pipe rack rack piping

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PIPE RACK / WAYS&

RACK PIPING By, Akshaya Sharma

Associate Engineer Piping Department

Date – 16th Nov 2006

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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

PIPE RACKPIPE RACK Pipe Rack design criteriaPipe Rack design criteria

ShapesShapes Future SpaceFuture Space Width of Pipe RackWidth of Pipe Rack ClearanceClearance

Pipe Rack LoadingPipe Rack Loading

RACK PIPINGRACK PIPING Positions of Lines (Process & Utilities)Positions of Lines (Process & Utilities) Hot Lines & Cold LinesHot Lines & Cold Lines Bigger Size LinesBigger Size Lines Pipe SpacingPipe Spacing Anchor BayAnchor Bay Unit Battery LimitUnit Battery Limit Expansion LoopsExpansion Loops Pipe RoutePipe Route TraysTrays

ContentsContents

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A pipe rack is the main artery of a process unit. It connects all equiA pipe rack is the main artery of a process unit. It connects all equipment with lines that cannot run through adjacent areas. Because ipment with lines that cannot run through adjacent areas. Because it is located in the middle of the most plants, the pipe rack must be t is located in the middle of the most plants, the pipe rack must be erected first, before it becomes obstructed by rows of equipment. Perected first, before it becomes obstructed by rows of equipment. Pipe racks carry process, utility piping and also include instrument aipe racks carry process, utility piping and also include instrument and electrical cable trays as well as equipment mounted over all of tnd electrical cable trays as well as equipment mounted over all of these.hese.

The primary data required for detailed development of a pipe rack :-The primary data required for detailed development of a pipe rack :- Plot PlanPlot Plan P&ID’sP&ID’s Client SpecificationClient Specification Construction MaterialsConstruction Materials Fire proofing requirementsFire proofing requirements Statutory requirementsStatutory requirements

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

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ShapesShapes There are various shapes of pipe rack like L/T/U/H/Z. These sThere are various shapes of pipe rack like L/T/U/H/Z. These s

hapes shall be considered based on the area available.hapes shall be considered based on the area available.

Future SpaceFuture Space The total width of the pipe rack shall include 25% extra space fThe total width of the pipe rack shall include 25% extra space f

or future expansion/modification in unit for rack-width upto 16or future expansion/modification in unit for rack-width upto 16m and 10% for rack-width above 16m. The future space %age im and 10% for rack-width above 16m. The future space %age is normally based on the client requirements.s normally based on the client requirements.

Width of Pipe rackWidth of Pipe rack The width of the rack shall be 6m, 8m or 10m for single bay anThe width of the rack shall be 6m, 8m or 10m for single bay an

d 12m, 16m or 20m for double bay having 4 tiers maximum. Td 12m, 16m or 20m for double bay having 4 tiers maximum. The spacing between pipe rack portals shall be taken as 6m in he spacing between pipe rack portals shall be taken as 6m in general. However it can be increased to 8m depending on the sgeneral. However it can be increased to 8m depending on the size of the pumps to be housed below pipe rack.ize of the pumps to be housed below pipe rack.

PIPE RACK DESIGN CRITERIAPIPE RACK DESIGN CRITERIA

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RACK WIDTH SELECTION CRITERIARACK WIDTH SELECTION CRITERIA

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DIFFERENT SHAPES OF PIPE RACKSDIFFERENT SHAPES OF PIPE RACKS

DEAD END YARD LINES ENTER & DEAD END YARD LINES ENTER & LEAVE ONE END OF THE RACKLEAVE ONE END OF THE RACK

STRAIGHT THROUGH YARD LINES STRAIGHT THROUGH YARD LINES CAN ENTER & LEAVE BOTH ENDS CAN ENTER & LEAVE BOTH ENDS OF THE RACKOF THE RACK

L-SHAPED YARD LINES CAN ENTEL-SHAPED YARD LINES CAN ENTER & LEAVE NORTH & EAST OF THR & LEAVE NORTH & EAST OF THE RACKE RACK

T-SHAPED RACK PIPING CAN ENTT-SHAPED RACK PIPING CAN ENTER & LEAVE THREE SIDES OF THE ER & LEAVE THREE SIDES OF THE RACKRACK

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DIFFERENT SHAPES OF PIPE RACKSDIFFERENT SHAPES OF PIPE RACKS

COMPBINATION OF I & T SHAPED COMPBINATION OF I & T SHAPED RACKRACK

U-SHAPED YARD LINE CAN ENTER U-SHAPED YARD LINE CAN ENTER & LEAVE ALL FOUR SIDES OF THE & LEAVE ALL FOUR SIDES OF THE RACKRACK

COMPLEX RACK PIPING ARRANGEMENT COMPLEX RACK PIPING ARRANGEMENT FOR VERY LARGE CHEMICAL PLANTFOR VERY LARGE CHEMICAL PLANT

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ClearanceClearance For units, clearance beneath pipe rack For units, clearance beneath pipe rack

shall be 4m minimum both in longitudinal shall be 4m minimum both in longitudinal and transverse directions.and transverse directions.

For Offsite, clearance beneath pipe rack For Offsite, clearance beneath pipe rack shall be 2.2m minimum both in shall be 2.2m minimum both in longitudinal and transverse directions.longitudinal and transverse directions.

Road clearance shall be 7m for main road Road clearance shall be 7m for main road and 5m for secondary road.and 5m for secondary road.


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Pipe rack loads shall be given by stress group to Civil Pipe rack loads shall be given by stress group to Civil & structural discipline for pipe rack design.& structural discipline for pipe rack design.

Sustain Load (Dead Load)Sustain Load (Dead Load) Weight of piping, valve and load insulationWeight of piping, valve and load insulation

Thermal LaodThermal Laod Load by thermal expansion of piping & Reaction force by iLoad by thermal expansion of piping & Reaction force by i

nternal pressure of expansion bellowsnternal pressure of expansion bellows

Dynamic LaodDynamic Laod Load by vibration of piping & by wind and earthquakeLoad by vibration of piping & by wind and earthquake

Sustained Load (Live Load)Sustained Load (Live Load) Liquid load for hydrostatic pressure testLiquid load for hydrostatic pressure test

PIPE RACK LOADING PIPE RACK LOADING

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Position of LinesPosition of Lines Predominantly process lines are to be kept at loPredominantly process lines are to be kept at lo

wer tier and, utility & hot process lines on upper wer tier and, utility & hot process lines on upper tier.tier.

Hot Lines & Cold LinesHot Lines & Cold Lines Generally hot lines & cold lines are to kept at difGenerally hot lines & cold lines are to kept at dif

ferent tiers or at different groups on a tier.ferent tiers or at different groups on a tier.

Pipe SpacingPipe Spacing Minimum spacing between adjacent lines shall be decideMinimum spacing between adjacent lines shall be decide

d based on O.D. of bigger size flange (minimum rating 30d based on O.D. of bigger size flange (minimum rating 300# to be considered), O.D. of the smaller pipe, individual i0# to be considered), O.D. of the smaller pipe, individual insulation thickness and additional 25mm clearance. Even nsulation thickness and additional 25mm clearance. Even if flange is not appearing the min. spacing shall be based if flange is not appearing the min. spacing shall be based on above basis only. Actual line spacing, especially at ‘L’ on above basis only. Actual line spacing, especially at ‘L’ bend and loop locations, shall take care thermal expansiobend and loop locations, shall take care thermal expansion/thermal contraction/non-expansion of adjacent line. Non/thermal contraction/non-expansion of adjacent line. Non-expansion/thermal contraction may stop the free expann-expansion/thermal contraction may stop the free expansion of the adjacent line at ‘L’ bend location.sion of the adjacent line at ‘L’ bend location.

RACK PIPINGRACK PIPING

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Bigger Size LinesBigger Size Lines Large size lines (14” and larger) shall be arranged close to Large size lines (14” and larger) shall be arranged close to

the column in order to decrease the bending moment of bethe column in order to decrease the bending moment of beam. Water lines more than 30” shall not be routed over pipam. Water lines more than 30” shall not be routed over pipe rack, these shall be routed underground.e rack, these shall be routed underground.

Anchor BayAnchor Bay Anchors on the racks are to be provided on the anchor bay Anchors on the racks are to be provided on the anchor bay

if the concept of anchor bay is adopted. Otherwise anchor if the concept of anchor bay is adopted. Otherwise anchor shall be distributed over two to three consecutive bays.shall be distributed over two to three consecutive bays.

Anchors shall be provided within unit on all hot lines leavinAnchors shall be provided within unit on all hot lines leaving the unit.g the unit.

Pipe RoutePipe Route Racks shall be designed to give the piping shortest possiblRacks shall be designed to give the piping shortest possibl

e run and to provide clear head rooms over main walkways, e run and to provide clear head rooms over main walkways, secondary walkways and platforms.secondary walkways and platforms.


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TraysTrays Generally top tier is to be kept for Electrical cable trays (if nGenerally top tier is to be kept for Electrical cable trays (if n

ot provided in underground trench) and Instrument cable duot provided in underground trench) and Instrument cable ducts/trays. Cable tray laying to take care of necessary clearcts/trays. Cable tray laying to take care of necessary clearances for the fire proofing of structure.ances for the fire proofing of structure.

Battery Limit (ISBL)Battery Limit (ISBL) Process lines crossing units (within units or from unit to mProcess lines crossing units (within units or from unit to m

ain pipeway) are normally provided with a block valve, specain pipeway) are normally provided with a block valve, spectacle blind and drain valve. Block valves are to be grouped tacle blind and drain valve. Block valves are to be grouped and locations of block valves in vertical run of pipe are prefand locations of block valves in vertical run of pipe are preffered. If the block valves have to be located in an overhead fered. If the block valves have to be located in an overhead pipe-way, staircase access to a platform above the lines spipe-way, staircase access to a platform above the lines shall be provided.hall be provided.


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EXPANSION LOOPSEXPANSION LOOPS

MAKE LINES INTO A GROUP AND INSTALL A LAMAKE LINES INTO A GROUP AND INSTALL A LARGE SIZE PIPING AND HIGH TEMPERATURE PIPRGE SIZE PIPING AND HIGH TEMPERATURE PIPING TO THE EDGE OF THE RACKING TO THE EDGE OF THE RACK

Expansion loop is provided on the high Expansion loop is provided on the high temperature lines. This information shall temperature lines. This information shall be given by stress group. All the loops be given by stress group. All the loops shall be located around one column only.shall be located around one column only.

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EXPANSION LOOPSEXPANSION LOOPS

When necessary to install an expansion loop on the coWhen necessary to install an expansion loop on the condensate line, do it horizontally to prevent water hammndensate line, do it horizontally to prevent water hammering. But do as above if horizontal loop is impossible.ering. But do as above if horizontal loop is impossible.

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THANK YOUTHANK YOU

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