MANY MANY HAPPY RETURNS TO OUR PSYCHE

S. FEROZ

PLAGUE

PROBLEMSTATEMENT

HISTORY

BYC P

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PLAGUE….

CAUSED BY YERSINIA PESTIS

ZOONOTIC DISEASE

SPREADS EPIZOOTICALY,ENZOOTICALLY, SPORADICALLY

VECTOR:- XENOPSYLLA CHEOPSIS

“Ring Around The Rosy

A Pocket Full Of Posies

Ashes, AshesAll Fall Down”

HISTORY…THE TERM PLAGUE IS USED IN,

•BIBLE

•BHAGWAT PURAN IN 1500-800BC

•MAHAMARI-GREAT DEATH

3 PANDEMICS• JUSTINIAN PLAGUE:- In CONSTANTINOPLE Killed 5000 people in 541-547AD

• BLACK DEATH:- The Deadliest in the world Killed 75 million in 14th century• THIRD PANDEMIC:-12 million died in YUNNAN ofChina in 19th Century

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BLACK DEATH

PLAGUE DOCTOR

Physician who treated patients with plague. . .

BY Yersin and Kitasato at Hong Kong in 1894.

Yersin , a student of Louis Pasteur.

Kitasato , a student of Robert Koch.

DISCOVERY…

DISCOVERY…

Transmission by rat fleawas discovered by Paul Louis Simond in 1897

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ATravelled through Karachi and Bombay to study the mode of transmission

DISCOVERY…

Georges GIRARD and Jean-Marie ROBIC discovered vaccine for plague in 1930’s

Was a live vaccine developed from avirulent yersinia

• In 1900, Plague confirmed in San Francisco, called the “Yellow Peril”

• 1907-1909 San Francisco plague epidemic.

• Class 1 quarantinable disease (WHO)

• Denoted as reportable disease

IN SAN FRANCISCO

PROBLEM STATEMENT

TOTAL CASES: 47.1 Billion deaths in 10 Asian countries

MORTALITY RATES: Asia 54.6%, Africa 34.4%, America 11.0%.

YEARS: Highest incidence 1967–1971

WHO Plague Statistics

In INDIA…Annual mortality rate was5lakhs in 1898-1908A menace upto 1940In 1960, U.P & M.P were made Plague freeRe-occurred in 1994

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AA

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9Last cases…Reported in Srilanka-1938 Thailand-1952 Nepal-1968 Myanmar-1994 India-2002

‘ll be back..