INTRODUCTION TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE USING FUZZY LOGIC AND NEURAL NETWORK

By: Mr. Snehal Dewaji Gongle

Electronics & Communication Engg.MIET Gondia, Maharashtra

Email: gonglesnehal4@gmail.com

Contents

Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence using Fuzzy and NN Fuzzy Logic Traditional Logic v/s Fuzzy Logic Neural Network Biological aspect for Architecture of

Artificial Neural Network Fuzzy-Neural Hybrid Network Conclusion and Reference

Intro to Artificial Intelligence:

The branch of computer science concerned with making computers behave like humans. The term was coined in 1956 by John McCarthy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Machines that perceive, understand and react to their environment in other words Machines that think is due to Artificial Intelligence.

Definition:

Example: The Automatic Car Parking: The Auto-pilot mode in planes:

Artificial Intelligence using Fuzzy and Neural Network:

AI applications built on logicInduction, semantic queries, system of logicThese sequence, systems or queries are

solved on the basics of Fuzzy Sets.Computers as same as humans

As humans connect their thoughts by the flow of neuronal data transfer

Same as the neural data transfer the Artificial Neural Network transfer the data in computers.

Computers much better than humansThe accuracy rate in the calculation part is

high as compared.

Fuzzy logic:

Definition of fuzzy logic

o A form of knowledge representation

suitable for notions that cannot be defined

precisely, but which depend upon their

contexts. History:

In the year 1965 Lotfi Zadeh, published his famous paper (Fuzzy sets). Zadeh extended the work on possibility theory into a formal system of mathematical logic, and introduced a new concept for applying natural language terms.

This new and multi-valued logic for representing and manipulating fuzzy terms was called fuzzy logic.

Traditional Logic v/s Fuzzy Logic:

Slow Fast

Speed = 0 Speed = 1

Fastest

Slow

Fast

[ 0.0 – 0.25 ]

[ 0.25 – 0.50 ]

[ 0.50 – 0.75 ]

[ 0.75 – 1.00 ]

Slowest

(a) Boolean Logic. (b) Multi-valued Logic. 0 1 1 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 0 1 1 0

Traditional logic Fuzzy logic

Fuzzy logic is based on the idea that all things admit of degrees or can be drew into sets . Temperature, height, speed, distance, beauty – all come on a sliding scale.

We can have different characteristics of players on basis of:

Strength: strong, medium, weak Aggressiveness: meek, medium, nastyIf meek and attacked, run away fastIf medium and attacked, run away slowlyIf nasty and strong and attacked, attack back

Fuzzy set theory: An object is in a set by matter of degree 1.0 => in the set 0.0 => not in the set 0.0 < object < 1.0 => partially in the setExample:

Neural Network:

Neural Networks are used for:

pattern recognition (objects in images, voice, medical diagnostics for diseases, etc.)exploratory analysis (data mining)predictive models and control

A method of computing, based on the interaction of multiple

connected processing elements

Definition:

NN consist of inputs, outputs, hidden data and weights

Biological aspect for architecture of Artificial Neural Network:

Synapses

Axon

Dendrites

Synapses++

+--

(weights)

Nodes

Such as neuron has many no. Of inputs (dendrites) and a single output (axon) in that format we design the neural network consist of (nodes) and (weights).

SynapseAxon

Cell body

Dendrites

Neuron

Fuzzy-Neural Hybrid Network:

For example, while neural networks are good at recognizing patterns, they are not good at explaining how they reach their decisions.Fuzzy logic systems, which can reason with imprecise information, are good at explaining their decisions but they cannot automatically acquire the rules they use to make those decisions.These limitations have been a central driving force behind the creation of intelligent hybrid systems where two or more techniques are combined in a manner that overcomes individual techniques even after they are hard at training period but lately they are excellent in accuracy.

In Hybrid network both the Fuzzy Logic and Neural Network are taken and combined together to form Fuzzy-Neural Network.

• Transfer function g is linear• If wk=0 then wk AND xk=0 while if wk=1

then wk AND xk= xk independent of xk

y=OR(x1 AND w1, x2 AND w2 … xn AND wn)

OR:[0,1]x[0,1]n->[0,1]

OR Fuzzy-Neural:

y=AND(x1 OR w1, x2 OR w2 … xn OR wn)

AND:[0,1]x[0,1]n->[0,1]

And Fuzzy-Neural:

y = g(w.x)

Conclusion and Reference:

Fuzzy logic provides away to represent linguistic and subjective attributes of the real world in computing.

Yes Neural Networks are hard at the training part, and also they are time consuming but once it is trained its accuracy is great

With the help of Fuzzy and Neural Network the Artificial Intelligence can be developed.

Reference:

L. Smith, "An Introduction to Neural Networks", URL: http://www.cs.stir.ac.uk/~lss/NNIntro/InvSlides.html