power hump

Savitribai Phule Pune University

1.INTRODUCTION

In the present scenario power becomes the major need for human life .The availability

and its per capita consumptions are regarded as the index of national standard of living in the

present day civilization. Energy is an important input in all the sectors of any countries economy.

Energy crisis is due to two reasons, firstly the population of the world has been increased rapidly

and secondly standard of living of human beings has increased. India is the country, which

majorly suffers with lack of sufficient power generation.

The availability of regular conventional fossil fuels will be the main sources for power

generation, but there is a fear that they will get exhausted eventually by the next few decades.

Therefore, we have to investigate some approximate, alternative, new sources for the power

generation, which is not depleted by the very few years. Another major problem, which is

becoming the exiting topic for today is the pollution. It suffers all the living organisms of all

kinds as on the land, in aqua and in air. Power stations and automobiles are the major pollution

producing places. Therefore, we have to investigate other types of renewable sources, which

produce electricity without using any commercial fossil fuels, which is not producing any

harmful products. There are already is existing such systems using renewable energy such as

solar wind), OTEC (ocean thermal energy conversions) etc…for power generation. The latest

technology which is used to generate the power by such renewable energy” POWER HUMP”.

In the present day scenario power has become the major need for human life. Energy is

an important input in all the sectors of any countries economy. The day-to-day increasing

Mechanical Department , Spcoe,Dumberwadi 1


population and decreasing conventional sources for power generation, provides a need to think

on non-conventional energy resources . Here in this paper we are looking forward to conserve

the kinetic energy that gone wasted, while vehicles move. The number of vehicles passing over

speed breaker on road is increasing day by day. Beneath speed breaker, setting up an electro

mechanical unit known to be power hump, could help us conserving this energy and use it for

power generation. The electrical output can be improved by arranging these power humps in

series. This generated power can be stored, by using different electrical devices. We can supply

this energy to street lights, traffic lights, and nearby areas, and thus helps in country’s economy.

We could make it more efficient, by also having a solar panels that provides for power needs

while the vehicles were not moving .

Next time on the roads, don’t scoff at the speed breakers. They could actually light up

small villages off the highway. The rotor (rotating shaft) is directly connected to the prime mover

and rotates as the prime mover turns. The rotor contains a magnet that, when turned, produces a

moving or rotating magnetic field. The rotor is surrounded by a stationary casing called the

stator, which contains the wound copper coils or windings. When the moving magnetic field

passes by these windings, electricity is produced in them. By controlling the speed at which the

rotor is turned, a steady flow of electricity is produced in the windings. These windings are

connected to the electricity network via transmission lines. IIT Guwahati has evaluated the

machine and recommended it to the Assam ministry of power for large scale funding. IIT design

department says it is a ‘very viable proposition’ to harness thousands of mega watts of electricity

untapped across the country every day.

A vehicle weighing 1,000 kg going up a height of 10 cm on such a rumble strip produces

approximately 0.98 kilowatt power. So one such speed-breaker on a busy highway, where about

100 vehicles pass every minute, about one kilo watt of electricity can be produced every single

minute. The figure will be huge at the end of the day.



2.LITERATURE REVIEW

Amanpreet Kaur1 (2014) ,“Power Generation Using Speed Breaker with Auto Street

Light”. The energy crisis is any great bottleneck in the supply of energy resources to an

economy. The studies to sort out the energy crisis led to the idea of generating power using speed

breaker. Firstly, South African electrical crisis has made them implemented this method to light

up small villages of the highway. The idea is basic physics, to convert the kinetic energy into

electrical energy that gone wasted when the vehicle runs over speed-breaker [5]. Since then, a lot

has been done in this field. An amateur innovator, Kanak Gogoi in Guwahati has developed a

similar contraption to generate power, when a vehicle passes over speed-breaker. The idea has

caught the eye of IIT-Guwahati, which funded the pilot project related to generate electricity

from speed-breakers. They has evaluated the machine and recommended to the Assam

government. Their work has provided the need to think on this alternative to generate electricity

on the large scale, as it proves to be a boon to the economy of the country.

Shakun Srivastava , Ankit asthana(2012), “produce electricity by the use of speed

breakers” Electricity in India? Is a big problem which is faced by people who resides in the

country. Generating electricity by speed breakers is innovative and useful concept. Electricity is

the form of energy, Electricity is a basic part of nature and it is one of our most widely used

forms of energy. We get electricity, which is a secondary energy source, from the conversion of

other sources of energy, like coal, natural gas, oil, nuclear power and other natural sources,

which are called primary sources.

Many cities and towns were built alongside water falls that turned water wheels to

perform work. Before electricity generation began slightly over 100 years ago, we use kerosene

lamps, , and rooms were warmed by wood-burning or coalburning stoves. Direct current (DC)

electricity had been used in arc lights for outdoor lighting. In the late-1800s, Nikola Tesla

pioneered the generation, transmission, and use of alternating current (AC) electricity, which can

be transmitted over much greater distances than direct current. Tesla's inventions used electricity

to bring indoor lighting to our homes and to power industrial machines. Electricity generation

was first developed in the 1800's using Faradays dynamo generator.Almost 200 years later we

are still using the same basic principles to generate electricity, only on a much larger scale.



3.Basic Principle And Block Diagram

Fig 1 Block Diagram

Principle:

While moving, the vehicles possess some kinetic energy and it is being wasted. This

kinetic energy can be utilized to produce power by using a special arrangement called POWER

HUMP. It is an Electro-Mechanical unit. It utilizes both mechanical technologies and electrical

techniques for the power generation and its storage. POWER HUMP is a dome like device likely

to be speed breaker. Whenever the vehicle is allowed to pass over the dome it gets pressed

downwards then the springs are attached to the dome is compressed and the rack which is

attached to the bottom of the dome moves downward in reciprocating motion. Since the rack has

teeth connected to gears, there exists conversion of reciprocating motion of rack into rotary

motion of gears but the two gears rotate in opposite direction. A flywheel is mounted on the shaft

whose function is to regulate the fluctuation in the energy and to make the energy uniform. So

that the shafts will rotate with certain R.P.M. these shafts are connected through a belt drive to

the dynamos, which converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy. The conversion will

be proportional to traffic density.

Whenever an armature rotates between the magnetic fields of south and north poles, an

E.M.F is induced in it. So, for inducing the E.M.F. armature coil has to rotate, for rotating this

armature it is connected to a long shaft. By rotating same e.m.f is induced, for this rotation

kinetic energy of moving vehicles is utilized. The power is generated in both the directions; to



convert this power into one way, a special component is used called zener diode for continuous

supply. All this mechanism can be housed under the dome, like speed breaker, which is called

HUMP. The electrical output can be improved by arranging these “POWER HUMPS” in series.

This generated power can be amplified and stored by using different electrical devices

4.CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING

4.1 Construction: Mechanical diagram of electricity generation system by the hump arrangement on the

road is shown below:

• A flexible hump made up of steel stripes, angle & channels fitted & hinged together in such a

manner in the form of hump which can be pressed and released vertically down & up supported

with springs.

• A flexible vertical shaft has been hinged at the bottom side of the hump arrangement

and the other end of the shaft is hinged with the crank of 0.859 m positioned with the angle 45°

with respect to horizontal plane.

• A fly wheel of dia. 0.070 m again arranged and designed to rotate 1.5 rotations

with the rotation of crank.

• The fly-wheel’s shaft then axially connected to spiral spring.

• Unwinding of spiral spring shaft is then coupled to the shaft of a generator to

produce electricity of designed capacity



Fig: Mechanical arrangement for generating electricity from hump on road

4.2 WORKING

Speed breaker POWER GENERATOR Converters basically new concept of non-conventional energy generation. It is electro-mechanical energy generating machine. This machine converts reciprocating motion in to rotary motion. The rotational power is stored in flywheel & flywheel rotates dynamo, which generates electricity.

Here first important point is how we get reciprocating motion, which is prime input in the

system. For that we use weight of Moving vehicle on the Speed breaker. We put our machine

underneath the Sped breaker installing different units. All the units are connected to the common

shaft using chain and sprocket drive.



Fig: Construction of Speed Breaker

The head of rack is brought up to level beneath the speed breaker surface. When vehicle

moves on the speed breaker, the rack it will be pushed down. The rack is attached with free

wheel type pinion that rotates in one direction only. The rack & pinion arrangement convert

reciprocating motion in to rotary motion.

This rotary motion is further magnified using reciprocating motion in to rotary motion-

belt & pulley drive. The output of pulley is attached with flywheel which stores kinetic energy

and transfer to dynamo which generate electricity with zero cost. A "generator" and "motor" is

essentially the same thing: what you call it depends on whether electricity is going into the unit

or coming out of it. A generator produces electricity. In a generator, something causes the shaft

and armature to spin. This generated power is used for various application required by different

user.



5. POWER CALCULATIONS

Let us consider,

The mass of any vehicle travelling over the speed breaker= 300Kg (Approximately)

Height of speed brake = 15 cm

Work done = weight of the body x distance travelled by the vehicle

Here, Weight of the Body = 300 Kg x 9.81 = 2943 N

Distance traveled by the body = Height of the speed breaker = 15cm

Power = Work done/Second = (2943 x 0.15)/60 = 7.3575 Watts

Output Power developed for 1 vehicle passing over the speed

Breaker arrangement for one minute = 7.3575 watts

Power developed for 60 minutes (1 hr.) = 441.45 watts

Power developed for 24 hours = 10.5948 Kw

This power generated by vehicles is more than sufficient to run four street lights in the night

time.



6. RACK AND PINION MECHANISM

Fig: Rack and pinion Mechanism

RACK AND PINION MECHANISM :Speed breaker POWER GENERATOR Converters basically new concept of non-

conventional energy generation. It is electro-mechanical energy generating machine. This

machine converts reciprocating motion in to rotary motion. The rotational power is stored in

flywheel & flywheel rotates dynamo, which generates electricity. .

The head of rack is brought up to level beneath the speed breaker surface. When vehicle

moves on the speed breaker, the rack it will be pushed down. The rack is attached with free

wheel type pinion that rotates in one direction only. The rack & pinion arrangement convert

reciprocating motion in to rotary motion.

This rotary motion is further magnified using reciprocating motion in to rotary motion-

belt & pulley drive. The output of pulley is attached with flywheel which stores kinetic energy

and transfer to dynamo which generate electricity with zero cost. A "generator" and "motor" is

essentially the same thing: what you call it depends on whether electricity is going into the unit

or coming out of it. A generator produces electricity. In a generator, something causes the shaft

and armature to spin. This generated power is used for various application required by different

user.



7. EQUIPMENT USED

1. Rack And Pinion Gears

The rack and pinion is used to convert between rotary and linear motion. The rack is the

flat toothed part, the pinion is the gear. Rack and pinion can convert from rotary to linear of

from linear to rotary.

2. Ball bearings:

A roller-element bearing is a bearing which carries a load by placing round elements

between the two pieces. The relative motion of the pieces causes the round elements to roll

(tumble) with little sliding.[3]Fig-III

Fig :Ball Bearing

3. Springs:

A spring is a flexible elastic object used to store mechanical energy. Springs are usually

made out of hardened steel. Small springs can be wound from pre-hardened stock, while larger

ones are made from annealed steel and hardened after fabrication. Some non-ferrous metals are

also used including phosphor bronze and titanium for parts requiring corrosion resistance and

beryllium copper for springs carrying electrical current (because of its low electrical resistance).

4. Dynamo

The dynamo uses rotating coils of wire and magnetic fields to convert mechanical

rotation into a pulsing direct electric current through Faraday's law. A dynamo machine consists

of a stationary structure, called the stator, which provides a constant magnetic field, and a set of

rotating winding called the armature which turn within that field. On small machines the constant

magnetic field may be provided by one or more permanent magnets; larger machines have the

constant magnetic field provided by one or more electromagnets, which are usually called field

coils.



Fig: Dynamo5. Speed Breakers

Speed breakers are used to slow down the speed of vehicle by offering a resistance on

wheels. It is in strips in two to five number lying parallel to each other on the road. It can be

easily seen on railway crossings.[5]

Fig: Speed Breaker

6.Spur Gear

It is a positive power transmission device with definite velocity ratio. It is preferred for

adjusting some linear misalignment.It should have high wear and tear, shock-absorbing capacity.

7. Flywheel

The primary function of flywheel is to act as an energy accumulator. It reduces the

fluctuations in speed [9]. It absorbs the energy when demand is less and releases the same when

it is required.



8. Shaft

It is a rotating element, which is used to transmit power from one place to another place.

It supports the rotating elements like gears and flywheels. It must have high torsional rigidity and

lateral rigidity.

9. Generator

It is a device, which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The generator

uses rotating coils of wire and magnetic fields to convert mechanical rotation into a pulsing

direct electric current through “Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction”.3



8. ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE

8.1 Advantages :

Simple construction ,mature technology .and easy maintenance.

No manual work necessary during generation.

Energy available all year round.

No fuel transportation problem.

Pollution free power generation .

Low Budget electricity production

No obstruction hot traffic

Easy maintenance

Power generation with low cost and using non-conventional energy sources which will

help us to conserve the conventional energy sources to meet the future demand.

By using this method, electricity will be generated throughout the year without depending

on other factors.

8.2 Disadvantages :

We have to check mechanism from time to time.

It can get rusted in rainy season

May not work with light weight vehicles

Not work properly in Rainy season

8.3. APPLICATION

Suitable at parking of multiplexes, malls, toll booths, signals, etc.

Uses: Charging batteries and using them to light up the streets, etc.

On toll plaza



10.CONCLUSION

In the coming days, as demand of electricity is increasing every moment, it will prove a

great boon to the world, since it will save a lot of electricity of power plants which are wasted in

illuminating the street light. Future aim of this research is to develop our country by enriching it

in utilizing its sources in more useful manner. Any country can only develop when it uses power

supply frequently and not by getting breakdown in middle course of time.

Now times comes when these types of innovative ideas should be brought into practice.

Atleast by this idea we should start to think something about to save electricity. This project can

also be modified by using camshaft and pulley system instead of gears which we have used in

our project which will reduce the complexities and difficulties faced during the seminar



11. FUTURE SCOPE

The utilization of energy is an indication of the growth of a nation. For example, the per

capita energy consumption in USA is 9000 KWh (Kilo Watt hour) per year, whereas the

consumption in India is 1200 KWh (Kilo Watt hour). One might conclude that to be materially

rich and prosperous, a human being needs to consume more and more energy. A recent survey on

the energy consumption in India had published a pathetic report that 85,000 villages in India do

not still have electricity. Supply of power in most part of the country is poor. Hence more

research and development and commercialization technologies are needed in this field. India,

unlike the top developed countries has very poor roads. Talking about a particular road itself

includes a number of speed breakers.

“Power Generation Unit from Speed Breakers”, so much of energy can be tapped. This

energy can be used for the lights on the either sides of the roads and thus much power that is

consumed by these lights can be utilized to send power to these villages.



References

[1] Hindman Sanchez Smart' Stopping Speeders in the Community Smart speed bumps reward safe drivers". New Scientist

[2] Sharma, P.C., “Non-conventional power plants”, Public Printing Service, New Delhi, 2003.

[3] Mukherjee D. Chakrabarti, S., “Non-conventional power plants”, 2005.

[4] “Power System Dynamics and Control”, K.R.Padiyar, Interline Publishers Bangalore.

[5] 15. “Every speed breaker is now a source of power”, IPCBEE vol.1, 2011.

[6] “Production of electricity by the method of road power generation”, IJAEEE, 2010.

[7] Kenneth Hall, “Israeli firm developing electricity-generating road”, Dec 08.


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