preliminaries of analytic geometry and linear algebra 3d modelling

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1 Challenge the future Preliminaries Basic Vector Mathematics for 3D Modeling Ir. Pirouz Nourian PhD candidate & Instructor, chair of Design Informatics, since 2010 MSc in Architecture 2009 BSc in Control Engineering 2005 MSc Geomatics, GEO1004, Directed by Dr. Sisi Zlatanova

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Page 1: Preliminaries of Analytic Geometry and Linear Algebra 3D modelling

1 Challenge the future

Preliminaries

Basic Vector Mathematics for 3D Modeling

Ir. Pirouz Nourian PhD candidate & Instructor, chair of Design Informatics, since 2010

MSc in Architecture 2009

BSc in Control Engineering 2005

MSc Geomatics, GEO1004, Directed by Dr. Sisi Zlatanova

Page 2: Preliminaries of Analytic Geometry and Linear Algebra 3D modelling

2 Challenge the future

INVISIBLE DIRECTIONS

Vector Mathematics in a Nutshell

RenΓ© Descartes

Image courtesy of David Rutten,

from Rhinoscript 101

Page 3: Preliminaries of Analytic Geometry and Linear Algebra 3D modelling

3 Challenge the future

INVISIBLE DIRECTIONS

Basic Operations

𝐴 = π‘Žπ‘₯π’Š + π‘Žπ‘¦π’‹ + π‘Žπ‘§π’Œ

𝐡 = 𝑏π‘₯π’Š + 𝑏𝑦𝒋 + π‘π‘§π’Œ

𝐴 + 𝐡 = (π‘Žπ‘₯ + 𝑏π‘₯)π’Š + (π‘Žπ‘¦+𝑏𝑦)𝒋 + (π‘Žπ‘§+𝑏𝑧)π’Œ

Vector Addition

Vector Length

𝐴 = π‘Žπ‘₯2 + π‘Žπ‘¦

2+ π‘Žπ‘§

2

Page 4: Preliminaries of Analytic Geometry and Linear Algebra 3D modelling

4 Challenge the future

Dot Product: physical intuition…

E.g. How to detect perpendicularity?

β€’

Image courtesy of http://sdsu-physics.org

Page 5: Preliminaries of Analytic Geometry and Linear Algebra 3D modelling

5 Challenge the future

Dot Product: How is it calculated in analytic geometry?

Image courtesy of http://sdsu-

physics.org

πœƒ

B

A

π’Š . π’Š = 𝒋 . 𝒋 = π’Œ. π’Œ = 1

π’Š . 𝒋 = 𝒋 . π’Š = 0

𝒋 . π’Œ = π’Œ. 𝒋 = 0

π’Œ. π’Š = π’Š . π’Œ = 0

Page 6: Preliminaries of Analytic Geometry and Linear Algebra 3D modelling

6 Challenge the future

Dot Product: How is it calculated in analytic geometry?

𝐴 = π‘Žπ‘₯π’Š + π‘Žπ‘¦π’‹ + π‘Žπ‘§π’Œ = π‘Žπ‘₯ π‘Žπ‘¦ π‘Žπ‘§π’Šπ’‹π’Œ

𝐡 = 𝑏π‘₯π’Š + 𝑏𝑦𝒋 + π‘π‘§π’Œ = 𝑏π‘₯ 𝑏𝑦 π‘π‘§π’Šπ’‹π’Œ

𝐴 . 𝐡 == 𝐴 . 𝐡 . πΆπ‘œπ‘ (πœƒ)

πœƒ

B

A

𝐴 . 𝐡 = π‘Žπ‘₯ π‘Žπ‘¦ π‘Žπ‘§

𝑏π‘₯𝑏𝑦𝑏𝑧

= π‘Žπ‘₯𝑏π‘₯ + π‘Žπ‘¦π‘π‘¦ + π‘Žπ‘§π‘π‘§

Page 7: Preliminaries of Analytic Geometry and Linear Algebra 3D modelling

7 Challenge the future

Cross Product: physical intuition…

β€’

Image courtesy of

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu

Images courtesy of

Raja Issa, Essential Mathematics for Computational Design

E.g. How to detect parallelism?

Page 8: Preliminaries of Analytic Geometry and Linear Algebra 3D modelling

8 Challenge the future

Cross Product: How is it calculated in analytic geometry?

Images courtesy of

Raja Issa, Essential Mathematics for Computational Design

π’Š Γ— π’Š = 𝒋 Γ— 𝒋 = π’Œ Γ— π’Œ = 𝟎

π’Š Γ— 𝒋 = π’Œ

𝒋 Γ— π’Œ = π’Š

π’Œ Γ— π’Š = 𝒋

𝒋 Γ— π’Š = βˆ’π’Œ

π’Œ Γ— 𝒋 = βˆ’π’Š

π’Š Γ— π’Œ = βˆ’π’‹

Page 9: Preliminaries of Analytic Geometry and Linear Algebra 3D modelling

9 Challenge the future

Cross Product: How is it calculated in analytic geometry?

Images courtesy of Raja Issa, Essential Mathematics for Computational Design

𝐴 = π‘Žπ‘₯π’Š + π‘Žπ‘¦π’‹ + π‘Žπ‘§π’Œ = π‘Žπ‘₯ π‘Žπ‘¦ π‘Žπ‘§π’Šπ’‹π’Œ

𝐡 = 𝑏π‘₯π’Š + 𝑏𝑦𝒋 + π‘π‘§π’Œ = 𝑏π‘₯ 𝑏𝑦 π‘π‘§π’Šπ’‹π’Œ

𝐴 Γ— 𝐡 = (π‘Žπ‘₯π’Š + π‘Žπ‘¦π’‹ + π‘Žπ‘§π’Œ) Γ— (𝑏π‘₯π’Š + 𝑏𝑦𝒋 + π‘π‘§π’Œ) =

π’Š 𝒋 π’Œπ‘Žπ‘₯ π‘Žπ‘¦ π‘Žπ‘§π‘π‘₯ 𝑏𝑦 𝑏𝑧

𝐴 Γ— 𝐡 = 𝐴 . 𝐡 . 𝑆𝑖𝑛(πœƒ)

𝐴 Γ— 𝐡 = π‘Žπ‘¦π‘π‘§ βˆ’ π‘Žπ‘§π‘π‘¦ π’Š + π‘Žπ‘§π‘π‘₯ βˆ’ π‘Žπ‘₯𝑏𝑧 𝒋 + π‘Žπ‘₯𝑏𝑦 βˆ’ π‘Žπ‘¦π‘π‘₯ π’Œ

Page 10: Preliminaries of Analytic Geometry and Linear Algebra 3D modelling

10 Challenge the future

INVISIBLE ORIENTATIONS

Place things on planes!

Planes in a Nutshell!

Images courtesy of David Rutten, Rhino Script 101

Page 11: Preliminaries of Analytic Geometry and Linear Algebra 3D modelling

11 Challenge the future

Matrix Operations [Linear Algebra]:

Look these up:

β€’ Trivial Facts

β€’ Identity Matrix

β€’ Multiplication of Matrices 𝐴𝐡 β‰  𝐡𝐴

β€’ Transposed Matrix (𝐴𝑇)𝑇= 𝐴

β€’ Systems of Linear Equations

β€’ Determinant

β€’ Inverse Matrix

β€’ PCA: Eigenvalues & Eigenvectors

Use MetaNumerics.DLL

𝐴𝐡𝑖,𝑗 𝑅×𝐢 = 𝐴 𝑖,π‘˜ Γ— 𝐡 π‘˜,𝑗

π‘š

π‘˜=1

𝐴 𝑅×𝑀 βˆ— 𝐡 𝑀×𝐢 = 𝐴𝐡𝑖,𝑗 𝑅×𝐢

Page 12: Preliminaries of Analytic Geometry and Linear Algebra 3D modelling

12 Challenge the future

TRANSFORMATIONS

β€’ Linear Transformations: Euclidean and Affine

β€’ Homogenous Coordinate System

β€’ Inverse Transforms?

β€’ Non-Linear Transformations?

Images courtesy of Raja Issa, Essential Mathematics for Computational Design

πΏπ‘–π‘›π‘’π‘Žπ‘Ÿ π‘‡π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘›π‘ π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘šπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘›π‘  by Matrices

Page 13: Preliminaries of Analytic Geometry and Linear Algebra 3D modelling

13 Challenge the future

TOPOLOGY in GH: Use matrices to represent graphs

Connectivity, Adjacency and Graphs in GH

We will see more about topology in solids and meshes!

Page 14: Preliminaries of Analytic Geometry and Linear Algebra 3D modelling

14 Challenge the future

Questions?