Polyherbal Formulations for Diabetes

Prof. Dr. Basavaraj K. Nanjwade. M.Pharm., Ph.D.

Department of PharmaceuticsKLE University College of Pharmacy

Belgaum, Karnataka , IndiaE-mail: bknanjwade@yahoo.co.in

Cell No: 00919742431000

Graphical Abstract

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Introduction• Plant formulation and combined extracts of plants are used a

drug of choice rather than individual. Various herbal formulations such as diamed, coagent db, Diasulin, and hyponidd, are well known for their antidiabetic effects.

• Polyherbal formulation of Annona squamosa and Nigella sativa is composed of medicinal plants (Table 1), which are traditionally used for antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activity. The present investigation was undertaken to study the effect of the polyherbal formulation of Annona sqamosa and Nigella sativa on lipidperoxidation and tissue lipid profile in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

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Research Background• Polyherbal formulation of Annona squamosa and Nigella

sativa on blood glucose, plasma insulin, tissue lipid profile, and lipidperoxidation in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Aqueous extract of Polyherbal formulation of Annona squamosa and Nigella sativa was administered orally (200 mg/kg body weight) for 30 days.

• The different doses of Polyherbal formulation on blood glucose and plasma insulin in diabetic rats were studied and the levels of lipid peroxides and tissue lipids were also estimated in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The effects were compared with tolbutamide. Treatment with Polyherbal formulation and tolbutamide resulted in a significant reduction of blood glucose and increase in plasma insulin.

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Annona squamosa (Sugar–Apple)

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Nigella sativa

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Material and methods

• Animals

• Preparation of drug

• Chemicals

• Drug administration

• Streptozotocin-induced diabetes

• Experimental design

• Biochemical analysis

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Experimental design

• In the experiment, a total of 42 rats (30 diabetic surviving rats, 12 normal rats) were used.

• The rats were divided into seven groups of six rats each after the induction of streptozotocin diabetes.

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Experimental design• Group1: Normal treated rats

• Group 2:Normal rats given aqueous solution of Polyherbal formulation (200 mg/kg body weight) daily using an intragastric tube for 30 days.

• Group 3:Diabetic control rats.

• Group 4: Diabetic rats given aqueous solution of Polyherbal formulation (50 mg/kg body weight) daily using an intragastric tube for 30 days.

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Experimental design• Group 5: Diabetic rats given aqueous solution of Polyherbal

formulation (100 mg/kg body weight) daily using an intragastric tube for 30 days.

• Group 6: Diabetic rats given aqueous solution of Polyherbal formulation (200 mg/kg body weight) daily using an intragastric tube for 30 days.

• Group 7: Diabetic rats given aqueous solution of Tolbutamide (250 mg/kg body weight) daily using an intragastric tube for 30 days.

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Biochemical analysis

• Estimation of blood glucose and plasma insulin• Estimation of lipid peroxidation• Estimation of lipids

i. Lipids

ii. For total cholesterol estimation

iii. Fro triglycerides estimation

iv. Phopholipids content

v. Free fatty acids

vi. Statistical analysis7 September 2011 14th ACC and ANRAP, Bangkok 11

Table 1: Polyherbal Formulation of Annona Squamosa and Nigella sativa (Composition and Concentration)

Sl. No Botanical Name Common Name

Family Part used

Conc.

1. Annona squamosa

Sharifa Annonnacceae Matured fruits

50

2. Nigella sative Kalonji Ranunculaceae seeds 50

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Group Fasting blood glucose (mg/dI)

Plasma insulin (IU/ml)

Normal 81.04 ± 2.29 11.26 ± 0.96

Diabetic control 262.24 ± 22.23 3.48 ± 0.69

Diabetic + Polyherbal formulation (50 mg/kg)

209.58 ± 12.46 5.59 ± 0.34

Diabetic + Polyherbal formulation (100 mg/kg)

155.58 ± 11.69 6.03 ± 0.45

Diabetic + Polyherbal formulation (200 mg/kg)

104.16 ± 6.56 7.15 ± 0.45

Diabetic + Tolbutamide(250 mg/kg)

110.65 ± 9.35 6.32 ± 0.48

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Table 2: Changes in blood glucose and plasma insulin levels of control and experimental animals

Groups TBARS Hydroperoxide

Liver Kidney Liver Kidney

Normal 0.58 ± 0.066 0.68 ± 0.05 70.38 ± 4.54 55.34 ± 4.55

Diabetic + Polyherbal formulation (200 mg/kg)

0.56 ± 0.079 0.78 ± 0.06 68.59 ± 5.14 52.48 ± 4.75

Diabetic control

1.54 ± 0.06 1.65 ± 0.12 99.98 ± 5.98 78.29 ± 4.58

Diabetic + Polyherbal formulation (200 mg/kg)

0.64 ± 0.053 0.97 ± 0.07 80.55 ± 5.69 60.99 ± 4.78

Diabetic + Tolbutamide(250 mg/kg)

0.67 ± 0.088 1.02 ± 0.08 84.35 ± 5.45 62.45 ± 5.56

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Table 3: Changes in levels of TBARS and Hydroperoxides in liver and kidney of control and experimental animals

Table 4: Changes in levels of cholestrol, free fatty acids, triglycerides and phospholipids in liver of control and experimental animals

( mg/100g wet. tissue)

Groups Cholesterol Free fatty acids Triglycerides Phospholipids

Normal 335.44 ± 18.90 606.10 ± 1.76 344.50 ± 23.20 1598.00 ± 19.30

Normal + Polyherbal formulation (200 mg/kg)

328.38 ± 5.74 601.93 ± 9.00 341.10 ± 21.00 1593.10 ± 24.10

Diabetic control 496.56 ± 13.10 921.60 ± 44.60 622.50 ± 18.80 1858.60 ± 18.70

Diabetic + Polyherbal formulation(200mg/kg)

398.65 ± 17.54 769.16 ± 3.30 456.25 ± 17.30 1718.80 ± 14.40

Diabetic + Tolbutamide (250 mg/kg)

405.21 ± 9.79 802.80 ± 3.77 530.80 ± 35.70 1769.30 ± 17.60

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Groups Cholesterol Free fatty acids Triglycerides Phospholopids

Normal + Polyherbal formulation (200 mg/kg)

372.08±8.28 432.51±1.60 278.75±14.60 1442.50±43.30

Diabetic control 546.90±23.80 743.00±5.70 501.10±34.10 2041.50±33.60

Diabetic+Polyherbal formulation (200 mg/kg)

435.20±12.18 556.80±8.50 382.90±9.28 1684.00±28.80

Diabetic+ Tolbutamide (250 mg/kg)

449.90±13.49 600.30±3.40 438.66±39.30 1819.30±34.70

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Table 5: Changes in levels of cholestrol, free fatty acids, triglycerides and phospholipids in kidney of control and experimental animals

( mg/100g wet. tissue)

Conclusion

• Polyherbal formulation of Annona squamosa and Nigella sativa, exert a significant antihyperlipidemic. This could be due to combined effect of Annona squamosa and Nigella sativa. Hence the antihyperlipidemic effect of polyherbal formulation of Annona squamosa and Nigella sativa in particular could be considered as of possible therapeutic value

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Liposomes

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– Spherical vesicles with a phospholipid bilayer

Hydrophilic

HydrophobicHydrophobic

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Liposome Preparation

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Liposome Preparation

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Liposome Preparation

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Lipid Peroxidation

• Most phospholipid liposomes contain unsaturated acyl chains as part of their molecular structure and susceptible to oxidative degradation. It can be minimized by the use of animal derived lipids like egg PC, which has less saturated lipids, use of light resistant containers, use of antioxidants are useful in minimizing oxidation.

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Diabetic Current Research

• Mangifera indica(stem,fruits,etc) – Anacardiaceae – Mango

• Gossypiumherbaceum(flowers,etc ) – Malvaceae – Cotton

• Cocos nucifera(roots,etc) – Arecaceae – Coconut

• Lawsonia inermis(bark,etc) – Lythraceae - Mendhi

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My Research Group

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THANK YOUE-mail: bknanjwade@yahoo.co.in

Cell No: 0091 9742431000

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