integration with third party software for calculating taxes and shipping costs and for handling distribution and fulfillment
34copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Internet
WebServer
FinancialNetwork
Merchant Server Architecture
3rd PartyApplications
WebBrowser
StoreHTML Pages
MerchantServer
DatabaseCatalogOrder
copy Prentice Hall 2000
35copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Two of the best known products in this category iCat Electronic Commerce Suite
Standard edition includesbull Catalog templatesbull Shopping cartsbull Product searching
Professional edition provides support forbull High-end databasesbull Integration with ISAPI and Netscapes NSAPIbull Options for third-party plug-ins for searching user tracking sale
pricing discounting etc
bull Cross sellingbull Secure payment processing
36copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Microsoftrsquos Site Server Commerce EditionFeatures of this product are
bull Commerce Sample Sites providing templates for complete applicationsbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet supporting a variety of digital currenciesbull Site Builder Wizard for stores with multi-level departmentsbull Commerce Server Software Development Kit (SDK) for developing custom-
order processingbull Order processing pipeline for managing orders according to specified
business rulesbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet Software Development Kit (SDK) for supporting a variety of
digital payment schemesbull Promotion and Cross-selling Manager for administering a range of
specialized promotions discountscross-selling opportunitiesbull Integration with Microsoftrsquos Web site development (eg Visual InterDev) and
administrative tools (eg NT Security Support)
37copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Commerce Suites Offer merchants greater flexibility specialization
customization and integration in supporting complete front and back-office functionality
Internet
CatalogApplicationCustomer
ManagementRegistration
Profiles Service
Order CaptureCompletion Fulfillment
SystemsPayment
Processing(SET amp Purchase
Order)
CatalogDatabase
CustomerDatabase
OrderDatabase
PaymentDatabase
FinancialNetwork
WebBrowser Web
Server
Open Market E-Commerce Server Architecture
38copy Prentice Hall 2000
Open Market (wwwopenmarketcom)
One of the market leaders in the electronic commerce software segment
Provides a compete set of end-to-end transaction services includingAnalysis and ProfilingDemand GenerationOrder ManagementFulfillmentPaymentSelf-ServiceCustomer ServiceReporting
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
29copy Prentice Hall 2000
Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
Real challenge of a VPN To ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data transmitted
over the Internet
Protocol tunneling Support multi-protocol networking To encrypt and encapsulate the data being transmitted Types of protocol mdash being used to carry out protocol tunneling
protocols are aimed primarily at site-to-site VPNs (eg IPV6)protocols are used to support VPNs that provide employees
customers and others with dial-up access via an ISP (eg Microsoftrsquos Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP))
30copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the WebFunction Requirements for an Electronic Storefront
Search for discover and compare products for purchase Select a product to be purchased and negotiate or determine its total
price Place an order for desired products Have their order confirmed ensuring that the desired product is
available Pay for the ordered products (usually through some form of credit) Verify their credit and approve their purchase Have orders processed Verify that the product has been shipped Request post-sales support or provide feedback to the seller
31copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the Web (cont)
Electronic storefront must contain A merchant system or storefront that provides the
merchantrsquos catalog with products prices and promotions
A transaction system for processing orders and payments and other aspects of the transaction
A payment gateway that routes payments through existing financial systems primarily for the purpose of credit card authorization and settlement
32copy Prentice Hall 2000
Outsourcing Vs Insourcing Insourcingmdash build and run the electronic storefront inhouse
Large companies wanting bull to ldquoexperimentrdquo with e-commerce without a great investmentbull to protect their own internal networksbull to rely on experts to establish their sites
Outsourcingmdash contract with an outside firmSmaller or medium sized companies with few IT staff and smaller
budgetsThree types of providers
bull Internet Mallsmdash offers cross-selling from one store to another and provides a common payment structure
bull Internet Service Providersmdash focused on operating a secure transaction environment not on store content
bull Telecommunication Companiesmdash includes the full range of e-commerce solutions
33copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers
The virtual equivalents of traditional product catalogs Commonly include
Templates or wizards for creating a storefront and catalog pages with pictures describing products for sale
Electronic shopping carts that enable consumers to gather items of interest until they are ready for checkout
Web-based order forms for making secure purchases (either through a SSL or a SET)
Database for maintaining product descriptions and pricing as well as customer orders
Integration with third party software for calculating taxes and shipping costs and for handling distribution and fulfillment
34copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Internet
WebServer
FinancialNetwork
Merchant Server Architecture
3rd PartyApplications
WebBrowser
StoreHTML Pages
MerchantServer
DatabaseCatalogOrder
copy Prentice Hall 2000
35copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Two of the best known products in this category iCat Electronic Commerce Suite
Standard edition includesbull Catalog templatesbull Shopping cartsbull Product searching
Professional edition provides support forbull High-end databasesbull Integration with ISAPI and Netscapes NSAPIbull Options for third-party plug-ins for searching user tracking sale
pricing discounting etc
bull Cross sellingbull Secure payment processing
36copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Microsoftrsquos Site Server Commerce EditionFeatures of this product are
bull Commerce Sample Sites providing templates for complete applicationsbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet supporting a variety of digital currenciesbull Site Builder Wizard for stores with multi-level departmentsbull Commerce Server Software Development Kit (SDK) for developing custom-
order processingbull Order processing pipeline for managing orders according to specified
business rulesbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet Software Development Kit (SDK) for supporting a variety of
digital payment schemesbull Promotion and Cross-selling Manager for administering a range of
specialized promotions discountscross-selling opportunitiesbull Integration with Microsoftrsquos Web site development (eg Visual InterDev) and
administrative tools (eg NT Security Support)
37copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Commerce Suites Offer merchants greater flexibility specialization
customization and integration in supporting complete front and back-office functionality
Internet
CatalogApplicationCustomer
ManagementRegistration
Profiles Service
Order CaptureCompletion Fulfillment
SystemsPayment
Processing(SET amp Purchase
Order)
CatalogDatabase
CustomerDatabase
OrderDatabase
PaymentDatabase
FinancialNetwork
WebBrowser Web
Server
Open Market E-Commerce Server Architecture
38copy Prentice Hall 2000
Open Market (wwwopenmarketcom)
One of the market leaders in the electronic commerce software segment
Provides a compete set of end-to-end transaction services includingAnalysis and ProfilingDemand GenerationOrder ManagementFulfillmentPaymentSelf-ServiceCustomer ServiceReporting
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
30copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the WebFunction Requirements for an Electronic Storefront
Search for discover and compare products for purchase Select a product to be purchased and negotiate or determine its total
price Place an order for desired products Have their order confirmed ensuring that the desired product is
available Pay for the ordered products (usually through some form of credit) Verify their credit and approve their purchase Have orders processed Verify that the product has been shipped Request post-sales support or provide feedback to the seller
31copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the Web (cont)
Electronic storefront must contain A merchant system or storefront that provides the
merchantrsquos catalog with products prices and promotions
A transaction system for processing orders and payments and other aspects of the transaction
A payment gateway that routes payments through existing financial systems primarily for the purpose of credit card authorization and settlement
32copy Prentice Hall 2000
Outsourcing Vs Insourcing Insourcingmdash build and run the electronic storefront inhouse
Large companies wanting bull to ldquoexperimentrdquo with e-commerce without a great investmentbull to protect their own internal networksbull to rely on experts to establish their sites
Outsourcingmdash contract with an outside firmSmaller or medium sized companies with few IT staff and smaller
budgetsThree types of providers
bull Internet Mallsmdash offers cross-selling from one store to another and provides a common payment structure
bull Internet Service Providersmdash focused on operating a secure transaction environment not on store content
bull Telecommunication Companiesmdash includes the full range of e-commerce solutions
33copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers
The virtual equivalents of traditional product catalogs Commonly include
Templates or wizards for creating a storefront and catalog pages with pictures describing products for sale
Electronic shopping carts that enable consumers to gather items of interest until they are ready for checkout
Web-based order forms for making secure purchases (either through a SSL or a SET)
Database for maintaining product descriptions and pricing as well as customer orders
Integration with third party software for calculating taxes and shipping costs and for handling distribution and fulfillment
34copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Internet
WebServer
FinancialNetwork
Merchant Server Architecture
3rd PartyApplications
WebBrowser
StoreHTML Pages
MerchantServer
DatabaseCatalogOrder
copy Prentice Hall 2000
35copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Two of the best known products in this category iCat Electronic Commerce Suite
Standard edition includesbull Catalog templatesbull Shopping cartsbull Product searching
Professional edition provides support forbull High-end databasesbull Integration with ISAPI and Netscapes NSAPIbull Options for third-party plug-ins for searching user tracking sale
pricing discounting etc
bull Cross sellingbull Secure payment processing
36copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Microsoftrsquos Site Server Commerce EditionFeatures of this product are
bull Commerce Sample Sites providing templates for complete applicationsbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet supporting a variety of digital currenciesbull Site Builder Wizard for stores with multi-level departmentsbull Commerce Server Software Development Kit (SDK) for developing custom-
order processingbull Order processing pipeline for managing orders according to specified
business rulesbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet Software Development Kit (SDK) for supporting a variety of
digital payment schemesbull Promotion and Cross-selling Manager for administering a range of
specialized promotions discountscross-selling opportunitiesbull Integration with Microsoftrsquos Web site development (eg Visual InterDev) and
administrative tools (eg NT Security Support)
37copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Commerce Suites Offer merchants greater flexibility specialization
customization and integration in supporting complete front and back-office functionality
Internet
CatalogApplicationCustomer
ManagementRegistration
Profiles Service
Order CaptureCompletion Fulfillment
SystemsPayment
Processing(SET amp Purchase
Order)
CatalogDatabase
CustomerDatabase
OrderDatabase
PaymentDatabase
FinancialNetwork
WebBrowser Web
Server
Open Market E-Commerce Server Architecture
38copy Prentice Hall 2000
Open Market (wwwopenmarketcom)
One of the market leaders in the electronic commerce software segment
Provides a compete set of end-to-end transaction services includingAnalysis and ProfilingDemand GenerationOrder ManagementFulfillmentPaymentSelf-ServiceCustomer ServiceReporting
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
31copy Prentice Hall 2000
Selling on the Web (cont)
Electronic storefront must contain A merchant system or storefront that provides the
merchantrsquos catalog with products prices and promotions
A transaction system for processing orders and payments and other aspects of the transaction
A payment gateway that routes payments through existing financial systems primarily for the purpose of credit card authorization and settlement
32copy Prentice Hall 2000
Outsourcing Vs Insourcing Insourcingmdash build and run the electronic storefront inhouse
Large companies wanting bull to ldquoexperimentrdquo with e-commerce without a great investmentbull to protect their own internal networksbull to rely on experts to establish their sites
Outsourcingmdash contract with an outside firmSmaller or medium sized companies with few IT staff and smaller
budgetsThree types of providers
bull Internet Mallsmdash offers cross-selling from one store to another and provides a common payment structure
bull Internet Service Providersmdash focused on operating a secure transaction environment not on store content
bull Telecommunication Companiesmdash includes the full range of e-commerce solutions
33copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers
The virtual equivalents of traditional product catalogs Commonly include
Templates or wizards for creating a storefront and catalog pages with pictures describing products for sale
Electronic shopping carts that enable consumers to gather items of interest until they are ready for checkout
Web-based order forms for making secure purchases (either through a SSL or a SET)
Database for maintaining product descriptions and pricing as well as customer orders
Integration with third party software for calculating taxes and shipping costs and for handling distribution and fulfillment
34copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Internet
WebServer
FinancialNetwork
Merchant Server Architecture
3rd PartyApplications
WebBrowser
StoreHTML Pages
MerchantServer
DatabaseCatalogOrder
copy Prentice Hall 2000
35copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Two of the best known products in this category iCat Electronic Commerce Suite
Standard edition includesbull Catalog templatesbull Shopping cartsbull Product searching
Professional edition provides support forbull High-end databasesbull Integration with ISAPI and Netscapes NSAPIbull Options for third-party plug-ins for searching user tracking sale
pricing discounting etc
bull Cross sellingbull Secure payment processing
36copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Microsoftrsquos Site Server Commerce EditionFeatures of this product are
bull Commerce Sample Sites providing templates for complete applicationsbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet supporting a variety of digital currenciesbull Site Builder Wizard for stores with multi-level departmentsbull Commerce Server Software Development Kit (SDK) for developing custom-
order processingbull Order processing pipeline for managing orders according to specified
business rulesbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet Software Development Kit (SDK) for supporting a variety of
digital payment schemesbull Promotion and Cross-selling Manager for administering a range of
specialized promotions discountscross-selling opportunitiesbull Integration with Microsoftrsquos Web site development (eg Visual InterDev) and
administrative tools (eg NT Security Support)
37copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Commerce Suites Offer merchants greater flexibility specialization
customization and integration in supporting complete front and back-office functionality
Internet
CatalogApplicationCustomer
ManagementRegistration
Profiles Service
Order CaptureCompletion Fulfillment
SystemsPayment
Processing(SET amp Purchase
Order)
CatalogDatabase
CustomerDatabase
OrderDatabase
PaymentDatabase
FinancialNetwork
WebBrowser Web
Server
Open Market E-Commerce Server Architecture
38copy Prentice Hall 2000
Open Market (wwwopenmarketcom)
One of the market leaders in the electronic commerce software segment
Provides a compete set of end-to-end transaction services includingAnalysis and ProfilingDemand GenerationOrder ManagementFulfillmentPaymentSelf-ServiceCustomer ServiceReporting
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
32copy Prentice Hall 2000
Outsourcing Vs Insourcing Insourcingmdash build and run the electronic storefront inhouse
Large companies wanting bull to ldquoexperimentrdquo with e-commerce without a great investmentbull to protect their own internal networksbull to rely on experts to establish their sites
Outsourcingmdash contract with an outside firmSmaller or medium sized companies with few IT staff and smaller
budgetsThree types of providers
bull Internet Mallsmdash offers cross-selling from one store to another and provides a common payment structure
bull Internet Service Providersmdash focused on operating a secure transaction environment not on store content
bull Telecommunication Companiesmdash includes the full range of e-commerce solutions
33copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers
The virtual equivalents of traditional product catalogs Commonly include
Templates or wizards for creating a storefront and catalog pages with pictures describing products for sale
Electronic shopping carts that enable consumers to gather items of interest until they are ready for checkout
Web-based order forms for making secure purchases (either through a SSL or a SET)
Database for maintaining product descriptions and pricing as well as customer orders
Integration with third party software for calculating taxes and shipping costs and for handling distribution and fulfillment
34copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Internet
WebServer
FinancialNetwork
Merchant Server Architecture
3rd PartyApplications
WebBrowser
StoreHTML Pages
MerchantServer
DatabaseCatalogOrder
copy Prentice Hall 2000
35copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Two of the best known products in this category iCat Electronic Commerce Suite
Standard edition includesbull Catalog templatesbull Shopping cartsbull Product searching
Professional edition provides support forbull High-end databasesbull Integration with ISAPI and Netscapes NSAPIbull Options for third-party plug-ins for searching user tracking sale
pricing discounting etc
bull Cross sellingbull Secure payment processing
36copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Microsoftrsquos Site Server Commerce EditionFeatures of this product are
bull Commerce Sample Sites providing templates for complete applicationsbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet supporting a variety of digital currenciesbull Site Builder Wizard for stores with multi-level departmentsbull Commerce Server Software Development Kit (SDK) for developing custom-
order processingbull Order processing pipeline for managing orders according to specified
business rulesbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet Software Development Kit (SDK) for supporting a variety of
digital payment schemesbull Promotion and Cross-selling Manager for administering a range of
specialized promotions discountscross-selling opportunitiesbull Integration with Microsoftrsquos Web site development (eg Visual InterDev) and
administrative tools (eg NT Security Support)
37copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Commerce Suites Offer merchants greater flexibility specialization
customization and integration in supporting complete front and back-office functionality
Internet
CatalogApplicationCustomer
ManagementRegistration
Profiles Service
Order CaptureCompletion Fulfillment
SystemsPayment
Processing(SET amp Purchase
Order)
CatalogDatabase
CustomerDatabase
OrderDatabase
PaymentDatabase
FinancialNetwork
WebBrowser Web
Server
Open Market E-Commerce Server Architecture
38copy Prentice Hall 2000
Open Market (wwwopenmarketcom)
One of the market leaders in the electronic commerce software segment
Provides a compete set of end-to-end transaction services includingAnalysis and ProfilingDemand GenerationOrder ManagementFulfillmentPaymentSelf-ServiceCustomer ServiceReporting
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
33copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers
The virtual equivalents of traditional product catalogs Commonly include
Templates or wizards for creating a storefront and catalog pages with pictures describing products for sale
Electronic shopping carts that enable consumers to gather items of interest until they are ready for checkout
Web-based order forms for making secure purchases (either through a SSL or a SET)
Database for maintaining product descriptions and pricing as well as customer orders
Integration with third party software for calculating taxes and shipping costs and for handling distribution and fulfillment
34copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Internet
WebServer
FinancialNetwork
Merchant Server Architecture
3rd PartyApplications
WebBrowser
StoreHTML Pages
MerchantServer
DatabaseCatalogOrder
copy Prentice Hall 2000
35copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Two of the best known products in this category iCat Electronic Commerce Suite
Standard edition includesbull Catalog templatesbull Shopping cartsbull Product searching
Professional edition provides support forbull High-end databasesbull Integration with ISAPI and Netscapes NSAPIbull Options for third-party plug-ins for searching user tracking sale
pricing discounting etc
bull Cross sellingbull Secure payment processing
36copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Microsoftrsquos Site Server Commerce EditionFeatures of this product are
bull Commerce Sample Sites providing templates for complete applicationsbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet supporting a variety of digital currenciesbull Site Builder Wizard for stores with multi-level departmentsbull Commerce Server Software Development Kit (SDK) for developing custom-
order processingbull Order processing pipeline for managing orders according to specified
business rulesbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet Software Development Kit (SDK) for supporting a variety of
digital payment schemesbull Promotion and Cross-selling Manager for administering a range of
specialized promotions discountscross-selling opportunitiesbull Integration with Microsoftrsquos Web site development (eg Visual InterDev) and
administrative tools (eg NT Security Support)
37copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Commerce Suites Offer merchants greater flexibility specialization
customization and integration in supporting complete front and back-office functionality
Internet
CatalogApplicationCustomer
ManagementRegistration
Profiles Service
Order CaptureCompletion Fulfillment
SystemsPayment
Processing(SET amp Purchase
Order)
CatalogDatabase
CustomerDatabase
OrderDatabase
PaymentDatabase
FinancialNetwork
WebBrowser Web
Server
Open Market E-Commerce Server Architecture
38copy Prentice Hall 2000
Open Market (wwwopenmarketcom)
One of the market leaders in the electronic commerce software segment
Provides a compete set of end-to-end transaction services includingAnalysis and ProfilingDemand GenerationOrder ManagementFulfillmentPaymentSelf-ServiceCustomer ServiceReporting
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
34copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Internet
WebServer
FinancialNetwork
Merchant Server Architecture
3rd PartyApplications
WebBrowser
StoreHTML Pages
MerchantServer
DatabaseCatalogOrder
copy Prentice Hall 2000
35copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Two of the best known products in this category iCat Electronic Commerce Suite
Standard edition includesbull Catalog templatesbull Shopping cartsbull Product searching
Professional edition provides support forbull High-end databasesbull Integration with ISAPI and Netscapes NSAPIbull Options for third-party plug-ins for searching user tracking sale
pricing discounting etc
bull Cross sellingbull Secure payment processing
36copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Microsoftrsquos Site Server Commerce EditionFeatures of this product are
bull Commerce Sample Sites providing templates for complete applicationsbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet supporting a variety of digital currenciesbull Site Builder Wizard for stores with multi-level departmentsbull Commerce Server Software Development Kit (SDK) for developing custom-
order processingbull Order processing pipeline for managing orders according to specified
business rulesbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet Software Development Kit (SDK) for supporting a variety of
digital payment schemesbull Promotion and Cross-selling Manager for administering a range of
specialized promotions discountscross-selling opportunitiesbull Integration with Microsoftrsquos Web site development (eg Visual InterDev) and
administrative tools (eg NT Security Support)
37copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Commerce Suites Offer merchants greater flexibility specialization
customization and integration in supporting complete front and back-office functionality
Internet
CatalogApplicationCustomer
ManagementRegistration
Profiles Service
Order CaptureCompletion Fulfillment
SystemsPayment
Processing(SET amp Purchase
Order)
CatalogDatabase
CustomerDatabase
OrderDatabase
PaymentDatabase
FinancialNetwork
WebBrowser Web
Server
Open Market E-Commerce Server Architecture
38copy Prentice Hall 2000
Open Market (wwwopenmarketcom)
One of the market leaders in the electronic commerce software segment
Provides a compete set of end-to-end transaction services includingAnalysis and ProfilingDemand GenerationOrder ManagementFulfillmentPaymentSelf-ServiceCustomer ServiceReporting
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
35copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Two of the best known products in this category iCat Electronic Commerce Suite
Standard edition includesbull Catalog templatesbull Shopping cartsbull Product searching
Professional edition provides support forbull High-end databasesbull Integration with ISAPI and Netscapes NSAPIbull Options for third-party plug-ins for searching user tracking sale
pricing discounting etc
bull Cross sellingbull Secure payment processing
36copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Microsoftrsquos Site Server Commerce EditionFeatures of this product are
bull Commerce Sample Sites providing templates for complete applicationsbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet supporting a variety of digital currenciesbull Site Builder Wizard for stores with multi-level departmentsbull Commerce Server Software Development Kit (SDK) for developing custom-
order processingbull Order processing pipeline for managing orders according to specified
business rulesbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet Software Development Kit (SDK) for supporting a variety of
digital payment schemesbull Promotion and Cross-selling Manager for administering a range of
specialized promotions discountscross-selling opportunitiesbull Integration with Microsoftrsquos Web site development (eg Visual InterDev) and
administrative tools (eg NT Security Support)
37copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Commerce Suites Offer merchants greater flexibility specialization
customization and integration in supporting complete front and back-office functionality
Internet
CatalogApplicationCustomer
ManagementRegistration
Profiles Service
Order CaptureCompletion Fulfillment
SystemsPayment
Processing(SET amp Purchase
Order)
CatalogDatabase
CustomerDatabase
OrderDatabase
PaymentDatabase
FinancialNetwork
WebBrowser Web
Server
Open Market E-Commerce Server Architecture
38copy Prentice Hall 2000
Open Market (wwwopenmarketcom)
One of the market leaders in the electronic commerce software segment
Provides a compete set of end-to-end transaction services includingAnalysis and ProfilingDemand GenerationOrder ManagementFulfillmentPaymentSelf-ServiceCustomer ServiceReporting
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
36copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Catalogs and MerchantServers (cont)
Microsoftrsquos Site Server Commerce EditionFeatures of this product are
bull Commerce Sample Sites providing templates for complete applicationsbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet supporting a variety of digital currenciesbull Site Builder Wizard for stores with multi-level departmentsbull Commerce Server Software Development Kit (SDK) for developing custom-
order processingbull Order processing pipeline for managing orders according to specified
business rulesbull Microsoftrsquos Wallet Software Development Kit (SDK) for supporting a variety of
digital payment schemesbull Promotion and Cross-selling Manager for administering a range of
specialized promotions discountscross-selling opportunitiesbull Integration with Microsoftrsquos Web site development (eg Visual InterDev) and
administrative tools (eg NT Security Support)
37copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Commerce Suites Offer merchants greater flexibility specialization
customization and integration in supporting complete front and back-office functionality
Internet
CatalogApplicationCustomer
ManagementRegistration
Profiles Service
Order CaptureCompletion Fulfillment
SystemsPayment
Processing(SET amp Purchase
Order)
CatalogDatabase
CustomerDatabase
OrderDatabase
PaymentDatabase
FinancialNetwork
WebBrowser Web
Server
Open Market E-Commerce Server Architecture
38copy Prentice Hall 2000
Open Market (wwwopenmarketcom)
One of the market leaders in the electronic commerce software segment
Provides a compete set of end-to-end transaction services includingAnalysis and ProfilingDemand GenerationOrder ManagementFulfillmentPaymentSelf-ServiceCustomer ServiceReporting
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
37copy Prentice Hall 2000
Electronic Commerce Suites Offer merchants greater flexibility specialization
customization and integration in supporting complete front and back-office functionality
Internet
CatalogApplicationCustomer
ManagementRegistration
Profiles Service
Order CaptureCompletion Fulfillment
SystemsPayment
Processing(SET amp Purchase
Order)
CatalogDatabase
CustomerDatabase
OrderDatabase
PaymentDatabase
FinancialNetwork
WebBrowser Web
Server
Open Market E-Commerce Server Architecture
38copy Prentice Hall 2000
Open Market (wwwopenmarketcom)
One of the market leaders in the electronic commerce software segment
Provides a compete set of end-to-end transaction services includingAnalysis and ProfilingDemand GenerationOrder ManagementFulfillmentPaymentSelf-ServiceCustomer ServiceReporting
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
38copy Prentice Hall 2000
Open Market (wwwopenmarketcom)
One of the market leaders in the electronic commerce software segment
Provides a compete set of end-to-end transaction services includingAnalysis and ProfilingDemand GenerationOrder ManagementFulfillmentPaymentSelf-ServiceCustomer ServiceReporting
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
39copy Prentice Hall 2000
Chatting on the Web
Varied uses of the forums and chat groups Communication Centers
a virtual meeting place where communications can take place among the participants
Customer Serviceoffer online support where customers can converse with help-
line staff and receive advice Community Discussion
provide forums and chat services with a marketing eye toward developing a community of loyal users followers and advocates
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
40copy Prentice Hall 2000
Multimedia DeliveryWebcastingmdash describes Internet-based broadcasting of audio and video
content Types of Webcasts
Text Streamsmdash Text-only wordcasts and datacastsbull to deliver constant news and stock price updates
Ambient Webcastsmdash Video contentbull is captured from a Webcam and delivered as single-frame updates that are
transmitted at periodic intervalsStreaming Audiomdash Web equivalent of radio
bull to deliver everything from talk radio to sports broadcasts to music previews to archived music and radio shows
Streaming Videobull to deliver videoconferences where high quality images are not required and
there is not much movement among participants
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
41copy Prentice Hall 2000
Webcasting Works in a straightforward way Examples of companies offering both Webcast servers and players
RealNetworks ( wwwrealcom )Liquid Audio ( wwwliquidaudiocom )Xingtech with its streamworks technology ( wwwxingtechcom )Apple with its QuickTime system ( quicktimeapplecom )Microsoft with its Netshow software (wwwmicrosoftcomwindowswindowsmedia )
Multicastingstream a Webcast from a central server to other media servers which are distributed to
different locationswhen a listener or viewer clicks on a Webcast link they are automatically routed to the
closest server
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
42copy Prentice Hall 2000
Bandwidth Requirements for Streaming Audio and Video
Bandwidth [1 mbps = 1 million kbps]the speed with which content can be delivered144 kbps to 56 kbps for connecting to the Internet over the
telephone through modems128 kbps for connecting to the Internet over ISDN telephone
lines1 - 15 mbps for connecting to the Internet over digital
subscriber line (DSL)10 mbps for downloading over cable wires
To download a standard Web page say around 400000 kilobits56 kbps modem takes about 7 secondsCable modem takes about 004 seconds
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
43copy Prentice Hall 2000
Internet Telephones Internet phones
programs that let you talk with other people using the Internet
the added cost to the end user is at best zero and at worst a substantially lower total charge than a standard telephone call
PC-to-PC PC-to-phone and phone-to-phonevendors who dominate the Internet telephone market space
bull VocalTec ( wwwvocalteccom )bull IDT ( wwwmet2phonecom )bull Delta Three ( wwwdeltathreecom )
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
44copy Prentice Hall 2000
Analyzing Web Visits Access logs file
Text file example wwwsomewherecom - [18Aug1998120000 +0000] ldquoGet a htm HTTP10rdquo 200 15000
Telling you which pages are most popular which times are most popular which geographical regions make the most requests and other interesting tidbits that help site administrators maintain and refine their sites
Software for analyzing access log files (FREE) netAnalysis form netGenesis ( wwwnetgencom ) Insight form Accrue ( wwwaccruecom ) Web Trends Log Analyzer from Web Trends Corporation (
wwwegsoftwarecom )
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-
45copy Prentice Hall 2000
Managerial IssuesNow or latermdash the question is no longer ldquoWillrdquo but ldquoWhenrdquoItrsquos the business issues that countmdash to succeed a
business must understand how to meet the needs of their online customers
In-house or outsourcemdash mainly depends on the company size
Analyzing the datamdash automatic record of everyone who visits your Web site
Securitymdash management takes every precaution to ensure the security of their sites and their communications with site visitors
Evolving Webmdash rapid change of the underlying standards protocols and governance
- Chapter 11 Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce
- Learning Objectives
- Learning Objectives (cont)
- A Network of Networks = Internet
- Internet Network Architecture
- Internet Protocols
- TCPIP Architecture
- TCPIP
- Domain Names
- Internet ClientServer Applications
- New World Network Internet2
- New World Network Next Generation Internet
- Web-based ClientServer
- Web-based ClientServer (cont)
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Internet Security
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Encryption (cont)
- Slide 21
- Digital Certificates and Certifying Authorities
- Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
- Secure Electronic Transactions (SET)
- Access Control
- Firewalls
- Screened Subnet Firewall
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPN) (cont)
- Selling on the Web
- Selling on the Web (cont)
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Electronic Catalogs and Merchant Servers (cont)
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Chatting on the Web
- Multimedia Delivery
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Analyzing Web Visits
- Managerial Issues
-