What is this trying to show?What is this trying to show?

Population structuresPopulation structures

The rates of natural increase, births, The rates of natural increase, births, deaths, infant mortality and life deaths, infant mortality and life expectancy all affect the population expectancy all affect the population structure of a country.structure of a country.

The population structure of a country The population structure of a country can be shown by a can be shown by a populationpopulation or or age-age-sex pyramid.sex pyramid.

Population pyramids showPopulation pyramids show

The total population divided into five-The total population divided into five-year age groupsyear age groups

the percentage of people in each of the percentage of people in each of those age groupsthose age groups

the percentage of males and females the percentage of males and females in each age groupin each age group

Population pyramids are Population pyramids are useful because they show:useful because they show:

Trends in the birth rate, death rate, infant Trends in the birth rate, death rate, infant mortality rate and life expectancy - these trends mortality rate and life expectancy - these trends can help a country to plan its future services, e.g. can help a country to plan its future services, e.g. more homes for the elderly if there is an ageing more homes for the elderly if there is an ageing population or fewer schools if there is a declining population or fewer schools if there is a declining birth rate.birth rate.

The effects of people migrating into or out of a The effects of people migrating into or out of a region or country.region or country.

The proportion of the population who are The proportion of the population who are economically active and the proportion who are economically active and the proportion who are dependent upon them (dependency ratio).dependent upon them (dependency ratio).

Key things to know about Key things to know about population pyramids:population pyramids:

The shape of a population pyramid gives The shape of a population pyramid gives us information about birth and death rates us information about birth and death rates as well as as well as life expectancylife expectancy..

A population pyramid tells us how many A population pyramid tells us how many dependants there are living in an area. dependants there are living in an area. There are two groups of There are two groups of dependantsdependants; ; young dependants (aged below 15) and young dependants (aged below 15) and elderly dependants (aged over 65). elderly dependants (aged over 65).

Key things to know about Key things to know about population pyramids:population pyramids:

Those of working age are classed as Those of working age are classed as economically activeeconomically active. Dependants . Dependants rely upon the economically active for rely upon the economically active for economic support.economic support.

Many LEDCs have a high number of Many LEDCs have a high number of young dependantsyoung dependants, whilst many , whilst many MEDCs have a growing number of MEDCs have a growing number of elderly dependantselderly dependants. .

How may a pyramid change over How may a pyramid change over time?time?

A population pyramid that is very A population pyramid that is very triangular (eg Mozambique in 2000) triangular (eg Mozambique in 2000) illustrates a population with a high number illustrates a population with a high number of young dependants and a low life of young dependants and a low life expectancy.expectancy.

A population pyramid that has fairly A population pyramid that has fairly straight sides (more like a barrel) straight sides (more like a barrel) illustrates a population with a falling birth illustrates a population with a falling birth rate and a rising life expectancy.rate and a rising life expectancy.

How may a pyramid change over How may a pyramid change over time?time?

Over time, as a country develops, the Over time, as a country develops, the shape of its population pyramid changes shape of its population pyramid changes from a triangular shape to a barrel-like from a triangular shape to a barrel-like shape with straighter edges.shape with straighter edges.

Places that are experiencing an ageing Places that are experiencing an ageing population and a very low birth rate may population and a very low birth rate may have a population structure that looks a have a population structure that looks a little like an upside-down pyramid. little like an upside-down pyramid.

Can you Interpret population Can you Interpret population PyramidsPyramids

Six things to comment onSix things to comment on

1.1. Birth RateBirth Rate2.2. Death RateDeath Rate3.3. Infant mortalityInfant mortality4.4. Life expectancyLife expectancy5.5. % of dependants to economically active% of dependants to economically active6.6. MigrationMigration

World population pyramid World population pyramid animationanimation

http://www.ined.fr/jeux.php?http://www.ined.fr/jeux.php?_movie=chargement.swf?_movie=chargement.swf?_movie=simulateur.swf&lg=en&titre_movie=simulateur.swf&lg=en&titre=Population =Population simulator&lg=en&jeu=oksimulator&lg=en&jeu=ok

China pyramid animationChina pyramid animation

http://www.iiasa.ac.at/Research/LUC/http://www.iiasa.ac.at/Research/LUC/ChinaFood/data/anim/pop_ani.htmChinaFood/data/anim/pop_ani.htm

Interactive annotationInteractive annotation

http://classtools.net/my/postIt12903.http://classtools.net/my/postIt12903.htmhtm France France

http://classtools.net/my/postIt3068.hthttp://classtools.net/my/postIt3068.htmm Japan Japan

Show radical geography windows media player video

Dependency ratiosDependency ratios

The population of a country can be The population of a country can be divided into two categories according divided into two categories according to their contribution to economic to their contribution to economic productivity. Those aged 15-65 years productivity. Those aged 15-65 years are known as the economically active are known as the economically active or working population; those under or working population; those under 15 (the youth dependency ratio) and 15 (the youth dependency ratio) and over 65 (the old age dependency over 65 (the old age dependency ratio) are known as the non-econo ratio) are known as the non-econo mically active population. mically active population.

The dependency ratio can be The dependency ratio can be expressed as:expressed as:

children (0-14)and elderly (65 and over)x 100

those of working age

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6911544.stmIndia’s dependency ratio 2008

e.g. UK 1971 (figures in millions):e.g. UK 1971 (figures in millions):

13 387 + 7307 13 387 + 7307 x100 = 65.45 x100 = 65.45

3161631616

So for every 100 people of working age So for every 100 people of working age there were 65.45 people dependent there were 65.45 people dependent upon themupon them

By 1999 the dependency ratio had By 1999 the dependency ratio had changed to:changed to:

11 345 + 9 271 11 345 + 9 271 x 100 = 53.55 x 100 = 53.5538 49838 498

So although the number of elderly people So although the number of elderly people had increased, this was more than offset had increased, this was more than offset by the larger drop in the number of by the larger drop in the number of children (the dependency ratio does not children (the dependency ratio does not take into account those who are take into account those who are unemployed). The dependency ratio for unemployed). The dependency ratio for most developed countries is between 50 most developed countries is between 50 and 70, whereas for less economically and 70, whereas for less economically developed countries it is often over 100.developed countries it is often over 100.

InteractiveInteractive

http://www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk/vtc/http://www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk/vtc/demographic_trans/eng/demographic_trans/eng/Introduction/Main2.htmIntroduction/Main2.htm

How will the structure of population A impact on How will the structure of population A impact on the provision of 2 social services? HSC Short Ansthe provision of 2 social services? HSC Short Ans

Due to population As structure the provision of social Due to population As structure the provision of social services is going to be difficult.services is going to be difficult.

There is a small working age population to support the There is a small working age population to support the young average population. This will make it difficult for young average population. This will make it difficult for Population A to raise enough tax revenue to provide health Population A to raise enough tax revenue to provide health and education services. and education services.

How will the structure of population B impact on the How will the structure of population B impact on the provision of 2 social services?provision of 2 social services?

Due to the ageing population structure of Population B this Due to the ageing population structure of Population B this will impact on the provision of social services. The provision will impact on the provision of social services. The provision of health and aged care facilities for the ageing population of health and aged care facilities for the ageing population will be difficult as the average age of Population B is getting will be difficult as the average age of Population B is getting older. The proportionately smaller working age population older. The proportionately smaller working age population will have more dependents to support which will impact on will have more dependents to support which will impact on the ability of the government to raise tax money for the the ability of the government to raise tax money for the provision of social services.provision of social services.