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www.WATTAgNet.com JULY 2010
Digital version at www.poultryinternational-digital.com
Live Production Survey:
Biosecurity and food safety top issues
Plus:Unique sustainable layer house opens in the Netherlands
Australia’s poultry farmers to benefit from net energy system
12 tips for broiler cold store management
Digital version at www.poultryinternational-digital.comDigital version at www.poultryinternational-digital.comDigital version at www.poultryinternational-digital.comThe le
ading animal a
gricultu
re resource
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Giordano Poultry Plast S.P.A. - 12023 CARAGLIO - CUNEO - ITALYTel. +39/0171/61.97.15 - Fax +39/0171/81.75.81
[email protected] www.poultryplast.com
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JULY 2010 | www.WATTAgNet.com
1www.WATTAgNet.com JULY 2010Volume 49 Number 7
10 Biosecurity, food safety top concerns for live productionExclusive WATT survey reveals an industry focused on biosecurity and food safety with a signi� cant number of � rms ready to grow.
14 Unique sustainable layer house opens in the NetherlandsRondeel allows expression of natural behaviour, uses little energy, and produces premium eggs.
16 Challenges and the global egg industry — IEC Paris 2010� e latest International Egg Commission conference looked at how the industry can help to tackle increasingly pressing issues.
18 Australia’s poultry farmers to benefi t from net energy feed systemAustralia’s Poultry CRC is developing a net energy system to boost the competitiveness and reduce the carbon footprint of the country’s producers.
20 A eubiotic approach to necrotic enteritis in broilersCreating a healthy intestinal � ora may be a route to controlling one of the most threatening emerging diseases in the poultry industry.
24 Poultry producer survey reveals positive outlookProducers feel positively about the next � ve years but issues of concern remain.
26 12 tips for broiler cold store management� e value of cold rooms to today’s industry is indisputable but they must be properly managed.
Features
Departments
2 Website News
4 Editor’s Comment
6 Around the World
30 Products
35 Marketplace
36 Advertisers’ Index
Cover picture: Agripicture UK
JULY 2010 | www.WATTAgNet.com
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Video: Turn sustainability communications to your advantage Here’s advice on setting up and managing a sustainability communications programme from Leigh Ann Johnston, Tyson Foods’ environmental, health and safety,
training and sustainability manager.www.WATTAgNet.com/15958.html
Video: Energy saving in broiler productionJack Knight of Rural Energy details the Renewable Heating Incentive and growth of the biomass market.www.WATTAgNet.com/15923.html
Video: Formulation trends in further processed poultryLower sodium and clean labels are among the challenges facing poultry further processors.www.WATTAgNet.com/15878.html
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Video: Formulation trends in
Video: Turn sustainability
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AnimalAgNet: Are consumers naturally suspicious?
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EU and Mercosur to restart free trade talksA market with a combined population of 700 million, you’d want to be a part of that wouldn’t you?
Only if you felt that you would be able to compete within that market.
The prospect is now on the horizon, however, as the EU and Mercosur — the regional bloc comprising Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay — have announced the resumption of talks to create a free trade area with the potential for exports in both directions of the equivalent of Euro 5,000 million ($6,174 million).
According to Spanish President Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero, if a bilateral Association Agreement is concluded, it would be the most important of its kind to be signed by the EU.
Not everyone is happy. This is not the first time that the
two groupings have set out along
this path. The last time, talks failed partly as a result of the EU’s position on agriculture, and agriculture could again prove to be a stumbling block.
Various EU countries have come out against resuming talks, arguing that an agreement would put producers at risk. Europe’s agricultural unions are also worried.
Cogeca president Paolo Bruni has said that a bilateral agreement would cause a sharp rise in poultry imports, while Copa president Padraig Walsh has been even more critical.
He said: “The move will endanger the EU’s high quality and safety standards. EU producers have to comply with stringent requirements, which makes it much more costly to produce, while Mercosur countries do not have to.
“They use growth promoters in their meat even though they are
banned in the EU. They have poor antibiotic controls. Their labour conditions are unacceptable by EU standards."
There are always winners and losers in any agreement but there are estimates that, should a deal be concluded, poultry imports into Europe could jump by as much as 25%.
Zapatero has commented that, in the current economic crisis the best answer is to open up.
Formal discussions will start in July, but conclusion is expected to be a long and drawn out process and as economies improve that end point may become ever-more distant. ◻
Editor’s Comment Mark Clements
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is an independent provider of scientific advice and communication on risks associated with the food chain. The remit of this European Union body covers food and feed safety, nutrition, animal health and welfare, plant protection and plant health.
Based in Parma, Italy, EFSA was established in January 2002 following a series of food crises in the late 1990s, and acts as a source of independent scientific advice on existing and emerging risks.
Its main role is to assess and communicate on all risks associated with the food chain. Since EFSA’s advice supports the policies and decisions of risk managers, a large part of its work is undertaken in response to specific requests
for scientific advice. EFSA also undertakes scientific work on its own initiative.
In addition to its 400 members of staff, EFSA can also call on 1,200 external scientific experts. Its Advisory Forum network comprises the 27 Member States, as well as the European Commission and three countries as observers.
Since its establishment, EFSA has adopted some 1,000 scientific opinions. It works by consulting with its stakeholders and seeking input from interested parties on its work and activities. It also works closely with national food safety authorities across the EU, and cooperates with other EU bodies and international organisations active in food and feed safety.
To find out more about EFSA, go to: www.efsa.europa.eu
EDITOR’S FOCUSThe European Food Safety Authority
Formal discussions
will begin in July.
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6
International paper box marks anniversaryInternational Paper is marking the 10-year anniversary of its recyclable, wax-free poultry box.
The company developed the line in the late 1990s to help meet the sustainability needs of its poultry customers. Since then, the firm has produced more than 1 billion wax-free poultry boxes.
Poland witnesses strong growth in broiler breeder placementsBroiler breeder placements in Poland grew from 5 million in 2003 to nearly 7 million last year, an increase of almost 40%, reports Hubbard. The country has become one of the most important European markets, and the company notes that last year its sales volume grew by 33% in comparison with the year before.
Like most North European countries, Poland mainly places standard-type breeders, however some 4-5% of the market uses dwarf-type breeders, predominantly for cages but also for floor systems, says Hubbard, which celebrates its 20th anniversary in the country this year.
Assurance scheme launched for UK duck producersA new UK Duck Assurance Scheme (DAS) was developed for producers who are keen to demonstrate their high standards of production, and co-developer SAI Global has been designated as the inspection body.
The scheme covers: breeding; hatching; rearing; catching; transport; slaughter; free range and table eggs. Areas that will be assessed under the scheme include animal welfare and environmental protection, health and safety training and development of farm
Cargill to build chicken facility in Russia: Cargill Inc. plans to build a chicken processing facility at its Efremov, Russia location. Construction will start in fall 2010 with the facility operational by the end of 2011.
New poultry grandparent facilities started in Poland: Work has started on the construction of state-of-the-art grandparent (GP) facilities, including rearing and laying farms, at Poznan, western Poland, following the signing of an agreement between BroMargo, a private Polish integrator, and Aviagen EPI.
JBT inks deals with German processors: Chicago-based JBT Corp. announced that its FoodTech division has secured $5.4 million in contracts to supply freezing goods for two German-based food processing plants.
Moy Park to acquire O’Kane: Moy Park will buy O’Kane poultry, a deal expected to take several months to complete. The merger would create one of the largest chicken producers in the UK.
SNIPPETS
Around the World
Scientists at the U.S. Agricultural Research Service said they have detected over 700 genes that give microbes the ability to resist antibiotics and other antimicrobial compounds.
Concerned some of these organisms have acquired genetic resistance to the antibiotics used to kill them, researchers said finding genes that offer resistance is
an important step for scientists looking for new ways to control the organisms.
Using DNA microarray technology, ARS and collaborators at the Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center said they have found what makes bacteria, including salmonella, E. coli and campylobacter, resistant. Findings were published in the journal Microbial Drug Resistance.
Scientists discover antibiotic-resistant genes
Something’s in the air
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workers along with the food safety issues for the consumer.
The scheme is owned and administered by the British Poultry Council and is managed by an independently chaired technical advisory committee.
UK’s organic poultry sector needs help with 2012 rule change Organic certifiers in the UK are being urged to take the lead in preparing the sector for 2012 regulations requiring pullets to be fully organic.
The call has come from Hi Peak Peak Organic Feeds, whose feed advisor Mike Burrows says: “Organic poultry producers need guidance on the issue of pullet supply for 2012 as a matter of urgency. Under the new measures, pullets will have to have access to outdoor ranging, and many established organic pullet-rearing units will not have the facility to accommodate this.”
Rearers will need to be compliant by the second week of August 2012.
Netherlands detects avian flu The Dutch Ministry of Agriculture detected avian influenza on a poultry farm in Deurne. Although the H7 strain is described as mild and not deemed dangerous to humans, the infected chickens were expected to be culled as a safety precaution.
A three-kilometer zone around the infected farm is also being watched, where there are 20 other poultry farms. These farms will be screened, and other places that may have had contact with the infected farm recently will also be investigated. Bird and animal transport to and from the area is also restricted.
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JULY 2010 | www.WATTAgNet.com
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Norel Animal Nutrition opened an India liaison office and appointed Sachin M. Ingewar sales and technical manager for India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal. Sachin will manage the company’s commercial and technical activities in the region, handle relations with customers and distributors and manage the new office.
Aviagen has appointed Jonny Harrison to the new role of global technical transfer manager. The company has also divided its Central Eastern European area appointing Danny Rotherham area technical manager for Russia and Neil Clark to the same position for the remaining 20-country region.
APPOINTMENTS
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www.WATTAgNet.com | JULY 2010
Yuhe International reports mixed results Yuhe International Inc., a Chinese supplier of day-old chickens raised for meat production, or broilers, announced that net revenue rose while gross profit declined during the first quarter this year. Net revenue increased 7.7% to $11.8 million compared to $10.9 million for the same period last year. Results were driven mainly by a 10.8% rise in sales of day-old broilers, offset by a 2.7% decrease in the selling price of this product. Gross profit, meanwhile, went down 4% to $3.9 million from $4.1 million due to price increases for corn. Operating income dipped 7.9% to $3 million compared to $3.2 million, and net income increased 0.4% to $2.93 million compared to $2.91 million a year ago.
Around the World
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August 23: European Poultry Conference 2010, Tours, France, www.epc2010.org
September 6: VIV China 2010, Beijing, www.viv.net
September 6: XXII International Poultry Symposium, Olsztyn, Poland
EVENTS
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Nineteen organic egg farms in Germany and eight in the Netherlands have had the sale of their eggs embargoed due to dioxin contamination. Sales from the farms have been suspended for at least a week.
The contamination is thought to be the result of contaminated corn from the Ukraine used in feed. The grain is reported to have been processed in organic poultry feed by a
number of companies. Dioxin contamination of eggs hit the German headlines back in 2005, with calls for greater controls on free-range production, which may result in eggs with higher dioxin levels than those from caged birds. Neither details of the level of dioxin contamination on the farms, or how the feed may have become contaminated are known. Investigations are ongoing.
Dioxin contamination hits organic egg farms in Germany, Netherlands
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Biosecurity, food safety top issues for live production
WATT PoultryUSA polled industry people responsible for live production management about their top challenges, production techniques and business outlook in 2010. Their responses reveal an industry that is focused on biosecurity and food safety with a significant number of firms ready to increase production in 2010.
Following are a few key findings: ✷ The business outlook is
generally favourable, with 30% of respondents saying sales and profits are good now and 46% expecting to see slowly improving sales and profits in the next 12 months.
✷ Plans for production volume are mixed, with an equal percentage (44%) expecting to increase production volume and keep it the same in 2010.
✷ The highest priority for investment in live production facilities in 2010 is in ventilation equipment.
✷ Biosecurity and food safety are the top challenges faced by managers.
✷ The most commonly used salmonella reduction measure is rodent control, with 70% of respondents indicating usage.
✷ Just over 57% of respondents said their companies are now engaged in producing antibiotic-free poultry.
Survey participants Survey responses came from
a cross-section of live production managers at broiler and turkey companies, including live-operations vice presidents, live production managers, broiler and turkey managers, breeder production managers,
Business outlook, 2010Sales/profit outlook for the second half of 2010
Poor profitability ahead
6%
18%
30%
46%Significantimprovementahead
Sales/profitsare good now
Slowly improvingsales/profits
Production volume plans, 2010Outlook for prodcutionvolume in 2010 12%
44%
44%Decrease from 2009
Increase from 2009
Stay the sameas in 2009
Gary Thornton
This exclusive WATT Live Production Survey reveals a
focus on biosecurity and food safety with a significant
number of poultry firms ready to grow production.
Exclusive survey:
Over 90% of the live production managers polled have a favorable business outlook, and 18% expect business conditions to improve significantly in the second half of 2010.
Mixed picture for production growth: An equal number of respondents (44%) said their companies will expand production or keep it the same as in 2009.
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hatchery managers and corporate veterinarians. Responses came from 79 managers across the globe, with the majority from North America.
Business outlook for 2010 The business outlook is generally
optimistic among poultry live production managers. Forty-six percent of respondents believe there will be slowly improving sales and profi ts in the next months; 30% say that sales and profi ts are good now; and 18% expect business conditions to improve signifi cantly in the second half of 2010. Only 6% of respondents said they expect to see negative or poor profi tability over the next 12 months.
Some production expansion Survey responses indicate a mixed
picture for changes in production volume in 2010. An equal number of respondents (44%) said their companies will expand production in 2010 or keep it the same as in 2009. Twelve percent said production volume will decrease in 2010.
Major challenges“Biosecurity/disease” and “food safety
of fi nished products and regulations” were rated as the two most important live production concerns.
Over 80% of respondents ranked “biosecurity/disease” as being among their top three concerns, with 52% saying it was their single-highest priority.
Live production challenges Ranked by importance; lower score = higher importae
Biosecurity/disease 2.021
Food safety 2.796
Flock performance 2.918
Animal welfare 3.449
Environment/sustainability 3.551
Grower relations/recruitment 3.979
Discontinuation of antibiotics in feed 4.043
Capital for production facilities 4.224
Mycotoxins in feed 4.271
Research to support decision making 4.723
Salmonella reduction measures Percentage of respondents using the measure
Rodent control 70
Litter management 58
Salmonella-free breeders 48
Treatment of drinking water at feed withdrawal 40
Disinfect hatching eggs 35
Antibiotics in breeders 23
Breeder live vaccination 20
Competitive exclusion in breeders 20
Salmonella vaccination of broilers/turkeys 18
Competitive exclusion in broilers/turkeys 15
Measures in live haul 13
Other measures 5
Gut microflora technologies Percentage of respondents using the technology
Chlorinated drinking water 70
Acidified drinking water 58
Enzymes in feed 58
Growth-promoting antibiotics 48
Coccidiosis vaccines 38
Yeast cell wall products 33
Competitive exclusion cultures 30
Direct-fed microbials 28
Salmonella vaccines 25
Ozonated drinking water 3
Over 80% of respondents ranked “biosecurity/disease” as among their three top challenges, with 52% saying it was their single-highest priority.
The most commonly used salmonella reduction measure is rodent control, with 70% of respondents indicating usage.
Just over 57% indicated their companies are now producing antibiotic-free poultry.
Complete Nutrition and Feeding Survey results are available at www.WATTAgNet.com/14669.html
Go online for more Complete Complete
Nutrition and Nutrition and
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“Food safety” was ranked somewhat lower with over 70% of respondents ranking it as among their top three concerns.
Live production managers are also focused on the basics. “Management of programs to achieve live performance in flocks” was the third-highest ranked concern among respondents.
“Animal welfare” was ranked fourth in overall importance by respondents.
Mycotoxin challengeWith a late harvest of grains in
the US and much wet weather, the problem of “mycotoxins in feed” was highly ranked as a concern by a significant number of respondents, but an almost equal number ranked it as a concern of lesser importance.
Also ranking near the bottom of the list of challenges was “capital
for expansion/replacement of production facilities.” While the business outlook is improving and a significant number of firms are expanding or replacing production facilities, availability of capital seems to be of lesser
importance among the majority of respondents. Responses indicated this is a significant concern for some respondents but not a serious concern for others.
The “availability, cost and quality of research to support decision
Exclusive survey
Now being tested
Unlikely to beproduced
Tested, but it’snot promising
Might considerit in the future
Producednow at
significantlevels
Produced nowat a low level
3%
11%
11%
17%26%
31%
Antibiotic-free production
Thirty-eight percent of respondents said coccidiosis vaccines are administered to their flocks.
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JULY 2010 | www.WATTAgNet.com
making” ranked lowest overall among the 10 challenges on the list. While a significant number ranked research among their top five challenges, this challenge also received the greatest number of rankings in the bottom half.
Salmonella reductionWith food safety ranked as a major
challenge, respondents were asked about the salmonella reduction measures being used in their production facilities and flocks (see “Salmonella reduction measures”).
The most commonly used salmonella reduction measure is rodent control, with 70% of respondents indicating usage. Litter management (58%) and requirements for salmonella-free breeders (48%) are also widely used. Treatment of drinking water at feed withdrawal is the fourth most prevalent practice, according to the survey.
Controlling gut microfloraLive production managers were
asked about technologies used to control gut microflora in their flocks (see “Gut microflora technologies”). The leading control practice in use is chlorinated water (70%), followed by acidified drinking water (58%), enzymes in feed (58%), growth-promoting antibiotics (48%) and coccidiosis vaccines (38%).
Antibiotic-free production Live production managers were
asked, “How does your company view antibiotic-free poultry production?” The responses show that antibiotic-free production is prevalent and will remain so.
Just over 57% said they produce antibiotic-free poultry. Another 17% said they “might consider antibiotic-free production in the future, and 3% said it is “currently under test and looks promising.”
Of the firms already producing antibiotic-free poultry, 31% indicated that it “will remain at low levels for now” and 26% said it “will likely be significant in the future.”
Around 23% of respondents said that antibiotic-free production either had been tested and rejected or would not be considered.
Upgrading and expansionThe managers were asked about
their priorities for investment in live production facilities. The highest priority is for investment in ventilation equipment. Other key priorities included investment in structural elements (walls, roofs, insulation, etc.), electronic controls and housing management systems and heating and brooding equipment. ◻
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An innovative laying house that meets the needs of layers was officially opened in the Netherlands in April. Known as the Rondeel, the unit incorporates the findings of research carried out by Wageningen University into a sustainable future for the layer industry, and was officially opened by a representative of the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture and the president of Albert Heijn, the biggest supermarket group in the Netherlands.
Wageningen’s research project, called Houden van Hennen, looked at how to ensure a sustainable future for the layer industry, and examined areas of conflict between corporate social responsibility, the needs of laying hens, and an optimum working environment for the poultry farmer.
Among questions asked by the researchers was “What does a hen want?,” and among the answers was that a hen needs an environment that provides it with the space and facilities to meet its behavioural needs.
The new development was built by its namesake Rondeel, part of the Venco group, which includes Vencomatic, Prinzen and Agro
supply, but Rondeel operates as an independent company with its own general manager Ruud Zanders.
In plan, Rondeel resembles a cartwheel, with five modules radiating from a central point and covering 270 degrees of the total area. The remaining 90 degrees allows access to the central core for deliveries and the transfer of farm-packed eggs.
Mark Clements
The outcome of
research started in
2006, Rondeel allows
expression of natural
behaviour, uses little
energy, and produces
premium eggs.
Birds are encouraged to wander away from their perches, above, for example through the sprinkling of grain on the ground.
Unique sustainable layer house opens in the Netherlands
The Rondeel house, top, has been designed to cater to the needs of the hen, the producer, and the consumer.
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Measuring 245 feet in diameter, the unit contains both day and night quarters. The night quarters have been designed to cater to the hens’ primary needs, such as eating, sleeping, resting and laying. They have been equipped with the latest technology, including laying nests, the perchery system, and feeding trays.
The day quarters have been designed to facilitate behaviours such as scratching and bathing. The day quarters are equipped with an insulated sidewall that can be fully rolled up to create a uniform climate in both the day and night quarters, allowing many more hens to scratch around and enjoy a dust bath than in traditional systems.
The Rondeel currently houses some 30,000 hens, and each hen benefi ts from a total of 1.6 square feet of space.
Around the house, hens also have access to what has been described as a “wooded fringe.” This has been extensively planted, including with fruit trees, and can be sealed off if necessary, for example should there be the threat of a disease outbreak. To encourage hens to venture out from their housing, grain is scattered outdoors.
Broader benefitsIntegration into the landscape was
a key concern for the municipality of Barneveld where the unit is located. The Rondeel is described as rising from the landscape like a hill and green embankments are to be built around it with additional planting.
While the Rondeel may have resulted in a favourable environment for its hens, the house has also been designed to bring additional benefi ts.
Manure at the site is rapidly dried and subsequently redried, and its ammonia content is likely to be some 50% lower than in alternative systems. The manure at the Rondeel has a dry matter percentage of approximately 85%, meaning that it can be processed and does not have to be treated as waste. This has a signifi cant impact on transport costs, as there is less water to transport. The fact that the manure is redried in air reduces particulate matter by 50%. The Rondeel is naturally ventilated, there is no forced airfl ow.
However, this is not the only advantage of a system that is naturally ventilated in its entirety. Rondeel uses less energy than alternative systems. The possibility of installing solar panels is also under consideration and the entire complex could become energy neutral.
Eggs can be sorted and packed on-site, meaning that unnecessary transport is eliminated. Sustainable egg packing has been developed in conjunction with fi bre company Enkev. Egg boxes are made from natural coconut fi bre and natural rubber. The boxes are fully biodegradable and contain seven eggs.
Added valueThe Wageningen research noted
that, when choosing which products to buy, consumers are prompted by emotions and values, not simply by price. By responding to these values, eggs from systems such as Rondeel can command higher prices.
Later this year, eggs from Rondeel will carry the Beter Leven mark, which will be awarded by the Dutch animal welfare organisation Dierenbescherming. Since June, some 500 cases of eggs each week are being supplied to the Dutch supermarket chain Albert Hein and are being sold under the AH Puur & Eerlijk (Pure and Honest) label at Euro 1.89 ($2.33) for a box of seven.
Consumers wanting to see how the Rondeel hens are kept are encouraged to visit the complex, where a visitors’ tunnel has been set up.
The Barneveld municipality has already granted permission for a second Rondeel house, and further installations are thought to be planned. Initial conversations have taken place with producers in Germany and the UK. ◻
In the perchery system, the hens can find feed, water, laying nests and perches to pass the night.
Will conventional cages be consigned to history?www.WATTAgNet.com/4173.html
For more on developments in egg production, read:
Eggs can be sorted and packed
www.WATTAgNet.com/4173.htmlwww.WATTAgNet.com/4173.html
Will conventional cages Will conventional cages Will conventional cages
developments in egg production, read:
015-1007PIrondeel_C2201R10913.BK.indd 15 6/14/2010 4:57:28 PM
www.WATTAgNet.com | JULY 2010
16
Challenges and the egg industry – IEC Paris 2010
Egg industry leaders from around the globe met in Paris in April for the International Egg Commission (IEC) conference. Over 320 people attended the three day conference, discussing the latest issues and legislation affecting the industry.
The theme of the conference, the IEC’s first of 2010, was The Next Decade, and one of the resounding messages, which many of the speakers referred to, was the rising global population, and the role that the egg industry can play in helping to meet the world food challenge.
World food challengeDelegates learnt that fi gures
produced by the Food and Agriculture Organisation, show that the global population will increase by 2.5 billion people to 9.1 billion by 2050. The Food and Agriculture Organisation already estimates that 1 billion people worldwide are underfed and undernourished; therefore the dilemma facing food producers is: How can the world produce suffi cient food to feed an additional 2.5 billion people, as well as the billion people who are already not getting enough to eat?
Tom Hebert, a government aff airs specialist who works closely with the US Department of Agriculture, told delegates that the solution to the world food challenge was eggs. He urged the industry to make its voice heard at a ministerial level, showing
the nutritional value of eggs, their aff ordability and their low carbon footprint.
Carbon footprintThe carbon footprint of the egg
industry was another key topic at the event. Dr Imke de Boer, an associate professor at Wageningen University in the Netherlands, shared the fi ndings of a recent study into the egg industry’s carbon footprint.
Dr de Boer showed that of the four main egg production systems; cage, barn, free-range and organic, the cage system has the lowest carbon footprint. When calculating carbon footprint, Dr de Boer’s study factored in the entire life-cycle of egg production, taking into consideration the feed process, the rearing of pullets, transportation requirements,
Mark Clements
The latest International
Egg Commission
conference looked at
how the industry can
help to tackle issues
that will be increasingly
pressing over the next
decade.
IEC conference offers strategies for the futurewww.WATTAgNet.com/13121.html
To read about the previous IEC conference, go to:
IEC conference offers strategies IEC conference offers strategies IEC conference offers strategies
To read about the previous IEC conference, go to:
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s/D
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Dr Imke de Boer detailed studies conducted by Wageningen University showing that of the various egg producing systems, caged birds had the lowest carbon footprint.
Dr Bernard Vallat, director general of the OIE, explained that, by 2030, global demand for animal protein will have increased by 50%.
016-1007PIiecparis_C2201R10912.BK.indd 16 6/14/2010 4:42:51 PM
JULY 2010 | www.WATTAgNet.com
17
as well as the actual egg farm production methods. Egg production has a lower carbon footprint than beef and pork production and, within the egg industry, barn and free-range systems have the highest carbon footprint, and cage production the lowest.
Nutritious and high quality protein
During the conference, delegates also learned more about the exceptional health benefi ts of eggs from Dr Don McNamara.
He explained that eggs are highly nutritious, and an excellent source of high quality protein, containing the essential vitamins and minerals required for a healthy diet.
Dr McNamara discussed recent research studies which show that eating eggs helps people to lose weight, by making them feel fuller for longer, and that eggs can also reduce the risk of breast cancer, age related eye disease and muscle loss.
As well as being a highly nutritious food, packed with health benefi ts, eggs are one of the most aff ordable sources of protein.
Dr Bernard Vallat, director general of the World Organisation for Animal
Health (OIE), told delegates that by 2030, due to the rise in the global population, and the increasing wealth of those in developing countries, there will be a 50% increase in the global demand for animal protein products, such as eggs.
The next IEC conference will be held in September in Prague. ◻
Imke de Boer, assistant professor, Animal Systems Group, Wageningen University, looked at carbon footprints.
A carbon footprint quantifies the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) along the entire life-cycle of a product. The main GHGs related to animal production are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O).
Looking at egg farms in the Netherlands last year, the study examined at CO2 equivalent per kg of egg in various production systems. The study included the entire life-cycle of production, including the feed process, pullet rearing and transportation.
Caged systems, produced the least CO2, followed by organic, barn and free range. However within each system various production factors made varying contributions, with feed production, being the largest overall contributor.
When looking at relative contribution of GHGs, more CO2 than N2O and CH4 combined was produced by caged systems, while in organic production, the combined production of N2O and CH4 outstripped that of CO2.
Despite the various benefits and drawback of each production method, all have lower carbon footprints than either beef or pork production.
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www.WATTAgNet.com | JULY 2010
Australia’s poultry farmers to benefit from net energy feed system
A net energy system that could lead to a smaller environmental footprint and commercial advantage for Australia’s chicken meat producers is the focus of a nationwide collaboration funded by the Armidale-based Poultry Cooperative Research Centre (Poultry CRC).
The net energy system essentially advocates a new way of approaching poultry diets and feed formulation, allowing nutritionists to account for losses of chemical energy in the solid, liquid and gaseous excreta, or as heat. A net energy database will help nutritionists formulate diets for animals, overcoming the inherent reliance on digestible energy, or apparent metabolisable energy (AME) value.
In Australia, feed conversion ratio (FCR) is, perhaps, the most important driver for the poultry industry. This is because the industry there competes with the food industry for grains as,
in many parts of the world, there is no dedicated feed grain sector. Purely from the nutrition point of view, within an acceptable range of feed intakes, feed efficiency is maximised when the ratios between energy and nutrients, such as amino acids, are appropriate. When dietary energy values are not additive, i.e. affected by the presence of antinutrients, these ratios vary accordingly. The current default system for determining dietary energy values is the AME bioassay.
Overcoming problems“In practical feed formulation for
poultry, AME values obtained for individual ingredients are assumed to be additive, but in reality they are not, explained Poultry CRC CEO and nutritionist Professor Mingan Choct.
“This is because antinutrients from one ingredient will affect the available energy of another in the
complex ecosystem of the gut. The net energy system overcomes this problem to a large extent, as it gives dietary energy values that ultimately remain available to the animal for maintenance, growth and reproduction. A net energy system for pigs has already been used quite successfully.”
The net energy system has the potential to overcome this problem, but its implementation has been hampered by the highly tedious and very expensive way net energy is determined using calorimetry. Today, as food security has become one of the most important issues in the world, it is also clear that food must be produced efficiently, with as small an environmental footprint as possible, argues Professor Choct. Furthermore, ethical issues surrounding food production are attracting more attention and, consequently, closer attention
Mark Clements
Australia’s Poultry CRC is developing a net energy
system to boost the competitiveness and reduce
the carbon footprint of the country’s producers.
18
Professor Mingan Choct says that any increase in feed efficiency means less use of resources per kilo of poultry product, which translates into less water use and lower output of greenhouse gases.
018-1007PIenergy_C2201R10911.BK.indd 18 6/14/2010 4:59:55 PM
19
JULY 2010 | www.WATTAgNet.com
is required for the integrity and traceability of the product in regards to production systems and animal welfare.
Net energy systems for feed formulation have been talked about over the last five decades or more, but there is now a tremendous momentum to revisit the net energy system in order to achieve commercial advantage for the poultry industry in feed formulation. A mere 10 grams of feed saved per kilo of live growth in chickens means over AUS$4 million to the Australian chicken meat industry. If similar savings were achieved globally, it could be as much as AUS$400 million per annum.
The economic, social and environmental benefits of a net energy system are manifold, including improved FCR due to a more predictable ratio between dietary energy and key nutrients, the CRC believes.
However, there have been studies questioning whether a net energy system will yield any positive results for the industry as well as numerous challenges requiring meticulous
basic work in order to establish a meaningful net energy system that has sufficient accuracy and takes into account all the possible variables in determining the net energy value of feed.
Values differ widely between feed ingredients for poultry, such as maize and barley, even though nutritionists are formulating the diet to identical AME values. More importantly, there is a significant difference in the nutritive value between varieties of the same ingredient, such as wheat, which is difficult to consider when formulating poultry diets without a rapid feed test system.
Stronger position“Despite environmental conditions
for chicken meat production being
well-controlled, the challenge ahead is tremendous as it will be nearly impossible to measure the net energy value of all feed ingredients in different classes of chickens,” said Professor Choct.
“However, through the Poultry CRC, an Australia-wide collaborative effort is underway to set up a state-of-the-art net energy testing facility. This, together with collaboration from experts around the world, will see a multipronged approach, including modelling and actual net energy measurements to establish a net energy database during the next three years.
“No one can predict how it will go, but if we do not try it, we will never know,” Professor Choct added.
“Poultry’s contribution to food security is indispensable, and any increase in feed efficiency means reduced use of resources per kilo of poultry product, which translates into less use of water and lower output of greenhouse gases,” said Professor Choct. ◻
A review carried out by researchers at the French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA) and presented at the Australian Poultry Science Symposium earlier this year indicated that net energy (NE) was a better indicator than digestible energy (DE) or metabolisable energy (ME) of the “true” energy value of poultry and pig feed.
Information available for pigs indicates an obvious interest in formulating on an NE basis and NE systems should be implemented for achieving a reliable prediction of animal performance.
In the case of poultry, the conclusions are less clear and convincing with no marked
advantage for an NE system over an ME system in predicting broiler performance, and further investigations should be carried out to evaluate the potential interest of an NE system, the researchers argued. Probably most attention should be focused on the impact of fat level with possible consequences on the relative energy value of fat-rich ingredients and subsequent results in least-cost formulations.
Even though NE is the final objective of energy evaluation of feeds, most attention should be paid to the accurate estimation of DE or ME values, which are the most important factors of variation of the energy value of poultry or pig feeds.
The role of net energy
The University of New England, NSW, is among partners looking to increase the competitive position and reduce the environmental impact of Australia's poultry industry.
'No one can predict
how it will go, but if
we do not try it, we
will never know.'
019-1007PIenergy_C2201R10911.BK.indd 19 6/14/2010 4:59:09 PM
www.WATTAgNet.com | JULY 2010
20
A eubiotic approach to necrotic enteritis in broilers
Since January 2006, the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in feed for food producing animals has been banned in the EU. This has compromised not only animal performance, but it has also made ensuring food safety more diffi cult.
Salmonellas have been recognised as important pathogens and Salmonella enteritidis (primarily in birds) and Salmonella typhimurium (primarily in pigs) have accounted for the majority of cases of human salmonellosis.
Furthermore, the ban on AGPs has also led to various digestive disorders and the occurrence of intestinal bacterial dysbiosis, an unbalanced bacterial fl ora in the intestinal tract. This may be further exacerbated by heavily contaminated feeds, stress, medicines, poorly digestible feed ingredients and unbalanced diets, and may result in functional disturbances, such as constipation or diarrhoea, vitamin defi ciencies (vit.B12, vit.K) or chronic infl ammatory diseases.
The concept of a eubiotic approach is to overcome these digestive disorders by ensuring a healthy gastro-intestinal microfl ora, rather then killing the entire intestinal microfl ora with antibiotics.
Necrotic enteritisUse of AGPs in feed minimised
disease outbreaks. Since the ban, enteric diseases, such as necrotic enteritis due to Clostridium perfringens, have increased.
C perfringens is a normal member of the microbial community in the gastro-intestinal tract of animals and humans, particularly in the hind-gut. It is suggested that colonisation by C perfringens is an early event in the life of birds, starting at the hatchery. Conditions that promote excessive growth of C perfringens in the upper intestine are the typical digestive disorders caused by stress, excessive use of antibiotics, and a sub-acute status of coccidiosis.
In particular, Eimeria species that colonise the small intestine are known to predispose to necrotic enteritis. The use of high protein diets or diets high in non-starch polysaccharides derived from small grains, also strongly infl uence incidence in broilers.
The disease occurs mostly in broiler chicks starting at the age of two weeks, and the acute form leads to increased mortality in broiler fl ocks. In the sub clinical form,
damage to the intestinal mucosa caused by C perfringens leads to decreased digestion and absorption, reduced weight gain and an increased feed conversion ratio.
Sub clinical necrotic enteritis is also reported in countries where AGPs are still in use. From our own experience (broiler trial, Australia, 2009), we noticed that virginiamycin at 40 ppm in the starter period gave a numerical advantage. However, there was no (further) eff ect on animal performance using virginiamycin at 20 ppm after the second week of production when C perfringens usually starts colonising the small intestines (see Table).
Use of organic acids The use of organic acids and salts
is a long standing concept. Their antimicrobial action is mostly due to the pH changes of the environment in which the micro-organism occurs.
All micro-organisms need optimum conditions for their growth, including an optimum pH level. Bacteria are known to prefer a pH near to neutral values (pH 6.5-7.5), yeast prefer lower pH values and moulds have the widest range of
André Meeusen and Djamila Hagemans
Creating a healthy
intestinal flora may be a
route to controlling one
of the most threatening
emerging diseases in
the poultry industry.
For a more in-depth version of this text, go to: www.WATTAgNet.com/15614.html
Necrotic enteritis: Emerging problems in broilers www.WATTAgNet.com/15234.html
To � nd out more:For a more in-depth version of this text,
www.WATTAgNet.com/15614.html
For a more in-depth version of this text, www.WATTAgNet.com/15614.htmlwww.WATTAgNet.com/15614.html
Necrotic enteritis: Emerging problems
www.WATTAgNet.com/15614.htmlwww.WATTAgNet.com/15614.html
To � nd out more:
020-1007PInecrotic_C2201R10910.BK.indd 20 6/14/2010 5:00:45 PM
The better you can releasephosphorus from feed, thelower your feed cost will be.RONOZYME® NP -The better phytase:
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021-1007PInecrotic_C2201R10910.BK.indd 21 6/14/2010 4:57:57 PM
22
www.WATTAgNet.com | JULY 2010
acceptable pH. Various experiments have revealed the effi cacy of organic acids, to successfully replace AGPs without a signifi cant performance reduction. Formic-, propionic-, lactic-, acetic-, fumaric- and citric acids emerge as prospective growth promoters, but more consistent and cost-eff ective performance can be obtained through acid combinations.
The use of organic acids to acidify swine diets is a common practice. However, the use of organic acids and their salts in the poultry industry is still at an early stage.
Organic acids can demonstrate eubiotic eff ects in various ways. Dissociated organic acids release protons that result in a lowering of the pH. Most pathogenic micro-organism (salmonella, E coli) stop growing at a pH lower than 4.5, except for lactic acid producing bacteria (Lactobacilli,
Streptococci, Bifi do). The organic acid anions, when dissociated, are charged and not lipid permeable. However, some have a destructive eff ect on the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. This membrane is an eff ective barrier against various antimicrobials.
Molecules that can disrupt the integrity of this membrane are termed permeabilisers. Typically, sorbic-, lactic-
and citric acids are strong chelators and interfere with these metals from the cell membrane and increase the permeability of the LPS-layer of these gram-negative bacteria, allowing a better diff usion of the other organic acids or even provoking leakages. It is recommended to use those permeabilisers along with organic acids as this will increase their eff ectiveness. Typically, this is the combined use
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Performances of broiler chicks with and without AGP (Virginiamycin 40 ppm in starter and 20 ppm in grower/finisher).
ADWG (g/d) FCR g/g
Starter Grower/finisher Starter Grower/finisher
Without AGP 25.10 85.70 1.230 1.866
With AGP 26.10 84.80 1.187 1.905ADWG: Average Daily Weight Gain (g/d). FCR: Feed Conversion Ratio (g/g).
It can be suggested that during the period when C perfringens becomes invasive, low-dose virginiamycin is no longer effective.
022-1007PInecrotic_C2201R10910.BK.indd 22 6/15/2010 11:10:41 AM
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JULY 2010 | www.WATTAgNet.com
of organic acids with lactic acid. In addition to its antimicrobial property due to the lowering of the pH, lactic acid also functions as a permeabiliser of the gram-negative bacterial outer membrane and may potentiate the effects of other organic acids.
Undissociated organic acids have a lipophilic character and have the ability to pass through the cell membrane of gram-negative bacteria and enter the microbial cell. There they will dissociate and lower the pH of the plasma. The cell must eliminate the H+ across the cell membrane to restore the pH gradient (proton motif force). This requires large amounts of energy and will lead to the death of the cell.
At a low pH, more of the organic acid will be undissociated. Consequently, antimicrobial activity of organic acids is indisputable in the gastric, but uncertain in the intestinal environment.
SCFA enriched in lauric acidThe antibacterial activity of Short
Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) in an acidic environment against gram-negative pathogens has been long known. The most prominent natural fats rich in Medium Chain Fatty Acids (MCFAs) are coconut oil and palm kernel oil with less than 10% C8 (caprylic acid) and C10 (capric acid), but high proportions of C12 (lauric acid) and C14 (myristic acid). The pKa’s of MCFAs are close to 5 and are therefore more suitable to be active in the intestines than SCFAs. Previous studies have shown that lauric acid (C12) is the most inhibitory saturated MCFA against gram-positive organisms and has the highest antimicrobial activity against C perfringens, followed by myristic and capric acid.
MCFAs' mode of action is not fully understood. In undissociated form they may diffuse into bacteria and dissociate within the protoplasm, leading to intracellular acidification.
Another possible mode of action may be a physical or functional alteration of the gastrointestinal colonisation site of pathogens in chicks. But MCFAs may also alter the outer membranes of bacteria. They may prevent colonisation, or have a direct inhibitory effect on the expression of virulence factors needed for colonisation. MCFAs have been shown to reduce salmonella invasion in intestinal epithelial cells.
One would expect an added effect on combining SCFAs and their salts with MCFAs. This was seen in independent trials, where the combination resulted in significant performance improvements. ◻
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023-1007PInecrotic_C2201R10910.BK.indd 23 6/15/2010 11:11:06 AM
An industry confident about the quality of its products, its pricing and with a strong belief that it will continue to expand over the next half decade is the picture that emerged from a survey conducted by Poultry International, WATT PoultryUSA, and Industria Avicola in conjunction with Pfizer Poultry Health.
Respondents were drawn from
attendees at this year’s International Poultry Expo, and visitors to the WATT and Pfizer websites. The survey collected responses from a range of industry players, including hatchery managers, veterinarians, production managers and farm owners.
The responses came primarily from North America (75.9%), followed by South America (8.6) and Asia (8.6), with the remainder from Africa (3.4%) and Europe (1.7%).
71.7% of respondents replied that the poultry industry is a sector that supplies good quality product at reasonable prices when asked which of five statements best described the industry at present. This was by far and away the most popular response. However, 15% of those questioned felt that the sector was struggling to deal with high input costs, 10% felt that producers were struggling to meet quality standards,
but keeping prices down, while 3.3% felt that producers were struggling to survive because of low prices.
“The survey results depict an industry that is maintaining high-quality end-products under considerable — and varied — pressure,” says Dr Kirk Adams, group director of global marketing, new business and strategic planning for Pfizer Poultry Health.
When asked which one aspect of poultry production would producers like to see improve, the overwhelming responses were production efficiency (51.1%) and quality of end-product (31.7%).
Hiding the light?Producers’ views on consumer
perceptions of the industry were, perhaps, disappointing, with 15% of those questioned believing that consumers viewed the sector
www.WATTAgNet.com | JULY 2010
24
Poultry producer survey reveals positive outlook
What do you think thefuture holds for thepoultry industry?
47%
29%
24%
Increasing expansion andintegrationIncreasingly difficult marketconditionsMaintenance of the currentsituation
Which one aspect of thepoultry production wouldyou like to see improve?
32%
52%
8% 8%
Quality of the end productProduction efficiencyVolume of productionLevel of automation
How do you think mostconsumers perceive thepoultry industry overall?
15%
32%53%
Negatively
In a positive light
They have no idea or don’tcare about the industry
32%
Mark Clements
Producers feel
positively about the
next five years, but
environmental and
legislative issues cause
concern.
Production efficiency is by far and away the area where producers would like to see improvements.
Most producers felt that consumers cared little about, or knew little of, the industry.
The outlook for the sector would seem to be positive with a high percentage of respondents predicting expansion and integration.
024-1007PIpsurvey_C2201R10909.BK.indd 24 6/14/2010 5:42:41 PM
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JULY 2010 | www.WATTAgNet.com
negatively. 53.3% of respondents felt that consumers had no idea or did not care about the industry, while only 31.7% felt that consumers viewed the sector in a positive light.
Dr Adams commented: “While there is a degree of knowledge, a number of consumers are unaware of the process that leads to the chicken or eggs ending up on supermarket shelves. I think that, as an industry, we have a responsibility to educate the public about poultry production.”
ChallengesAnimal welfare was seen as the
main challenge facing the industry, attracting 43.3% of responses, while market prices came in second at 21.7%. Disease control was seen as the main challenge by 16.7% of respondents, while 10% saw the challenge as legislation. Only 1% of respondents felt that environmental concerns were the primary challenge.
However, looking to the future, the survey results paint a diff erent picture. Almost 22% of respondents felt that environmental issues would be the main challenge.
The survey also reveals that producers expect legislation to
become more challenging, with the percentage citing this rising from 10% to 11.7%. The percentage of respondents pointing to market prices more than halved, indicating an expected upturn in the market, while those pointing to animal welfare issues declined slightly to 40%.
When asked for their views on which disease would be the most important in fi ve years time, almost 45% believed that it would be avian infl uenza. Some 20% chose “other,” while the split between infectious bursal disease (IBD) and Marek’s disease was equal at 13.8%. An
overwhelming 96.6% of respondents felt that prevention was the best way to control disease.
Survey respondents were optimistic about the prospects for the industry. When asked, “How do you feel about the future of the industry?” 60.3% were optimistic, almost a third were neutral, and only 6.9% described themselves as pessimistic. 46.6% felt that the industry would undergo increasing expansion and integration, 29.3% foresaw increasingly diffi cult market conditions, while a little less than a quarter felt the situation would stay the same. ◻
Which issue do you thinkwill be most important in5 years time?
39%
10%12%10%
7%22%
Animal welfareMarket pricesLegislationDisease controlMarket demandEnvironmental concerns
1100%% 12%% 10%1 How long have you worked in the poultry industry?
16%7%
23%
54%Less than 5 years5-10 years11-20 years21+ years
23%
What best describes your position?11% 4%
27%16%5%
37% Farm ownerHatchery managerProduction managerVeterinarianComplex managerOther
55%% 16%27%
The importance of animal welfare is predicted to grow over the next half decade. Over three-quarters of respondents had worked in the industry for over 10 years.
Upbeat poultry industry, ready to investwww.WATTAgNet.com/14669.html
For more survey results:Upbeat poultry industry, ready to investwww.WATTAgNet.com/14669.htmlUpbeat poultry industry, ready to investwww.WATTAgNet.com/14669.htmlwww.WATTAgNet.com/14669.htmlwww.WATTAgNet.com/14669.htmlwww.WATTAgNet.com/14669.html
For more survey results:
Production managers and veterinarians made up a large percentage of those participating in the survey.
025-1007PIpsurvey_C2201R10909.BK.indd 25 6/14/2010 5:42:57 PM
26
12 tips for broiler cold store management
In today’s broiler industry, a constant eye needs to be kept on the variables that can aff ect quality, safety and profi t. This is important at each of the various stages that make up the production, processing and storage cycles prior to sending product to clients to ensure that anything that may have negative impact is kept properly under control.
Cold storage is an important part of the chain and there are numerous factors that need to be watched.
1.The temperature at which birds enter the cold room is
critical, and should not exceed 4C. Deviation from this can have the following repercussions:
Slower refrigeration and/or freezing, due to the need to remove greater quantities of heat from the product;
Making extraction equipment work harder to remove the additional heat will result in higher operational costs;
The time to reach the desired temperature will increase, and this can result in bottlenecks in the production process that could lead to the temporary suspension of a plant’s operation. An example of these diffi culties is that if a product does not reach the required temperature in time, the room cannot be emptied. If
the room cannot be emptied in time, products further back the process must wait, so risking a rise in their temperature and a loss of weight.
Crates will not be ready for transportation, disinfection and delivery to the packing area.
2.Packaging must completely adhere to the product to
prevent the formation of air pockets. These can result in condensation, resulting in a “snow,” that can give a product an appearance of being old. The dimensions of any packaging
Eduardo Cervantes Lopez
The value of cold rooms
to today’s industry
is indisputable but
they must be properly
managed.
Addressing mistakes in processing plantswww.WATTAgNet.com/4136.html
To read more from Eduardo Cervantes Lopez, go to:
Addressing mistakes in processing plantsAddressing mistakes in processing plantsAddressing mistakes in processing plantsAddressing mistakes in processing plantswww.WATTAgNet.com/4136.htmlwww.WATTAgNet.com/4136.html
Addressing mistakes in processing plantswww.WATTAgNet.com/4136.html
To read more from Eduardo Cervantes Lopez, go to:
✷ Bird temperature should not exceed 4C when they enter the cold room.
✷ Packaging must completely adhere to the product.
✷ Crates must be properly cleaned and disinfected.
✷ Crates should not be over-filled.
✷ Stack crates on plastic pallets with a minimum height of 10 cm.
✷ Arrange crates with a 10 cm gap around the edge.
✷ Avoid exposing loose product directly to the cold.
✷ Product should not be stored below the evaporator.
✷ PVC strip curtains should be hung with sufficient overlap.
✷ Keep temperature of the cold room as constant as possible.
✷ Doors must be quick and easy to operate.
✷ When the cold room doors are closed, the lights should be off.
Eff ective cold storage at a glance
Keep temperature of the cold room as constant as possible.
Doors must be quick and easy to operate.
When the cold room doors are closed, the lights should be off.
www.WATTAgNet.com | JULY 2010
Strip curtains should be hung with a sufficient overlap to block the passage of air.
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www.WATTAgNet.com | JULY 2010
should fully take into account the final state of a product, so that the packaged product in its final state is preserved as a single compact unit.
3. The packaged chicken should be placed in a crate that
has been properly cleaned and disinfected to prevent possible cross-contamination problems. Crates should not be over-filled as any contact point between birds will not freeze properly and result in quality problems.
4. Crates should not be so highly filled that air cannot pass easily
between them. Additionally, over-filled crates will result in birds being damaged when one crate is stacked upon another.
5. Columns of stacked crates should, ideally, be kept on plastic
pallets within the cold room and these pallets should have a minimum height of 10 cm to allow the free flow of air that is pushed by the fan of the evaporators to the lower part of the crates closest to the floor.
6. The arrangement of the stacks within the cold room
is particularly important. They must be arranged so as to leave a gap of some 10 cm around the edge, aligned with the air flows from the
evaporators. This will allow the air to move freely, facilitating the removal of heat from the birds and achieve a rapid cooling within a set time.
7. When storing loose product, exposing it directly to the
cold should be avoided as this can result in surface drying problems, commonly known as “freezer burn.” Because of this dehydration, not only is quality greatly affected but also profit. It should be remembered that 70% of muscular tissue is water.
8. Refrigeration or freezing is a continuous cycle of heat
removal. Cold air heats up as it crosses the product. The area below the evaporator, however becomes the warmest part of the room as it is where the warm air accumulates. Because of this, no product whatsoever should be stored here, especially giblets, as due to their high fat content, quickly oxidise and deteriorate.
9. Curtains made from PVC strips should be hung with sufficient
overlap to prevent the entrance of air from the outside. In some establishments, double curtains with a 50% overlap have been installed. In addition, there are also curtains that work automatically when the cold room doors are opened.
Curtaining is important as warm air entering from the outside can form a mist. This can freeze on the fan blades of the evaporators and the evaporative panel and reduces efficiency.
10. The temperature in the cold room should be kept as
constant as possible. Changes can result not only in deterioration of quality, but also profits if there is a resumption of bacterial activity.
11. Doors, whether manual or automatic, must be quick
and easy to operate. They should be completely airtight to prevent warmer air from the outside entering and causing problems. Ensuring that the room is tightly sealed can help to prevent any crystallisation occurring under the product’s packaging.
12. Whenever the cold room doors are closed lights
should be switched off. There are a number of benefits to this, including: saving energy, extending the life of bulbs, and the elimination of a source of heat. ◻
❯ Eduardo Cervantes Lopez is a consultant based in Colombia. He can be contacted at: [email protected] or www.icproave.com.
Crates should not be filled to such an extent that the passage of air is blocked.
The area below the evaporators is the warmest area of the cold room and, for this reason, no product should be stored there.
12 tips
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Products
SKA slatsSKA offers slats. The slates are available in two formats, Aries and Orion, and are made of pure polypropylene.
www.ska.it
Lohmann Animal Health AviPro IBD Xtreme vaccineLohmann Animal Health AviPro IBD Xtreme vaccine protects against infectious bursal disease in poultry. The vaccine is now available in 10,000 dose vials in the UK, saving storage
space and making vaccinations quicker and easier, the company said. The vaccine also comes in 2,500 and 5,000-dose vials.
www.lahinternational.com
Monoflo International Inc. Rackable/Stackable and Nesting palletsMonoflo International Inc. offers a line of high pressure, straight injection molded Rackable/Stackable and Nesting Pallets, and Craemer’s Heavy-Duty Rackable RP4840 pallet in North America. The latter is offered through a partnership with German rackable pallet maker Paul Craemer GmbH, and is designed for food processing/packaging and pharmaceutical industries.
www.miworldwide.com/pallets.html
Van Gent International automatic laying nestsVan Gent International offers automatic laying nests. This product is designed for layers and breeders. The nests are made of film faced plywood and are 2400 mm long, ranging in width from 1430 to 1530 mm.
www.vangentinternational.com
To search a full list of products, go to www.WATTAgNet.com.
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United States Brazil China India Russia Eastern Europe 1 SE Europe 2 EU 18 3 International
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Bedson Bedgen 40 AS Bedson off ers Bedgen 40 AS. This concentrate is a proprietary hepatomodulator, hepatoprotector and natural growth promoter, made of cynara extract and choline chloride. The product is a premix-feed additive, available in 5or 20 kg packages.
www.bedson.com.ar
Danisco Animal Nutrition Enviva EODanisco Animal Nutrition off ers Enviva EO, a product based on
a blend of essential oil compounds. The product off ers a safe alternative to antibiotic growth promoters for pig and poultry production, according to the company. European trials have shown Enviva EO helps maintain a healthy gut micro-fl ora in the broilers.
www.danisco.com/animalnutrition
Hyde Industrial Blade Solutions Wavy Scallop Edge Blades Hyde Industrial Blade Solutions off ers Wavy Scallop Edge Blades for industrial, food processing and converting cutting applications. The blades cut tough materials and have a longer blade life for individual or longer production jobs, according to the company. Made with sharpened recessed curves along the edge, the blades feature sharp “points” at the leading edge of the cut to off er more linear cutting surface. They
can be used in numerous industrial applications in food processing for poultry and other meats and converting packaging materials into fi nished products.
www.hydeblades.com
Thermoweed poultry burnerThe Thermoweed poultry burner is eff ective in protecting poultry sheds from disease-causing organisms. The burner measures about two meters wide and is operated by two, three, or four 47 kg Calor LPG cylinders.
www.thermoweed.co.uk
Termotecnica Pericoli EOS 53 fanTermotecnica Pericoli off ers the EOS 53 fan as part of the EOS line. The EOS 53 is an upgraded model from the EOS 50, with an increased diameter - from 50 inches to 53 inches - in the same standard body and housing. The fan has a three- or six-blade option.
www.pericoli.com
Valli Broiler Best colony systemA Valli Broiler Best colony system is available in three diff erent models: two, three or four tiers. Each model measures 1500 mm wide, with a height of 1760 mm for the two-tier model, 2510 mm for the three-tier model and 3260 mm for the four-tier model. The colony system features a removable plastic fl oor,
Products
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JULY 2010 | www.WATTAgNet.com
wire mesh partitions, and automatic pan feeding, drinking and broiler collection systems.
www.valli-italy.com
Dosatron International Li’l Bud-D DosaCartDosatron International offers the Li’l Bud-D DosaCart. This product is designed for portable chemical injection with a 5 gallon bucket and lid. It measures 44.5 inches high, 19 inches wide and 22 inches deep.
www.dosatronusa.com
Sealpac International ShrinkStyle packagingSealpac International ShrinkStyle packaging for the meat industry is an automated system in which a thermoformer forms a pack out of the bottom film and is then filled with the product, vacumised and sealed. The system can be used for fresh poultry.
+31.341.46.20.30
Specht Ten Elsen Poultry Management SystemSpecht Ten Elsen Poultry Management System is available for layer and broiler rearing. The system is designed to optimize poultry house supervision, and results in the poultry
house or farm can be continuously controlled by the capture and evaluation of the management data. The system is connected to the internet, and data stored on the Specht – AgriControl site.
www.specht-tenelsen.de
LUNG & WASTE EVACUATOR
Jarvis Products Corporation33 Anderson Road, Middletown, CT 06457-4926Tel: (860) 347-7271Fax: (860) 347-9905E-mail: [email protected]:// www.jarvisproducts.com
Ultra light - less than 2 lbs, and can be balancer hung, if desired.
Full vacuum immediately available for the next bird - no time lag.
Easy cleaning - use vacuum to suck fluid through the tool. Spray externally during
normal cleanup.
No trigger, eliminates operator fatigue.
No maintenance, no moving parts and no valves to plug or foul. No downtime or costly repairs.
60 - 80 psi - Air15 inches H.g. - VacuumAir and vacuum operated
Model LKE-1
See this tool on our website
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Hefestus Shelf Life Booster advanced packaging systemThe Hefestus Shelf Life Booster advanced packaging system uses modifi ed atmosphere packaging (MAP) technology to extend product shelf-life while maintaining the appearance, texture and freshness of the product. It improves production speeds, results in fewer returns or
discards, and reduces impact on the environment, leading to increased profi tability and more satisfi ed consumers.
www.hefestus-slb.com
AB Vista Finase EC bacterial phytaseAB Vista off ers Finase EC, a bacterial phytase, for poultry and pig producers. Finase EC is designed to improve the availability of phosphate and other phytate-bound nutrients for pigs and poultry, and reduce the ecological impact from phosphate excretion. Results have also shown improvements in live weight gain and feed conversion ratio, which are attributed to the increased nutrients released by the phytase, according to the company. The product has been approved in several countries and regions, including Brazil, Malaysia and the EU.
www.abvista.com
Vostermans Ventilation control panel modulesVostermans Ventilation offers control panel modules in the following models: Frelink-4f (single phase frequency control), Trilink-2t (triac controller), Relink-2s and Relink-2c (electronic step controller), and STW and STD (step transformers). According to Vostermans Ventilation, the modules are designed according to the “plug and play” principle for easy and fast integration without additional parts. The controls can be used in new and existing systems.
www.vostermans.com
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Marketplace
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Altuntas Have Ve Hayv San Tic ................................................................................22Balchem Corp ...............................................................................................................32Big Dutchman Intl GmbH .........................................................................................27Biomin GmbH ..............................................................................................................13CentreFocus llc ..................................................................................................... 34, 36Chickmate Inc ..............................................................................................................33CID Lines NV/SA ........................................................................................................22Delacon Biotechnik GmbH ........................................................................................23Dow Microbial Control ................................................................................................7DSM Nutritional Prod Europe ..................................................................................21Duram Rubber Co .......................................................................................................29Evonik Degussa GmbH Feedadditives ......................................................................5Giordano Poultry-Plast SpA .....................................................................................C2Hotraco Agri BV ..........................................................................................................17Jarvis Prods Corp ........................................................................................................33Oil-Dri Corp of America ..............................................................................................3P� zer Poultry Health ....................................................................................................9SALMET Intl GmbH ...................................................................................................30Shanghai Zhengchang Intl Machinery & Engineering Co Ltd. .........................C4Specht Ten Elsen GmbH ............................................................................................C3Tavsan Tavukculuk Ekipan San ve Tic AS ..............................................................12TPI Polytechniek BV .....................................................................................................6VEIT Electronics .........................................................................................................17Zagro Singapore Pte Ltd ...............................................................................................8
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