population size per person consumption / impact stewardship
TRANSCRIPT
Population size
Per person consumption / impact
Stewardship
During this class period the world population will grow by about ~10,000 people!
What happened in the 1800-1900?
Pasteur discovers “germs” cause disease
SanitationHygiene
Medical technologyVaccinationsAntibioticsImproved nutrition
Lower mortality, especially infants and children
Population EquilibriumBirths Deaths
IF, population not changing:
Births = Deaths
IF, deaths go down, and births don’t change, population will………..
Industrialized countries: US, Canada, Japan, western Europe, Austrialia, Scandinavia, Singapore, Taiwan, few Arab nations
Middle income, moderately developed countries: Latin America, northern & southern Africa, Eastern Europe, parts of Asia
Developing low income countries: west, central and east Africa, parts of Asia
??? China & India
Population growth
Per person resource consumption
[per capita gross national product – 1999-2000]
Population size
Per person consumption / impact
Stewardship
Fig 6-4
Time to add billion people changes
Independence from British colonization In 1960
Long period of civil war, based on ethnic lines followed
Discovery of Oil lead to revenue for government, corruption became rampant
1993 General Sani Abacha became military ruler, died in 1998 of a “heart attack”
1999 Olusegun Obasanjo, a former military leader and - until 1998 - a political prisoner, was elected president.
Several rival groups have had violent conflict, eg Igbo Christians and Hausa Muslims over implementation of Muslim law
Obasanjo elected again in 2003, but independent observers expressed reservations
Nigeria has substantial oil wealth (OPEC), but one of the world's poorest nations, > 70% poverty Economy heavily dependent on oil sector revenues, which account for nearly 80 % of government revenues.
-Hausa and Fulani (29%)-Yoruba (21%)-Ibo (18%)-Ijaw (10%), -over 250 others
9 oil workers currently being held by militant group
Oil facility in Niger Delta, BBC
Picture of Niger Delta on Chevron website
Last Nigerian census in 1991
Newer census postponed due to controversy over ethnicity and religion
Leaders in Muslim north opposed census if questions on religion or ethnicity included.
Leaders in Christian & Animist south opposed census if questions on religion or ethnicity NOT included.
Past, census figures claimed to be manipulated for political advantage.
The population of 2 south areas said to be less than that of the north. Therefore the north was - and still is - assured of absolute control of the federal government & budget
South says that dry north cannot have more people than fertile coastal area
How many people in Nigeria?
6-4
Population momentum
(Italy)2000
2025
Source:U.S. Census Bureau
Iraq
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4079779
“Graying” in Italy- listen to story
Comparing projected populations
Demographic transition
World regions in the process of demographic transition
birth rate
death rate
http://www.prb.org/Content/NavigationMenu/PRB/Educators/Human_Population/Women/The_Status_of_Women1.htm
Women’s education level lowers fertility rate
Wangari MaathaiKenyan environmental activist wins 2004 Nobel Peace Prize
Fights against deforestation(associated with high population)
Wangari Maathai
Born in 1940 in in Kenya, received higher education in US
Founded the Green Belt movement in Kenya in 1977, planted more than 10 million trees
1997 unsuccessfully ran for the presidency of Kenya
1998, gained worldwide attention when Kenyan President Daniel arap Moi backed development of a luxury housing project begun by clearing hundreds of acres of forest
1999 she suffered head injuries when attacked while planting trees in the Karura Public Forest in Nairobi
2002 elected to Parliament, as Mwai Kibabi defeated Moi, who had been president for 24 years
2004 won Nobel Prize for peace