plumbing systems - determining required fixtures

Flad Architects of 3 Flad Code Forum Notes : 27 August 2015

Flad Code Forum Notes 27 August 2015 1. Code Forums

a. Notes of past code forums are posted at : i. Flad Home Page / Resources / Codes / Forums / Year / Date of Forum.

b. Next Code Forum: <Month Day, Year> : <Insert Title>. c. This Code Forum will Discuss : Plumbing Systems : Determining Required Fixtures d. Additional information is contained in attached power point slides: PP-pages.

Plumbing Systems : Determining Required Fixtures – Refer to PP-01 through PP-64 2. References

a. International Building Code - 2012 edition = IBC b. International Plumbing Code - 2012 edition = IPC c. NFPA 101 Life Safety Code - 2012 edition = LSC

3. Which code determines plumbing fixtures? PP-03 a. LSC : no prescriptive information or requirements b. IBC (Ch 29) = IPC (Ch 4) : Both codes address these requirements

4. Plumbing Systems Scope PP-04 through PP-06 a. [P] 2901.1 Scope.

The provisions of this chapter and the International Plumbing Code shall govern the erection, installation, alteration, repairs, relocation, replacement, addition to, use or maintenance of plumbing equipment and systems.

5. Scope – Required Fixtures PP-07 6. Scope - Finish PP-08 through PP-09

a. Confirm with AHJ how they define “smooth, hard, and nonabsorbent.” 7. Scope - Waterproof Joints PP-10 through PP-11

a. Differences between “Caulk” vs. “Grout” vs. “Sealant” b. Refer to tub manufacturer’s installation guidelines for their recommended waterproofing

method. 8. Scope - Toilet and Bathing Rooms PP-12 through PP-16

a. Water closet compartment (1210.3.1) - privacy requirements and exceptions b. Urinal partitions (1210.3.2) - privacy requirements and exceptions c. Location (1210.3.4) – toilet room cannot open directly into food prep area

9. Minimum Plumbing Fixtures PP-17 through PP-26 a. Minimum number of fixtures (2902.1) This is determined by the “type of occupancy”

which is not necessarily the building’s occupancy classification (IBC Chapter 3 & LSC Occupancy chapters) and/or the “function of space” (IBC Table 1004.1.2 & LSC Table 7.3.1.2).

b. For IBC Table 2902.1, users should start in the “Description” column to determine the “type of occupancy.”

10. Urinal Substitution PP-27 a. Assembly/Education occupancies : 67% of required water closets b. All other occupancies : 50% of required water closets

11. Drinking Fountains PP-28 through PP-34 a. Minimum Number : Standing + Wheelchair accessible b. Substitutions : water coolers and/or bottled water of 50% of required

12. Determining Plumbing Fixtures PP-35 through PP-40 a. Determination based on all of the actual uses of the rooms/spaces in a building. b. Different “uses” require different ratios of fixtures per occupant load. c. Assembly uses have different ratios for men and women


i. Water Closets (M-Men vs W-Women) (1) A-1 (Theatres) 1 per 125 (M) vs. 1 per 65 (W) (2) A-2 (Bars) 1 per 40 (M) vs. 1 per 40 (W) (3) A-2 (Restaurant) 1 per 75 (M) vs. 1 per 75 (W) (4) A-3 (Art Galleries) 1 per 125 (M) vs. 1 per 65(W) (5) A-3 (Art Galleries) 1 per 500 (M) vs. 1 per 500(W) (6) A-3 (Transportation) 1 per 150 (M) vs. 1 per 75 (W) (7) A-4 (Churches) 1 per 75 (M) vs. 1 per 40 (W)

(a) (>1500) (>1520) 1 per 120 (M) vs. 1 per 60 (W) (8) A-5 (Outdoor Sports) 1 per 75 (M) vs. 1 per 40 (W)

(a) (>1500) (>1520) 1 per 120 (M) vs. 1 per 60 (W) ii. Lavatories

(1) A-4 (Churches) 1 per 200 (M) vs. 1 per 150 (W) (2) A-5 (Outdoor Sports) 1 per 200 (M) vs. 1 per 150 (W)

13. EXAMPLE - Determining Plumbing Fixtures PP-41 through PP-64 a. Programming

i. 60,000 sf, Office building ii. Occupancy = Business

(1) OL = 60K/100 sf per occupant = 600 occupants iii. Plumbing Fixtures?

(1) Water Closets (a) 1 per 25 for the first 50 and 1 per 50 for the remainder exceeding 50

(i) (25 x 1/25) + (25 x 1/25) + [(600-50) x 1/50] = 1 + 1 + 11 = (13) / 2 = (6.5) (b) (6.5) Female + (6.5) Male = (7) Female + (7) Male = (14)

(2) Lavatories (a) 1 per 40 for the first 80 and 1 per 80 for the remainder exceeding 80

(i) (40 x 1/40) + (40 x 1/40) + [(600-80) x 1/80] = 1 + 1 + 6.5 = 8.5 = (9) / 2 = (4.5)

(b) (4.5) Female + (4.5) Male = (5) Female + (5) Male = (10) (3) Drinking Fountains

(a) 1 per 100 (b) 600/100 = (6)

(4) Service Sink = (1) Total b. Schematic

i. Same quantities ii. Distribution by story?

(1) WC = (14) Total = (5/5/4) on 1-2-3 stories (2) Lavs = (10) Total = (3/3/2) on 1-2-3 stories (3) DF = (6) Total = (2) on each story

c. Design Development i. 60,000 sf, Office building ii. Occupancy Uses = Business + Assembly

(1) OL = 491 Business occupants + 378 Assembly occupants = 869 occupants iii. Plumbing Fixtures?

(1) Business (a) Water Closets

(i) 1 per 25 for the first 50 and 1 per 50 for the remainder exceeding 50 1) (25 x 1/25) + (25 x 1/25) + [(491-50) x 1/50] = 1 + 1 + 8.8 = 10.8

(b) Lavatories (i) 1 per 40 for the first 80 and 1 per 80 for the remainder exceeding 80

1) (40 x 1/40) + (40 x 1/40) + [(491-80) x 1/80] = 1 + 1 + 5.1 = 7.1 (c) Drinking Fountains (d) 1 per 100


(i) 491/100 = 4.9 (e) Service Sink = (1) Total

(2) Assembly (a) Water Closets

(i) Female : (189) x 1/65 = 2.9 (ii) Male : (189) x 1/125 = 1.5

(b) Lavatories (i) Female : (189) x 1/200 = 1.9 (ii) Male : (189) x 1/200 = 1.9

(c) Drinking Fountains (i) 1 per 500 (ii) 378/500 = 0.8

(d) Service Sink = (1) Total (3) Total

(a) Water Closets (i) Female: (10.8/2) Business + (2.9) Assembly = (5.4) + (2.9) = (8.3) = (9) (ii) Male : (10.8/2) Business + (1.5) Assembly = (5.4) + (1.5) = (6.9) = (7)

(b) Lavatories (i) Female : (7.1/2) Business + (1.9) Assembly = (3.6) + (1.9) = (5.4) = (6) (ii) Male : (7.1/2) Business + (1.9) Assembly = (3.6) + (1.9) = (5.4) = (6)

(c) Drinking Fountains (i) (4.9) Business + (0.8) Assembly = (5.7) = (6)

(d) Service Sink = (1) Total T:\twyatt\Code\Code Forums\2015 0827\2015 0827 Code Forum Notes.docx

F L A D C O D E F O R U M

Plumbing Systems :

Determining Required Fixtures

8/27/2015 Flad Code Forum 1

O U T L I N E

• Scope : IBC Ch 29 – Plumbing Systems

• Minimum Plumbing Fixtures

• Accessibility : IBC Ch 11

• Determining Plumbing Fixtures

• Example : By Phase (Programming-SD-DD)


Determining Plumbing Fixtures

• The fixture (toilets, lavatories, drinking fountains, etc) needs of different occupancies were determined based on empirical data, experience, and tradition.

• IBC : Chapter 29 = IPC : Chapter 4

– [P] in the IBC means the IPC Development Committee controls those IBC sections

• NFPA 101 Life Safety Code?

– NFPA 99 (2015): 8.3.8 Fixtures. Plumbing fixtures shall be suitable for the intended use.


IBC Ch 29 : Plumbing Systems : Scope

• [P] 2901.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter and the International Plumbing Code shall govern the erection, installation, alteration, repairs, relocation, replacement, addition to, use or maintenance of plumbing equipment and systems.

• Toilet and bathing rooms shall be constructed in accordance with Section 1210.

• Plumbing systems and equipment shall be constructed, installed and maintained in accordance with the International Plumbing Code.

• Private sewage disposal systems shall conform to the International Private Sewage Disposal Code.



• [P] 2901.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter and the International Plumbing Code shall govern the erection, installation, alteration, repairs, relocation, replacement, addition to, use or maintenance of plumbing equipment and systems.

– ALTERATION. Any construction or renovation to an existing structure other than repair or addition.

• REPAIR. The reconstruction or renewal of any part of an existing building for the purpose of its maintenance.

• ADDITION. An extension or increase in floor area or height of a building or structure.



• [P] 2901.1 Scope.

• Toilet and bathing rooms shall be constructed

in accordance with Section 1210.

– 1210.1 Required fixtures.

– 1210.2 Finish materials.

– 1210.3 Privacy.

– 1210.4 Toilet room location.



• [P] 2901.1 Scope.



– 1210.1 Required fixtures.

• The number and type of plumbing fixtures provided in

any occupancy shall comply with Chapter 29.



• [P] 2901.1 Scope.

• Toilet and bathing rooms shall be constructed in

accordance with Section 1210.

– 1210.2 Finish materials.

• Floor finish …. smooth, hard, nonabsorbent (SHN) surface.

• Walls … w/in 2’ of WC & urinal … SHN surface up to 4’ …

materials not adversely affected by moisture.

• Shwr compartments … SHN surface up to 70” above drain

• Tubs w/shwrs shall have waterproof joints between tub &

wall.



• Smooth, hard, nonabsorbent ?????

• Possible Code Interpretations by AHJ’s

– Smooth :

• Wall

– VWC with a texture (No?)

– FRP Panels w/Joints (No?)

• Floor : Wood/Carpet/VCT (No?)

– Hard :

• Wall : Gypsum Wall Board vs. Ceramic Tile

– Nonabsorbent :

• Wall : Paint vs Epoxy Paint on GWB



• Tubs w/shwrs shall have waterproof joints between tub & wall.– “Caulk” vs. “Grout” vs. “Sealant”

• Caulk/Grout : non-elastometric (do not stretch)

• Grout : not “waterproof” w/o sealers applied

• Sealant : elastometric (stretch 12%-50%)

– Sealants • Siliconized latex sealant vs. 100% silicones

• Sealants w/tile : Comply w/ASTM C920– Movement capability (ASTM C 719)

– Sealant hardness (ASTM C 661)

– Tack free time (ASTM C 679)

– Adhesion in Peel (ASTM C 794)



• Tubs w/shwrs shall have waterproof joints

between tub & wall.



• [P] 2901.1 Scope.

• Toilet and bathing rooms shall be constructed in accordance with Section 1210. – 1210.3 Privacy.

[P] 1210.3.1 Water closet compartment.

Each water closet utilized by the public or employees shall occupy a separate

compartment with walls or partitions and a door enclosing the fixtures to ensure

privacy.

Exceptions:

1. Water closet compartments shall not be required in a single-occupant toilet room with a lockable door.

2. Toilet rooms located in child day care facilities and containing two or more water closets shall be permitted to have one water closet without an enclosing compartment.

3. This provision is not applicable to toilet areas located within Group I-3 occupancy housing areas.




Compliant?

Compliant?


• [P] 2901.1 Scope.

• Toilet and bathing rooms shall be constructed in accordance with Section 1210. – 1210.3 Privacy.

[P] 1210.3.2 Urinal partitions.

Each urinal utilized by the public or employees shall occupy a separate area with

walls or partitions to provide privacy. The walls or partitions shall begin at a

height not more than 12 inches from and extend not less than 60 inches above

the finished floor surface. The walls or partitions shall extend from the wall

surface at each side of the urinal not less than 18 inches or to a point not less

than 6 inches beyond the outermost front lip of the urinal measured from the

finished backwall surface, whichever is greater.

Exceptions:

1. Urinal partitions shall not be required in a single-occupant or family or assisted-use toilet room with a lockable door.

2. Toilet rooms located in child day care facilities and containing two or more urinals shall be permitted to have one urinal without partitions.




Compliant?


• [P] 2901.1 Scope.



– 1210.4 Toilet room location.

Toilet rooms shall not open

directly into a room used for

the preparation of food for

service to the public.


IBC : Minimum Plumbing Facilities

SECTION 2902 MINIMUM PLUMBING FACILITIES

[P] 2902.1 Minimum number of fixtures.

[P] 2902.2 Separate facilities.

[P] 2902.3 Employee and public toilet facilities.

[P] 2902.4 Signage.

[P] 2902.5 Drinking fountain location.


IBC : Minimum Plumbing Facilities

SECTION 2902 MINIMUM PLUMBING FACILITIES[P] 2902.1 Minimum number of fixtures.

Plumbing fixtures shall be provided for the type of

occupancy and in the minimum number shown in

Table 2902.1.

Types of occupancies not shown in Table 2902.1 shall be

considered individually by the building official.

The number of occupants shall be determined by this

code. Occupancy classification shall be determined in

accordance with Chapter 3.


Minimum Number of Required

Plumbing Fixtures (IBC Table 2902.1)



Plumbing Fixtures (IBC Table 2902.1)No. Classification (Occupancy)

1. Assembly (A-1, A-2, A-3, A-4, A-5)

2. Business (B)

3. Educational (E)

4. Factory and Industrial (F-1, F-2)

5. High Hazard (H-1, H-2, H-3, H-4, H-5)

6. Institutional (I-1, I-2,*, * I-3, I-4)

7. Mercantile (M)

8. Residential (R-1, R-2, R-3, R-4)

9. Storage (S-1, S-2)

NO Utility and Miscellaneous (U)

* (Institution) : Employees/Visitors other than residential care



Plumbing Fixtures (IBC Table 2902.1)Footnotes

a. The fixtures shown are based on one fixture being the minimum required for the number of persons indicated or any fraction of the number of persons indicated. The number of occupants shall be determined by this code.

b. Toilet facilities for employees shall be separate from facilities for inmates or care recipients.

c. A single-occupant toilet room with one water closet and one lavatory serving not more than two adjacent patient sleeping units shall be permitted where such room is provided with direct access from each patient sleeping unit and with provisions for privacy.

d. The occupant load for seasonal outdoor seating and entertainment areas shall be included when determining the minimum number of facilities required.

e. The minimum number of required drinking fountains shall comply with Table 2902.1 and Chapter 11.

f. Drinking fountains are not required for an occupant load of 15 or fewer.

g. For business and mercantile occupancies with an occupant load of 15 or fewer, service sinks shall not be required.




Footnotes

b. Toilet facilities for employees

shall be separate from facilities

for inmates or care recipients.

Physical Separation

vs.

Signage




Footnotes

c. A single-occupant toilet room with one water closet and one lavatory serving not more than two adjacent patient sleeping units shall be permitted where such room is provided with direct access from each patient sleeping unit and with provisions for privacy.


Guidelines for Design and Construction

of Health Care Facilities (2010)• 2.1-2.2.6 Patient Toilet Room

2.1-2.2.6.1 General

(1) Where required by other sections of the Guidelines, each patient shall have access to a toilet room without

having to enter a corridor.

2.1-2.2.6.2 The toilet room shall serve no more than two patient rooms and no more than four beds.

2.1-2.2.6.3 The toilet room shall contain a toilet and a hand-washing station.

• 2.1-2.7.2 Staff Toilet Room(s)

2.1-2.7.2.1 A staff toilet room shall be readily accessible to each nursing unit for staff use.

2.1-2.7.2.2 Each staff toilet room shall contain a toilet and a hand-washing station.

2.1-2.7.2.3 Each staff toilet room shall be permitted to be unisex.

• 2.2-2.6.8.1 Visitor waiting room

(1) This room shall be designed to accommodate the long stays and stressful conditions common to such

spaces, including provisions for privacy, means to facilitate communications, and toilets that are

readily accessible.




Footnotes

d. The occupant load for seasonal outdoor seating

and entertainment areas shall be included when

determining the minimum number of facilities

required.




Footnotes

e. The minimum number of required drinking fountains shall comply with Table 2902.1 and Chapter 11.

f. Drinking fountains are not required for an occupant load of 15 or fewer.

g. For business and mercantile occupancies with an occupant load of 15 or fewer, service sinks shall not be required.


Urinal Substitution

IPC : SECTION 419 URINALS

419.2 Substitution for water closets.

In each bathroom or toilet room, urinals shall not

be substituted for more than 67 percent of the

required water closets in assembly and educational

occupancies. Urinals shall not be substituted for more

than 50 percent of the required water closets in all

other occupancies.


Chapter 11 – Accessibility (IBC)

SECTION 1109 Other Features And Facilities

1109.5 Drinking fountains.

Where drinking fountains are provided on an

exterior site, on a floor or within a secured area,

the drinking fountains shall be provided in

accordance with Sections 1109.5.1 and

1109.5.2.



1109.5.1 Minimum number.

No fewer than two drinking fountains shall be provided. One drinking fountain shall

comply with the requirements for people who use a wheelchair and one drinking

fountain shall comply with the requirements for standing persons.

Exceptions:

1. A single drinking fountain that complies with the requirements for people who use a wheelchair and standing persons shall be permitted to be substituted for two separate drinking fountains.

2. Where drinking fountains are primarily for children’s use, drinking fountains for people using wheelchairs shall be permitted to comply with the children’s provisions in ICC A117.1 and drinking fountains for standing children shall be permitted to provide the spout at 30 inches (762 mm) minimum above the floor.

NOTE :

• Does not require DF installation … just a high/low criteria

• Does not dictate locations or dispersion


IPC vs. IBC

IPC : SECTION 410 DRINKING FOUNTAINS

[B] 410.2 Minimum number.

Where drinking fountains are required, not fewer than two drinking fountains shall be provided. One drinking fountain shall

comply with the requirements for people who use a wheelchair and one drinking fountain shall comply with the requirements for

standing persons.

Exception: A single drinking fountain that complies with the requirements for people who use a wheelchair and standing persons

shall be permitted to be substituted for two separate drinking fountains.

410.3 Substitution.

Where restaurants provide drinking water in a container free of charge, drinking fountains shall not be required in those

restaurants. In other occupancies, where drinking fountains are required, water coolers or bottled water dispensers shall be

permitted to be substituted for not more than 50 percent of the required number of drinking fountains.

NOTE : This substitution can only be utilized when there are at least (3) DF required. 410.2’s (2) DF requirement is more stringent.

410.4 Prohibited location.

Drinking fountains, water coolers and bottle water dispensers shall not be installed in public restrooms.


ICC A117.1 Requirements

• Just 2” difference between wheelchair and standing



1109.5.2 More than the minimum number.

Where more than the minimum number of drinking fountains specified in Section

1109.5.1 are provided, 50 percent of the total number of drinking fountains provided

shall comply with the requirements for persons who use a wheelchair and 50 percent

of the total number of drinking fountains provided shall comply with the

requirements for standing persons.

Exceptions:

1. Where 50 percent of the drinking fountains yields a fraction, 50 percent shall be permitted to be rounded up or down, provided that the total number of drinking fountains complying with this section equals 100 percent of the drinking fountains.

2. Where drinking fountains are primarily for children’s use, drinking fountains for people using wheelchairs shall be permitted to comply with the children’s provisions in ICC A117.1 and drinking fountains for standing children shall be permitted to provide the spout at 30 inches (762 mm)



1109.5.2 More than the minimum number.

Example :

• (2) DF’s required by IBC 1109.5.1/IPC 410.2

• (3) DF’s Provided

• 50% of (3) = (1.5)

• Round Up = (2) …. Round Down = (1)

• Options– (1) WC DF’s + (2) Standing DF’s

– (2) WC DF’s + (1) Standing DF’s

• (1+2) = (3) Provided > (2) Required = OK



Section 1109 Other Features and Facilities

1109.2 Toilet and bathing facilities.Each toilet room and bathing room shall be accessible. Where a floor level is not required to

be connected by an accessible route, the only toilet rooms or bathing rooms provided

within the facility shall not be located on the inaccessible floor. At least one of each type of

fixture, element, control or dispenser in each accessible toilet room and bathing room shall

be accessible.

1109.3 Sinks.Where sinks are provided, at least 5 percent but not less than one provided in

accessible spaces shall be accessible.

Exception: Mop or service sinks are not required to be accessible.

1109.4 Kitchens and kitchenettes. Where kitchens and kitchenettes are provided in accessible spaces or rooms, they

shall be accessible.



Plumbing Fixtures (IBC Table 2902.1)No. Classification (Occupancy)

1. Assembly (A-1, A-2, A-3, A-4, A-5)

2. Business (B)

3. Educational (E)

4. Factory and Industrial (F-1 & F-2)

5. High Hazard (H-1, H-2, H-3, H-4, H-5)

6. Institutional (I-1, I-2, I-3, I-4)

7. Mercantile (M)

8. Residential (R-1, R-2, R-3, R-4)

9. Storage (S-1 & S-2)

NO Utility and Miscellaneous (U)



• The code does not recognize a “non-

simultaneous use” concept

– Example : Elementary school w/auditorium

• Classrooms = Education occupancy w/a Classroom use

• Auditorium = Education occupancy w/an Assembly use

• Students in classrooms + Visitors attending a performance =

Total Occupant Load

• Plumbing fixture requirements are driven by the

actual use of a bldg or space and not necessarily

by the occupancy group classification.


Where do these ratios come from?

• Office Building– Studies

• Occupancy times

• Staff arrival rates

• Patterns of fixture use

• Bldg Technology Research Laboratory– Probabilities for waiting times

& fixture use times

• Residential

• Dormitories

– US Military

– Simultaneous need in a regimented society• Everyone gets up at the same

time & has limited time to prepare

• Restaurant vs. Nightclub

– National Restaurant Association

• Factory & Storage– Study of factories in Henrico

CO, VA



Plumbing Fixtures (IBC Table 2902.1)Assembly : different Water Closets ratios for Men & Women :

• A-1 (Theatres) : 1 per 125 (M) vs. 1 per 65 (W)

• A-2 (Bars) : 1 per 40 (M) vs. 1 per 40 (W)

• A-2 (Restaurant) : 1 per 75 (M) vs. 1 per 75 (W)

• A-3 (Art Galleries): 1 per 125 (M) vs. 1 per 65(W)

• A-3 (Art Galleries): 1 per 500 (M) vs. 1 per 500(W)

• A-3 (Transportation): 1 per 150 (M) vs. 1 per 75 (W)

• A-4 (Churches): 1 per 75 (M) vs. 1 per 40 (W)

(>1500) (>1520) 1 per 120 (M) vs. 1 per 60 (W)

• A-5 (Outdoor Sports): 1 per 75 (M) vs. 1 per 40 (W)

(>1500) (>1520) 1 per 120 (M) vs. 1 per 60 (W)

Assembly : different Lavatories ratios for Men & Women :

• A-4 (Churches): 1 per 200 (M) vs. 1 per 150 (W)

• A-5 (Outdoor Sports): 1 per 200 (M) vs. 1 per 150 (W)




• WHY ???

– Assembly occupancies have historically had long lines of women

waiting to use toilet facilities.

– WHY ???

• Women take longer to use the facilities (social/physical reasons)

• Women use the facilities more frequently

• Women outnumber Men

• WHY do A-2 (Bars) have the largest WC ratio (1 : 40)?




• Programming

– 60,000 sf, Office building

– Occupancy = Business

– OL = 60K/100 sf per occupant = 600 occupants

• Plumbing Fixtures ???




• IBC Table 2902.1 : Business – 600 Occupants



• Programming : Business – 600 Occupants

• Water Closets = (14) Total = (7) Female + (7) Male

– 1 per 25 for the first 50 and 1 per 50 for the remainder exceeding 50

– (25 x 1/25) + (25 x 1/25) + [(600-50) x 1/50] = 1 + 1 + 11 = (13) / 2 = (6.5)

– (6.5) Female + (6.5) Male = (7) Female + (7) Male = (14)

• Lavatories = (10) Total = (5) Female + (5) Male


– (40 x 1/40) + (40 x 1/40) + [(600-80) x 1/80] = 1 + 1 + 6.5 = 8.5 = (9) / 2 = (4.5)


• Drinking Fountains = (6) Total

– 1 per 100

– 600/100 = (6)

• Service Sink = (1) Total



• Programming : Business – 300 Female Occupants

• Water Closets = (7) Total (Female)– 1 per 25 for the first 50 and 1 per 50 for the remainder exceeding 50

– (25 x 1/25) + (25 x 1/25) + [(300-50) x 1/50] = 1 + 1 + 5 = (7) Checks

• Lavatories = (5) Total (Female)– 1 per 40 for the first 80 and 1 per 80 for the remainder exceeding 80

– (40 x 1/40) + (40 x 1/40) + [(300-80) x 1/80] = 1 + 1 + 2.75 = 4.75 = (5) Checks

• [P] 2902.1.1 Fixture calculations. To determine the occupant load of each sex, the total occupant load shall be divided in half. To determine the required number of fixtures, the fixture ratio or ratios for each fixture type shall be applied to the occupant load of each sex in accordance with Table 2902.1. Fractional numbers resulting from applying the fixture ratios of Table 2902.1 shall be rounded up to the next whole number. For calculations involving multiple occupancies, such fractional numbers for each occupancy shall first be summed and then rounded up to the next whole number.



• Programming

– OL = 60K/100 sf per occupant = 600 occupants

• Schematic Design

– 55,881 sf, Office building

– OL = 55.8K/100 sf per occupant = 559 occupants

– (3) Stories


• Distribution by story?

– WC = (14) Total = (5/5/4) on 1-2-3 stories

– Lavs = (10) Total = (3/3/2) on 1-2-3 stories

– DF = (6) Total = (2) on each story

Locations of toilet facilities

• [P] 2902.3.2 Location of toilet facilities in occupancies other than malls. In occupancies other than covered and open mall buildings, the required public and employee toilet facilities shall be located not more than one story above or below the space required to be provided with toilet facilities, and the path of travel to such facilities shall not exceed a distance of 500 feet (152 m).

Exception: The location and maximum travel distances to required employee facilities in factory and industrial occupancies are permitted to exceed that required by this section, provided that the location and maximum travel distance are approved.


Locations of drinking fountains

• [P] 2902.5 Drinking fountain location. Drinking fountains shall not be required to be located in individual tenant spaces provided that public drinking fountains are located within a travel distance of 500 feet of the most remote location in the tenant space and not more than one story above or below the tenant space. Where the tenant space is in a covered or open mall, such distance shall not exceed 300 feet. Drinking fountains shall be located on an accessible route.


Locations of toilet facilities


Occupant Load (OL) Modifications

• OL = 600

– Business Use

• OL = 869

– Business Use

– Assembly Use

– Other Uses




• Design Development : Occupant Loads• Ground : 369 Occupants

– Assembly : 235

– Business : 369 – 235 = 134

• 1st : 241 Occupants– Assembly : 65

– Business : 241 – 65 = 154

• 2nd : 259 Occupants– Assembly : 78

– Business : 259 – 78 = 181

– Occupant Load : 869 Occupants• Assembly : 235 + 65 + 78 = 378

• Business : 869 – 378 = 491



• Design Development : 869 Occupants (If ALL Business)

• Water Closets = (20) Total = (10) Female + (10) Male


– (25 x 1/25) + (25 x 1/25) + [(869-50) x 1/50] = 1 + 1 + 16.4 = (18.4) = (19)


• Lavatories = (10) Total = (5) Female + (5) Male


– (40 x 1/40) + (40 x 1/40) + [(869-80) x 1/80] = 1 + 1 + 9.9 = 11.9 = (12)

– (6) Female + (6) Male = (12)


– 1 per 100

– 869/100 = (8.7) = (9)



Determining PF : Business

• Design Development : 491 Business Occupants

• Water Closets


– (25 x 1/25) + (25 x 1/25) + [(491-50) x 1/50] = 1 + 1 + 8.8 = 10.8

• Lavatories


– (40 x 1/40) + (40 x 1/40) + [(491-80) x 1/80] = 1 + 1 + 5.1 = 7.1

• Drinking Fountains

– 1 per 100

– 491/100 = 4.9



Determining PF : Assembly

• Design Development : 378 Assembly Occupants (189 F + 189 M)

• Water Closets

– Female : (189) x 1/65 = 2.9

– Male : (189) x 1/125 = 1.5

• Lavatories

– Female : (189) x 1/200 = 1.9

– Male : (189) x 1/200 = 1.9

• Drinking Fountains

– 1 per 500

– 378/500 = 0.8



Determining PF : Assembly + Business

• Design Development : 869 Occupants (491 Business + 378 Assembly)

• Water Closets = (16) Total

– Female: (10.8/2) Business + (2.9) Assembly = (5.4) + (2.9) = (8.3) = (9)

– Male : (10.8/2) Business + (1.5) Assembly = (5.4) + (1.5) = (6.9) = (7)

• Lavatories = (12) Total

– Female : (7.1/2) Business + (1.9) Assembly = (3.6) + (1.9) = (5.4) = (6)

– Male : (7.1/2) Business + (1.9) Assembly = (3.6) + (1.9) = (5.4) = (6)


– (4.9) Business + (0.8) Assembly = (5.7) = (6)


PF Determination Comparison

• 600 Occupants (Programming/SD - Business)

– Water Closets = (7) Female + (7) Male = (14) Total

– Lavatories = (5) Female + (5) Male = (10) Total

– Drinking Fountains = (6) Total

• 869 Occupants (If ALL Business)


– Lavatories = (5) Female + (5) Male = (10) Total


• 869 Occupants (491 Business + 378 Assembly)


– Lavatories = (6) Females + (6) Males = (12) Total




(Math vs. Excel Spreadsheets)



(Math vs. Excel Spreadsheet “A”)• MATH

• 600 Occupants– (If ALL Business)

– WC’s = (7) Female + (7) Male = (14) Total

– Lavs = (5) Female + (5) Male = (10) Total

– DF’s = (6) Total

• 869 Occupants – (If ALL Business)




• 869 Occupants – (491 Business + 378 Assembly)


– Lavs = (6) Females + (6) Males = (12) Total


• SPREADSHEET “A”









• 869 Occupants – (491 Business + 378 Assembly A-3)

– WC’c = (8) Female + (9) Male = (17) Total





(Math vs. Excel Spreadsheets “B”)



(Math vs. Excel Spreadsheet “B”)• MATH













• SPREADSHEET “B”















(Math vs. Excel Spreadsheets “C”)



(Math vs. Excel Spreadsheet “C”)• MATH













• SPREADSHEET “C”














Plumbing Fixtures : ACTUAL

• Ground Level– Water Closets = (4) Female + [(3) WC + (2) Urinals] Male = (9)

– Lavatories = (2) Female + (3) Male = (5)

– Drinking Fountains = (0)

• 1st Level– Water Closets = (4) Female + [(3) WC + (2) Urinals] Male = (9)

– Lavatories = (2) Female + (3) Male = (5)


• 2nd Level– Water Closets = (4+2) Female + [(3+1) WC + (2+1) Urinals] Male = (13)

– Lavatories = (2+1) Female + (3+1) Male = (7)


• TOTALS– Water Closets = (14) Female + [(10) WC + (7) Urinals] Male = (31) Total > (16) Req’d OK

– Lavatories = (7) Female + (10) Male = (17) Total > (12) Req’d OK

– Drinking Fountains = (2) Total < (6) = Deficient (?)


F L A D C O D E F O R U M

T H A N K Y O U F O R

AT T E N D I N G


plumbing systems - determining required fixtures

Engineering