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The rise of American The rise of American Nationalism Nationalism

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The rise of American The rise of American NationalismNationalism

A New American CultureA New American Culture   

In 1823, there were fewer than 10 million In 1823, there were fewer than 10 million Americans. Americans.

The majority of the population still lived in The majority of the population still lived in rural areas along or near the East Coast. rural areas along or near the East Coast.

The largest city, New York, was home to The largest city, New York, was home to only about 120,000 people. only about 120,000 people.

Philadelphia and Baltimore were about half Philadelphia and Baltimore were about half that size. that size.

A New American CultureA New American Culture  American Art and LiteratureAmerican Art and Literature

In 1825 the painter Thomas Cole helped establish In 1825 the painter Thomas Cole helped establish the Hudson River School, a group of artists whose the Hudson River School, a group of artists whose landscapes both depicted and celebrated the landscapes both depicted and celebrated the AmericanAmerican countryside. countryside.

AmericanAmerican authors Washington Irving, James authors Washington Irving, James Fenimore Cooper, and William Cullen Bryant Fenimore Cooper, and William Cullen Bryant

Proved that Americans could create literature Proved that Americans could create literature respected in America as well as in Europe respected in America as well as in Europe

Noah Webster, lexicographer, publishedNoah Webster, lexicographer, published An An AmericanAmerican Dictionary of the English Language Dictionary of the English Language

Defined thousands of new wordsDefined thousands of new words

Nationalism Influences Domestic Nationalism Influences Domestic PolicyPolicy

John Marshall, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court John Marshall, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court (1801–1835)(1801–1835)– His court made two key rulings that reflected growing His court made two key rulings that reflected growing

feelings of feelings of nationalismnationalism and strengthened the national and strengthened the national government. government.

McCullochMcCulloch v. v. MarylandMaryland: : ThisThis case pitted the state case pitted the state of Maryland against the national government. In of Maryland against the national government. In his ruling, Marshall made it clear that national his ruling, Marshall made it clear that national interests were to be put above state interests.interests were to be put above state interests.

GibbonsGibbons v. v. OgdenOgden:: Marshall ruled that national Marshall ruled that national law was superior to state lawlaw was superior to state law

Nationalism Influences Domestic Nationalism Influences Domestic PolicyPolicy  

The American SystemThe American System Nationalistic domestic policy of the early Nationalistic domestic policy of the early

1800s championed by Henry 1800s championed by Henry ClayClay included: included: –a tariff to protect a tariff to protect AmericanAmerican industries industries – the sale of government lands to raise the sale of government lands to raise

money for the national government money for the national government – the maintenance of a national bank the maintenance of a national bank –government funding of internal government funding of internal

improvements or public projects such as improvements or public projects such as roads and canals roads and canals

The American SystemThe American System

The The AmericanAmerican SystemSystem was never was never implemented as a unified policy, implemented as a unified policy, although the national government did although the national government did establish tariffs and a bank. establish tariffs and a bank.

It demonstrated the nationalist feelings It demonstrated the nationalist feelings of Americans of the early 1800sof Americans of the early 1800s

Nationalism Guides Foreign Nationalism Guides Foreign PolicyPolicy   

The Monroe Doctrine The Monroe Doctrine  After Napoleon was defeated, Spain After Napoleon was defeated, Spain

and other European powers considered and other European powers considered retaking control of their former colonies retaking control of their former colonies in the Americas. in the Americas.

Some Spanish colonies in Central and Some Spanish colonies in Central and South America declared their South America declared their independence in the early 1800s when independence in the early 1800s when Spain was fighting Napoleon. Spain was fighting Napoleon.

Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine President Monroe and Secretary of State President Monroe and Secretary of State

John Quincy Adams declared a new policy, John Quincy Adams declared a new policy, known as the Monroe Doctrine. known as the Monroe Doctrine.

It declared the Americas off limits to It declared the Americas off limits to European colonization.  European colonization. 

American lawmakers wanted to deter any American lawmakers wanted to deter any foreign country from taking lands in the foreign country from taking lands in the Americas that the United States might Americas that the United States might someday claim.someday claim.

The Missouri CompromiseThe Missouri Compromise There were 22 states in the Union in 1819. There were 22 states in the Union in 1819. In half of the states—the “slave states” of the In half of the states—the “slave states” of the

South—slavery was legal. South—slavery was legal. In half of the states—the “free states” of the NorthIn half of the states—the “free states” of the North

—slavery was illegal. —slavery was illegal. This exact balance between slave states and free This exact balance between slave states and free

states gave them equal representation in the U.S. states gave them equal representation in the U.S. Senate. Senate.

If Missouri were admitted as a slave state, the If Missouri were admitted as a slave state, the balance would be upset. balance would be upset.

Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise

Missouri Compromise Missouri Compromise of 1820: agreement of 1820: agreement under which Missouri was admitted to the under which Missouri was admitted to the Union as a slave state and Maine was to be Union as a slave state and Maine was to be admitted as a free stateadmitted as a free state

The agreement also banned slavery north of The agreement also banned slavery north of Parallel 36°30' North in the Missouri in the Missouri Territory.Territory.