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    Presenter

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    1. To discuss a brief background about Plato.

    2. To discuss Platosdistinction between bodyand soul.

    3. To understand the relation of the Allegory ofthe Cave to Platos Philosophy of the humanperson.

    4. To explain the importance of education in thelife of the human person.

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    PLATO (c. 427-348 B.C. E.)

    Plato (c.427-348 B.C.E.)is actually the nicknameof Aristocles.

    Greek philosopher whowas the pupil of Socratesand the teacher ofAristotle.

    Born in Athens, Greece in427 BC.

    Came from a very wealthyfamily.

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    He founded the first university hisAcademy (near Athens) in around 385BC.

    His best known work was The Republic,which featured The Allegory of the Cave.

    Died in 347 B.C.E.

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    Family

    Plato's father was Ariston and mother

    was Perictione, whose family boasted of a

    relationship with the famousAthenian lawmaker and lyric poet Solon.

    Besides Plato himself, Ariston and Perictione had

    three other children; twosons, Adeimantus and Glaucon, and a

    daughter, Potone.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariston_(Athenian)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perictionehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adeimantus_of_Collytushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glauconhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glauconhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adeimantus_of_Collytushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perictionehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariston_(Athenian)
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    Platos contributions to society were:

    Knowledge is concrete and practical.

    Doctrine of Platonism means theory of

    general terms such as justice, peace

    and knowledge.

    Social justice pertains to giving credit

    where credit is due.

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    According to PLATO human beingsconsisted of two distinct entities, body andsoul.

    The body is completely physical andmaterialistic, being of this world.

    The soul which is infused at each birthinto the body is immortal, and spiritual,

    and is our true self.

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    Plato believed that a human was

    comprised of a body, which is physical,and a soul, which is spiritual.

    Dualist approach Made distinction

    between the two

    Soul

    Body

    ( Ideal World )

    ( Phenomenal world)

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    Theory of the Soul

    The soul is a non-material

    thing.

    The soul is capable ofindependent existence and

    functioning.

    It survives the death &

    destruction of the body. The soul is the real

    person.

    Theory of the ody

    The body is a material

    thing.

    The body is capable ofindependent existence,

    but not functioning

    existing after death.

    The body is not the realperson.

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    Cont:

    Theory of the Soul

    Soul has ability to know the

    truth and to understand the

    Forms as they really are

    through reason.

    The soul is capable of certain

    knowledge - the soul must

    therefore be unchanging and it

    is therefore immortal not only

    existing after death but also pre

    existing before birth.

    Theory of the ody

    Body in contrast is physical

    and can learn only through

    physical sense experience.

    The body is in a constant

    state of change and

    therefore cannot be the

    source of knowledge.

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    In Platosview the soul has three parts namely:

    ( logical mind)

    (relates to our physical needs) (emotional motive for our

    behaviour )

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    Three basic instincts which animateus into action.

    Reason is the highest and superiorof the three elements. It allows usto gain knowledge, distinguish fromright and wrong and understand theforms.

    Encourage us to look after thephysical needs of our body need to

    be kept in check.

    Allows us to love, inspires us to act outof courage needs to be kept in check

    or we become reckless and conceited.

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    On Plato's view a human being is properly

    said to be just when the three souls

    perform their proper functions in harmony

    with each other, working in consonancefor the good of the person as a whole.

    http://www.philosophypages.com/dy/j.htmhttp://www.philosophypages.com/dy/j.htm
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    In the Republic, Plato described

    humanity as imprisoned in a cave and

    mistaking shadowson the wall for reality;

    he regarded the philosopher as theperson who penetrates the world outside

    the cave of ignorance and achieves a

    vision of the true reality, the realm of

    Ideas.

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    ( Myth of the Cave )

    is a hypothetical scenario, described by

    Plato, in the form of an enlightening

    conversation between Socrates and hisbrother, Glaucon. The conversation

    basically deals with the ignorance of

    humanity trapped in the conventional ethics

    formed by society.

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    Plato uses this story to illustrate howhuman nature is for us to believe and

    accept reality as what we have become

    accustomed to. However, as the allegory

    proves, reality is not always what itseems. Plato even goes further to explain

    how this one prisoner, when he finally

    accepts the truth of reality, tries to tell

    the other prisoners and lead them out of

    the cave.

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    In the allegory of the cave, Plato says that,

    most mankind, this allegory would suggest,

    dwells in the darkness of the cave. They

    have oriented their thoughts around theblurred world of shadow. It is the function of

    educ tion to lead men out of the cave into

    the world of light.

    Education was always extremely importantto Plato.

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    Educationis the conversion that leads us

    out of the dark of the cave into the light.This is a type of awakening, once we are

    enlightened, we recollect, develop

    knowledge, seek genuine well-being,

    happiness, and virtue.

    Plato believed like many other

    philosophers that if our mind was not set

    on the goal of real knowledge, then wewill not achieve wisdom or true

    knowledge.

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    Education is the process of learning andknowing, which is not restricted to ourschool text-books. It is a holistic processand continues through our life. Even theregular happenings and events around useducate us, in one or the other way. Theexistence of human beings is fruitlesswithout education. An educated person hasthe ability to change the world, as he/she isbrimming with confidence and assured ofmaking the right moves.

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    Makes Better Citizens

    Ensures a Productive Future

    Opens New Vistas

    Spreads Awareness

    Helps in Decision Making

    Bolsters Confidence

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    References:

    - Brickhouse, Thomas and Smith, Nicholas D. Plato (c.427-347 BC), TheInternet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, University of Tennessee.

    - Lorenz, Hendrik (22 April 2009). "Ancient Theories of Soul". Stanford

    Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

    - McNeill, David (2010). An Image of the Soul in Speech. University Park:

    Pennsylvania State University Press.

    - Plato. "Book I Line 344c." Plato Republic. Indianapolis: Hackett, 2004.

    - Plato: The Republic. Plato - His Philosophy and his life,allphilosophers.com

    Online References:

    www. slideshare.com

    www.youtube.com

    http://www.iep.utm.edu/p/plato.htmhttp://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ancient-soul/http://www.allphilosophers.com/http://www.allphilosophers.com/http://www.allphilosophers.com/http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ancient-soul/http://www.iep.utm.edu/p/plato.htmhttp://www.iep.utm.edu/p/plato.htmhttp://www.iep.utm.edu/p/plato.htm
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    Activity:

    Describe other "caves in modernlife in which people might be

    "imprisoned" or feel "imprisoned".