Plant & Animal Plant & Animal CellsCells

The Discovery of CellsThe Discovery of Cells

Robert Hooke in 1663 looked at plant Robert Hooke in 1663 looked at plant cells under a microscope and thought cells under a microscope and thought they looked like the cells monks lived in they looked like the cells monks lived in within their monasteries.within their monasteries.

As our microscopes became more As our microscopes became more powerful over the years, we have powerful over the years, we have learned a great deal more about the learned a great deal more about the inner workings of the cell.inner workings of the cell.

Cell TheoryCell Theory

The cell theory outlines the importance The cell theory outlines the importance of cell to living things.of cell to living things.

1.1. Cells are the basic structures that make up Cells are the basic structures that make up living things.living things.

2.2. Cells dictate the function of living things.Cells dictate the function of living things.

3.3. All cells come from preexisting cells.All cells come from preexisting cells.

The average human body contains The average human body contains between 10-100 trillion cells.between 10-100 trillion cells.

100,000,000,000,000 cells!!!100,000,000,000,000 cells!!!

Cell OrganellesCell Organelles A cell is like our body in that it has a number of parts that A cell is like our body in that it has a number of parts that

must all work together in order for the cell to function must all work together in order for the cell to function properly.properly.

These little parts within the cell are called organelles (little These little parts within the cell are called organelles (little organs).organs).

Organelles look after a number of jobs within the cell such Organelles look after a number of jobs within the cell such as…as… Intake of nutrientsIntake of nutrients MovementMovement GrowthGrowth ResponsivenessResponsiveness Gas exchangeGas exchange Waste excretionWaste excretion ReproductionReproduction

Cell MembraneCell Membrane The The cell cell

membranemembrane is a is a protective barrier protective barrier around the cell.around the cell.

It controls what It controls what goes into or out goes into or out of the cell.of the cell.

Security!!!Security!!!

CytoplasmCytoplasm The The cytoplasmcytoplasm is is

a jelly-like a jelly-like substance that fills substance that fills the cell and the cell and surrounds the surrounds the organelles.organelles.

It contains the It contains the nutrients that the nutrients that the cell needs to cell needs to survive.survive.

The Work The Work Place!!!Place!!!

NucleusNucleus The The nucleusnucleus is the is the

control centre of control centre of the cell. It controls the cell. It controls all cell actvities.all cell actvities.

The nucleus is The nucleus is where you will find where you will find the DNA for the the DNA for the cell.cell.

Nucleolus inside.Nucleolus inside. The Boss!!!The Boss!!!

MitochondriaMitochondria The mitochondria The mitochondria

produce energy for produce energy for the cell.the cell.

Cellular Cellular RespirationRespiration

Sugar Sugar ATP!!! ATP!!! Powerhouses!!!Powerhouses!!!

RibosomesRibosomes RibosomesRibosomes are the are the

tiny protein builders tiny protein builders within the cell.within the cell.

Proteins are the Proteins are the “working molecules” “working molecules” of the body.of the body.

Workers!!!Workers!!!

Golgi ApparatusGolgi Apparatus The The Golgi Golgi

apparatusapparatus modifies, sorts and modifies, sorts and packages proteins packages proteins for delivery within or for delivery within or out of the cell.out of the cell.

The Golgi makes The Golgi makes vesicles for vesicles for transport.transport.

Shipping & Shipping & Receiving!!!Receiving!!!

Endoplasmic ReticulumEndoplasmic Reticulum The ER is a series The ER is a series

of tubes made of of tubes made of the same stuff as the same stuff as the cell membrane.the cell membrane.

Rough ER helps Rough ER helps make proteins with make proteins with the ribosomes.the ribosomes.

Smooth ER makes Smooth ER makes fats and oils.fats and oils.

Vacuoles & VesiclesVacuoles & Vesicles VacuolesVacuoles and and

vesiclesvesicles store store nutrients, waste and nutrients, waste and other substances.other substances.

Vesicles can also be Vesicles can also be used for transporting used for transporting substances in the substances in the cell.cell.

Storage rooms & Storage rooms & Boxes!!!Boxes!!!

LysosomesLysosomes Lysosomes digest Lysosomes digest

materials in the cell materials in the cell using enzymes.using enzymes.

The breakdown The breakdown invaders and old invaders and old parts of the cell.parts of the cell.

Bouncers & Bouncers & Recyclers!!!Recyclers!!!

CytoskeletonCytoskeleton The cytoskeleton is The cytoskeleton is

made of protein made of protein filaments and filaments and helps the cell helps the cell maintain its shape.maintain its shape.

Structure equals Structure equals Function!!!Function!!!

Iron Girders!!!Iron Girders!!!

Cell WallCell Wall The The cell wallcell wall is is

only in plant cells only in plant cells and it is a rigid and it is a rigid frame that provides frame that provides strength, protection strength, protection and support.and support.

The Great The Great Wall!!!Wall!!!

ChloroplastsChloroplasts The The chloroplastchloroplast is is

only in plants and it only in plants and it carries out the carries out the process of process of photosynthesisphotosynthesis..

They make They make glucoseglucose…sugar!!!…sugar!!!

Solar Panels!!!Solar Panels!!!

Animal CellsAnimal Cells

Plant CellsPlant Cells

Who has both plant and Who has both plant and animal cells???animal cells???