planck's constant

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PLANCK’S CONSTANTBY B.TECH 2ND SEM, GROUP – I, PARMINDER SINGH, SAHIL DHIMAN, SIMRAN BANSAL

INDUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITYV.P.O. Bathu, Tehsil Haroli, Distt. Una, Himachal Pradesh-174301, India.Tel:9318797101/2/3

E-Mail:[email protected] Website:www.iiuedu.in


INTRODUCTION

• Planck’s constant, (symbol h), fundamental physical constant characteristic of the mathematical formulations of quantum mechanics, which describes the behavior of particles and waves on the atomic scale, including the particle aspect of light. It is given by German physicist Max Planck in 1900.

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/462917/Plancks-constant


PHYSICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PLANCK CONSTANT

• The significance of Planck’s constant in this context is that radiation, such as light, is emitted, transmitted, and absorbed in discrete energy packets, or quanta, determined by the frequency of the radiation and the value of Planck’s constant. The energy E of each quantum, or each photon, equals Planck’s constant h times the radiation frequency symbolized by the Greek letter nu, ν, or simply .



REDUCED PLANCK CONSTANT

• The reduced plank constant is the modified value of plank constant and represented by ℏ and also known as quantization of angular momentum;



ACTION OF PLANCK CONSTANT

• The dimension of Planck’s constant is the product of energy multiplied by time, a quantity called action. Planck’s constant is often defined, therefore, as the elementary quantum of action. Its value in metre-kilogram-second units is 6.62606957 × 10−34 joule second, with a standard uncertainty of 0.00000029 × 10−34 joule second.


APPLICATIONS OF PLANCK CONSTANT

• Planck constant has been used in various calculation and mainly it is used to:

1. Calculate energy.

2. Calculation of wavelength of matter wave in debroglie equation.

3. Calculation in uncertainty principle:


TO CALCULATE OF PLANCK CONSTANT

Apparatus:1. One continuously variable and overload short circuit protected DC regulated power

supply of 0-1V with output brought out in 4mm socket.

2. Two Nos. of digital panel meter(Voltmeter and Currentmeter are provided on front panel).

3. Vacuum type photocell mounted in a wooden box with a window to expose the cathode area of photocell and to insert different filters with connections brought out at 4mm socket.

4. Lamp holder with 100W lamp

5. Wooden planck with a half meter scale


PRINCIPLE……..

Photocell is very sensitive to light. When light is incident on the photocell electrons are emitted which flows in direction opposite to light rays.


CIRCUIT DIAGRAM


PROCEDURE…….

1. Make all the connections as shown in pic using patch cords. Voltmeter is internally connected to power supply. Connect positive socket of power supply of cathode of photocell (Black socket), anode of photocell to positive terminal of micro meter, negative terminal of micrometer(Black socket) to negative terminal of power supply

2. Switch on the power supply using on/off switch toggle switch provided on the front panel. Note that voltage should be zero.


PROCEDURE…….

3. Place lamp holder and photocell on wooden planck facing each other and switch on the lamp adjust its position and distance such that micrometer gives a sufficient current.

4. Insert any one of filter in window provided from the filter in photocell assembly.

5. Notedown the readings for microampmeter for volts, start increases voltage in small steps and note down the corresponding values of microampmeter. For a particular value of cathode voltage the microampmeter reading will be zero, this voltage is stoping potential for that particular filter.


PROCEDURE…….

6. Change the filter and repeats step 5

7. Plot a graph between voltage and current for different filters

8. Repeat the steps from 3 to 7 for different positions of lamp.


CALCULATIONS….

1. Note down the stoping potentials of all three filters and mark them as V1, V2 and V3

2. Note down the wave lengths of all of the three lights Red, Blue and Green and mark it as 1, 2 and 3

3. Calculate the values of planck’s constant for all filters as h1, h2 and h3 by using following fourmulae:

, ,

4. Now calculate the average of h1, h2 and h3 and we will get our final result:


THANK YOU

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