Pollution

Presented by:

9th Boys

Ananda Jyothi High School,

Rmantahpur,

The Digital School

Hyderbad

Pollution • Pollution is the introduction of a

contaminant into the environment. It is created mostly by human actions, but can also be a result of natural disasters.

• It has an adverse effect on any living organism in an environment, making it virtually impossible to sustain life.

Types of pollutionThe major forms of pollution are:

• Air pollution• Water pollution• Land pollution• Noise pollution• Thermal pollution• Light pollution

Contents:Noise pollution• Sources• Effects• Control

Land pollution• Types• Sources• Effects• Control

Land pollution• Land pollution is the degradation of earth’s

land surfaces often caused by human activities and their misuse of land resources.

• It occurs when waste is not disposed off properly, or can occur when humans throw chemicals onto the soil in the form of pesticides, insecticides and fertilizers during agricultural practices.

• Exploitation of minerals (mining activities) has also contributed to the destruction of the earth’s surface.

Types of land pollution

Solid Waste:

• These include the various kinds of rubbish we make at home, school, hospitals, market and work places.

• Things like paper, plastic containers, bottles, cans, food and even used cars and broken electronic goods, broken furniture and hospital waste are all examples of solid waste.

Types of land pollutionPesticides and Fertilizers:

• Many farming activities engage in the application of fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides for higher crop yield.

• This is good because we get more food, but can you think of what happens to the chemicals that end up on the crops and soils?

• Sometimes, insects and small animals are killed and bigger animals that eat tiny animals (as in food chains) are also harmed.

Types of land pollution Deforestation:

• Humans depend on trees for many things including life. Trees absorb carbon dioxide from the air and enrich the air with Oxygen, which is needed for life.

• Trees provide wood for humans and a habitat to many land animals, insects and birds.

• Trees also, help replenish soils and help retain nutrients being washed away.

• Unfortunately, we have cut down millions of acres of tree for wood, construction, farming and mining purposes, and never planted new trees.

Sources of land pollution

• Agriculture: These include waste matter produced by crop, animal manure, and farm residues. They also include the chemical left over of all pesticides, fertilizers and insecticides used for agricultural activities.

• Industries: These include paints, chemicals, metals and aluminum, plastics and so on.

• Sewage Treatment: Wastes that are left over after sewage has been treated, biomass sludge, and settled solids.

• Ashes: The residual matter that remains after solid fuels are burned.

Sources of land pollution

• Garbage: These include household waste such as glass, metal, cloth, plastic, wood, paper, and so on. Some of these can decay and others cannot.

• Construction: These include waste like debris, wood, metals and plastics.

• Deforestation: This is when trees are cut down for economic purposes, mining, farming and construction.

• Chemical And Nuclear Plants: These include chemical waste from chemical industries

• Oil Refineries: When crude oil is refined into usable petro, gas or diesel, there are by products that end up as waste.

Effects of land pollution

Dump sites and landfills also come with serious problems like:

• Very bad smell and odour in the town.• Landfills breed rodents like rats, mice and

insects, who in-turn transmit diseases.• Landfills in towns do not attract tourists to the

town. The town will loose revenue.• Many landfills are always burning and they

cause further air pollution.

Prevention of land pollution

• Don’t dump motor oil on the ground.

• The greatest prevention to land pollution is in the three ‘R's’ … Reduce Waste, Re-use things and Recycle things.

• Governments can also ensure that there are incentives for people to recycle and re-use things.

LAND POLLUTION CONTROL• We believe that it is the responsible thing to do to

increase recycling.• This takes only a couple minutes out of your week

to separate plastics from Styrofoam.• It is just like doing laundry and separating blacks

and colors.• The residents of the country should also try and

do their part and put in at least one day of litter picking up.

LAND POLLUTION IS OVER

Noise pollution• Noise pollution refers to undesirable

levels of noises caused by human activity that disrupt the standard of living in the affected area.

• Sound becomes undesirable when it disturbs the normal activities such as working, sleeping, and during conversations.

Sources of noise pollutionHousehold sources:

• Gadgets like food mixer, grinder, vacuum cleaner, washing machine and dryer, cooler, air conditioners can be very noisy and injurious to health.

• Others include loud speakers of  sound systems and TVs, ipods and ear phones.

• Another example may be your neighbor’s dog barking all night everyday at every shadow it sees, disturbing everyone else in the apartment.

Sources of noise pollutionSocial events:

• Places of worship, discos and gigs, parties and other social events also create a lot of noise for the people living in that area.

• In many market areas, people sell with loud speakers, others shout out offers and try to get customers to buy their goods.

Sources of noise pollutionCommercial and industrial activities:

• Printing presses, manufacturing industries, construction sites - contribute to noise pollutions in large cities.

• In many industries, it is a requirement that people always wear earplugs to minimize their exposure to heavy noise.

• People who work with tractors and noisy equipment are also required to wear noise-proof gadgets.

Sources of noise pollutionTransportation:

• Aero planes flying over houses, over ground and underground trains, vehicles on road - these are constantly making a lot of noise and people always struggle to cope with them.

Effects on humans: Hearing

• A very loud sound in a particular frequency range can damage the cochlea's hair cells thereby reducing the ear's ability to hear those frequencies in the future.

• However, loud noise in any frequency range has serious effects across the entire range of human hearing.

Effects on humans: Health

Disturbance causes• Sleep-effect performance• Workplace-lack of productivity

Cause stress• Blood pressure/ Heart rate rise• May cause cardiovascular diseases• Has been linked to excessive use of

alcohol, drugs, food

Effects on humans: Psychological

Anxiety

Aggression

Depression• Effect working conditions• Effect social interactions

Effects on wild lifeDamage to hearing can reduce the chances

of survival

Physiological response• Hormone imbalance• Chronic stress

Responses result in• Decrease in food intake• Loss of energy• Injury

Effects on Marine life

Whales and dolphins• Deaths occuring• Beaching themselves

Noise pollution control

• Workers should be provided with equipments such as ear plugs and earmuffs for hearing protection.

• Soundproof doors and windows can be installed to block unwanted noise from outside.

• Regulations should be imposed to restrict the usage of play loudspeakers in crowded areas and public places.

• Social awareness programs should be taken up to educate the public about the causes and effects of noise pollution.

NOISE POLLUTION IS OVER

• The best way to solve any problem (here, to reduce pollution) is to understand it. This means learning about it (like what we are doing now) is the greatest step forward.

• People should be educated and made aware about the harmful effects of pollution. Discuss with your friends and family and talk about it.

We do not inherit the environment from our forefathers, we borrow it

from future generation.

Most polluted places in India

• Vapi in Gujarat and Sukinda in Orrisa is among the worlds top 10 most polluted places. 

• Vapi :  Potentially affected people: 71,000 -Pollutants: Chemicals and heavy metals due to its Industrial estates.  

• Sukinda:  Potentially affected people: 2,600,000. -Pollutants: Hexavalent chromium due to