Hasimah Azit

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen,

nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, potassium,

calcium, magnesium

chlorine, iron, boron, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum, nickel

Soil

Determines plant growth & variety Composition/horizons:

topsoil (rock particles, living organisms, humus-partially decayed organic material)

loams (equal amounts of sand, silt, and clay)

List the importance of macronutrient and micronutrient for healthy plant growth

Deficiency

Nitrogen deficiency

Potassium deficiency

Ferum deficiency

Manganese deficiency

Photosynthesis is the process by which organisms convert solar energy to chemical energy

History of photosynthesis

Leaves organization

What conclusion can you make from these picture?

How the leaves are arranged to maximize exposure to light?

Leaf structure

chloroplast

Stoma

Draw and label the cross section of the leaf

Chloroplast

Contain green pigment called chlorophyll

to absorb light

High density of the chloroplast in palisade mesophyll.

Xylem : Transport water absorb by root to the leaf

Phloem : Transport organic material produce by

photosynthesis from the leaf

Veins

Stomata and guard cell

Gas exchange

Carbon dioxide from atmosphere diffuses into the leaf

Oxygen diffuses out The opening controlled by guard cell

How the plant from different habitat adapted to carry out photosynthesis?

Desert plant problems: Too dry – not enough water Too hot – so much sunlight/ loss of water

Succulent stem – store water Less / no leaves – less transpiration Sunken stomata – less transpiration

Water plant problems: Too much water Not enough light

Big wide spread leaves Float Stomata on top

1.10 Understanding photosynthesisA student is able to: Describe the development that leads to the discovery of photosynthesis State the substances required and the substances produced from photosynthesis Draw and label the cross-section of a leaf State the function of each part of the leaf with respect to photosynthesis Explain how plants from different habitats are adapted to carry out photosynthesis 1.11 Understanding the mechanism of photosynthesisA student is able to: Identify parts of chloroplast related to photosynthesis Explain the light and dark reactions of photosynthesis, compare and contrast, relate both the

reactions Write the equation representing the proses of photosynthesis 1.12 Synthesising factors affecting photosynthesisA student is able to: Identify factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis Identify the factor that limits the rate of photosynthesis at different light intensity Explain the effects of temperature and concentration of carbon dioxide on the rate of

photosynthesis Explain the difference in the rate of photosynthesis in plants throughout the day based on the

changes in light intensiy and temperature Explain some ways of meeting the need of increasing the productivity of crops 1.13 Practising a caring attitude towards plantsA student is able to: Tell why we need to take good care of plants Identify cases of mishandling or destruction of plants 1.14 Understanding the technology used in food productionA student is able to: Explain the need for improving the quality and quantity of food Explain the effort to diversify food production Explain ways to improve the quality and quantity of food production in the country

Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplast

Two stages: light reaction – need light – in granadark reaction – happen in light or dark – in stroma

Light reaction Occurs only in the presence of light, in grana Chlorophyll captures light and become exited Electron leaves the chlorophyll. Light energy causes the water molecules to

split into hydrogen ions and hydroxyl ions Photolysis of water

Hydrogen ion receives electron from chlorophyll and become atom

Hydroxyl ion gives electron to chlorophyll.

ATP and hydrogen atom move to the stroma

Hydrogen atom will react with carbon dioxide to form sugar

Photosynthetic enzyme involves[CH2O] is the basic unit for glucose

6H2O + 6CO2

C6H12O6

Discuss the differences light reaction and dark reaction:

Design an experiment!

Factors Affecting Photosynthesis

Light intensityConcentration of carbon dioxide

Temperature

Improving food productiongroup discussion and presentation: Diversify food production Improve quality Improve quantity