polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) in the san francisco estuary setac annual meeting november...

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Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in the San Francisco Estuary www.sfei.org SETAC Annual Meeting November 2007 Milwaukee, Wisconsin Susan Klosterhaus, Daniel Oros, John Oram, Don Yee, and Cristina Grosso San Francisco Estuary Institute, Oakland, California. Francois Rodigari East Bay Municipal Utility District, Oakland, California. David Crane California Dept. of Fish and Game, Rancho Cordova, California.

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Page 1: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in the San Francisco Estuary  SETAC Annual Meeting November 2007 Milwaukee, Wisconsin Susan Klosterhaus,

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in the San Francisco Estuary

www.sfei.org

SETAC Annual MeetingNovember 2007

Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Susan Klosterhaus, Daniel Oros, John Oram, Don Yee, and Cristina Grosso

San Francisco Estuary Institute, Oakland, California.

Francois RodigariEast Bay Municipal Utility District, Oakland, California.

David CraneCalifornia Dept. of Fish and Game, Rancho Cordova, California.

Richard GraceAXYS Analytical Services Ltd., Sidney, British Columbia.

Page 2: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in the San Francisco Estuary  SETAC Annual Meeting November 2007 Milwaukee, Wisconsin Susan Klosterhaus,

Talk Outline

I. Introduction to the Estuary and our dataset

II. PBDEs in biota are high

III. PBDEs in sediment seem low

IV. What’s going on?

Page 3: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in the San Francisco Estuary  SETAC Annual Meeting November 2007 Milwaukee, Wisconsin Susan Klosterhaus,

San Francisco Estuary

• Largest estuary on west coast

• Urban, industrial, agricultural

• 90% of freshwater from Delta

• Shallow, highly mixed

• Net erosional except for Lower South Bay

Delta

Pacific Ocean

Central V

alley

Page 4: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in the San Francisco Estuary  SETAC Annual Meeting November 2007 Milwaukee, Wisconsin Susan Klosterhaus,

Regional Monitoring Program for Water Quality in the San Francisco Estuary (RMP)

I. Status & Trends Monitoring (1993 - ) -- Sediment, water (annually) -- Bivalves (every 2 years) -- Sport fish (every 3 years) -- Cormorant eggs (every 2 years)

II. Pilot and Special Studies -- Provides framework for adaptive management -- e.g. emerging contaminants

Collaboration: SFEI, State, Discharging Community

Objective: Support management decisions

Page 5: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in the San Francisco Estuary  SETAC Annual Meeting November 2007 Milwaukee, Wisconsin Susan Klosterhaus,

Comprehensive PBDE Dataset Br BrO

Br Br

• Water, sediment, bivalves (SFEI monitoring)

• Sport fish (Holden et al. 2003; Greenfield et al. 2003; Brown et al. 2006; Davis et al. 2006)

• Harbor seals (She et al. 2002; SFEI unpublished)

• Bird eggs (She et al. 2004; Davis et al. 2006; Hooper, unpublished)

• People (She et al. 2002; Petreas et al. 2003; Fischer et al. 2006; Bradman et al. 2007)

Sources • Wastewater effluent (North 2004; SFEI unpublished)

• Loadings from the Delta and local watersheds (SFEI in prep)

• Atmospheric deposition (CA Air Resources Board)

Accumulation

Mass Budget and Modeling

Page 6: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in the San Francisco Estuary  SETAC Annual Meeting November 2007 Milwaukee, Wisconsin Susan Klosterhaus,

Bivalves

• Annually since 1993

• Deployed Mussels (90-100 days)

• Resident clams

• PBDEs since 2002

BD20

BD30

BC61

BC10

BB71

BA40

BA30

BA10

BD40

Resident Clams

BG20

BG30

Deployed Mussels

Page 7: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in the San Francisco Estuary  SETAC Annual Meeting November 2007 Milwaukee, Wisconsin Susan Klosterhaus,

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005Tot

al P

BD

E (

ng/g

dry

wei

ght)

30405060708090

100110

Resident clam concentrations have decreased

Corbicula fluminea

Sacramento River (BG20)

San Joaquin River (BG30)

Page 8: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in the San Francisco Estuary  SETAC Annual Meeting November 2007 Milwaukee, Wisconsin Susan Klosterhaus,

Deployed mussel concentrations may be decreasing

Mytilus californianus2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Tot

al P

BD

Es

(ng/

g d

ry w

eig

ht)

0

10

20

30

40

50

San Pablo Bay (BD30)Central Bay (BB71) Central Bay (BC10) Central Bay (BC61) South Bay (BA40)

Page 9: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in the San Francisco Estuary  SETAC Annual Meeting November 2007 Milwaukee, Wisconsin Susan Klosterhaus,

Data: 2006 NOAA Mussel Watch Program

Deployed mussels comparable to resident mussels in other urban estuaries

Total PBDE (ng/g dry weight)

0 5 10 15 20 25

Delaware Bay

Tampa Bay

Long Island Sound

San Francisco Bay

Puget Sound

Page 10: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in the San Francisco Estuary  SETAC Annual Meeting November 2007 Milwaukee, Wisconsin Susan Klosterhaus,

Sport Fish

• Every 3 yrs since 1994

• Popular fishing areas

• 7 species

• Organics, Hg, Se

• PBDEs since 2000

South Bay

Oakland Inner Harbor

Berkeley

San Francisco Waterfront

San Pablo Bay

Page 11: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in the San Francisco Estuary  SETAC Annual Meeting November 2007 Milwaukee, Wisconsin Susan Klosterhaus,

Trends in sport fish?

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

ShinerSurfperch

WhiteCroaker

StripedBass

WhiteSturgeon

To

tal

PB

DE

s (

ng

/g w

et

we

igh

t)

2000

2003

2006

2006NA

Median

Range

Page 12: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in the San Francisco Estuary  SETAC Annual Meeting November 2007 Milwaukee, Wisconsin Susan Klosterhaus,

Congener patterns in sport fish

Shine

r Sur

fper

chW

hite

Cro

aker

Stripe

d Bas

sW

hite

Stu

rgeo

n ‘Penta-BDE’

% o

f Tot

al P

BD

E

47 99 100 153 154 Other

0

20

40

60

80

100

Page 13: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in the San Francisco Estuary  SETAC Annual Meeting November 2007 Milwaukee, Wisconsin Susan Klosterhaus,

Sport fish among the highest

SF white croaker

SF shiner surfperch

SF striped bassSF white sturgeon

San Francisco Bay

Total PBDE (ng/g lipid)0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Japan

China

European Average

TaiwanEuropeAsia

> 5000

Chesapeake Bay

N. American Average

Maine

Others in North America

Great Lakes

Page 14: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in the San Francisco Estuary  SETAC Annual Meeting November 2007 Milwaukee, Wisconsin Susan Klosterhaus,

Cormorant eggs

Wheeler Island

Richmond Bridge

Don Edwards NWR

• 3 nesting sites

• Biennial since 2002

• Organics, Hg, Se

Page 15: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in the San Francisco Estuary  SETAC Annual Meeting November 2007 Milwaukee, Wisconsin Susan Klosterhaus,

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

22000

24000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

PB

DE

s (n

g/g

lip

id)

PB

DE

s in

egg

s (n

g/g

lipid

)

2002 2003 2004 2005

24,000

20,000

16,000

12,000

8,000

4,000

Don Edwards Pond (South Bay)

Richmond Bridge

Wheeler Island (near Delta)

Cormorant concentrations may be decreasing

Page 16: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in the San Francisco Estuary  SETAC Annual Meeting November 2007 Milwaukee, Wisconsin Susan Klosterhaus,

Congener patterns in cormorant eggs

47 99 100 153 154 17,28/33,66,85,138

Whe

eler

Is.

Whe

eler

Is.

Ric

hmon

d Br

.D

. Edw

ards

D. E

dwar

ds

Ric

hmon

d B

r.

Ric

hmon

d B

r. D

. Edw

ards

D. E

dwar

ds

Ric

hmon

d B

r.

2002 2004

% o

f T

otal

PB

DE

Penta-BDE

Page 17: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in the San Francisco Estuary  SETAC Annual Meeting November 2007 Milwaukee, Wisconsin Susan Klosterhaus,

Location SpeciesΣPBDEs

(ng/g lipid)Reference

San Francisco Bay cormorants 4,000 - 24,000 Davis et al. 2006 (SFEI)

San Francisco Bay terns, clapper rail 300 - 63,000She et al. 2003; She et al. 2004

Chesapeake Bay osprey 200-700 (wet wt) Rattner et al. 2004

Great Lakes herring gull 1800 - 16,000Norstrom et al.

2002

British Columbiacormorants, herons,

petrels Max 7700 Elliot et al. 2005

Norway osprey, sea eagle 300 - 20,000 Herzke et al. 2005

UK herons, cormorants max 4,000 D'Silva et al. 2004

Sweden guillemot Max 2700Sellström et al.

2003

Japan cormorants 600 - 3,300Watanabe et al.

2004

Bird eggs among the highest

Page 18: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in the San Francisco Estuary  SETAC Annual Meeting November 2007 Milwaukee, Wisconsin Susan Klosterhaus,

BDE 47 in Sediment (2004 - 2006)

• Range: 0.2 – 4 ng/g

• Segment averages < 0.4 – 0.8 ng/g

• No trend over 3 years

Page 19: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in the San Francisco Estuary  SETAC Annual Meeting November 2007 Milwaukee, Wisconsin Susan Klosterhaus,

BDE 47 within range of other locations

LocationBDE 47

(ng/g dry)Reference

San Francisco Estuary <0.2 - 4 SFEI 2006 Monitoring

Chesapeake Bay mainstem <0.1 - 2 Baker et al. unpublished

Newark Bay, NJ <0.1 - 16 Wenning et al. 2004

Great Lakes <2 Zhu and Hites 2005

Lake Winnipeg, Canada 0.01-0.2 Law et al. 2006

China (Pearl River Estuary) 0.1 - 5 Mai et al. 2005

China (Yangtze River Delta) Chen et al. 2006

Japan <2 Choi et al 2003

Denmark <0.1 - 1  Christensen and Platz 2001

Netherlands 0.3 – 7 de Boer et al. 2003

Portugal <1 - 10 Lacorte et al. 2003

Spain 0.1 - 0.2 Eljarrat et al. 2004

Germany, Czech Republic Sawal et al. 2004

Page 20: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in the San Francisco Estuary  SETAC Annual Meeting November 2007 Milwaukee, Wisconsin Susan Klosterhaus,

BDE 209 in Sediment (2004, 2006)

• Range: < 1 – 19 ng/g

• Segment averages 0.6 – 9 ng/g • 2006 2X higher than 2004

Page 21: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in the San Francisco Estuary  SETAC Annual Meeting November 2007 Milwaukee, Wisconsin Susan Klosterhaus,

LocationBDE 209

(ng/g dry)Reference

San Francisco Estuary <1 - 19 SFEI 2006 Monitoring

Chesapeake Bay, MD, VA <0.1 - 30 Baker et al. unpublished

Newark Bay, NJ 0.1 - 700 Wenning et al. 2004

Great Lakes 40 - 60 Zhu and Hites 2005

Lake Winnipeg, Canada 0.5-0.8 Law et al. 2006

China (Pearl River Estuary) 1 - 110 Mai et al. 2005

China (Yangtze River Delta) <1 - 100 Chen et al. 2006

Japan <25 – 11,600 Choi et al 2003

Denmark <1 - 20 Christensen and Platz 2001

Netherlands <4 – 510 de Boer et al. 2003

Portugal Lacorte et al. 2003

Spain 2 - 40 Eljarrat et al. 2004

Germany, Czech Republic 1 - 20 Sawal et al. 2004

BDE 209 lower than other locations?

Page 22: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in the San Francisco Estuary  SETAC Annual Meeting November 2007 Milwaukee, Wisconsin Susan Klosterhaus,

Suis

un B

aySa

n Pa

blo

Bay

Cen

tral

Bay

Sout

h B

ay

Low

er S

outh

Bay

Pattern in sediments varies spatially

209 208 207 206 154 153 100 99 66 47 28,33

% o

f To

tal P

BD

E

0

20

40

60

80

100

Bal

timor

e H

arbo

r**Klosterhaus et al. 2006

Page 23: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in the San Francisco Estuary  SETAC Annual Meeting November 2007 Milwaukee, Wisconsin Susan Klosterhaus,

Summary

1. PBDEs in biota are high, may be decreasing

2. PBDEs in sediments are comparable?

4. Watershed characteristics drive spatial

variation in congener patterns

5. Effect of California flammability standard is unclear

3. BDE 209 may be increasing in sediments

Page 24: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in the San Francisco Estuary  SETAC Annual Meeting November 2007 Milwaukee, Wisconsin Susan Klosterhaus,

Acknowledgements

RMP committees, participants

San Francisco Regional Water Quality Control Board

SFEI: Jay Davis, Meg Sedlak, Ben Greenfield

Data and reports available at: www.sfei.org/rmp