pine wilt disease

Monochamus galloprovincialis and Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

13/04/2023

Juan José Mena Costa

PINE WILT DISEASE


13/04/2023Monochamus galloprovincialis and Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

INTRODUCTION

ORIGIN: North America( Canada, Mexico, USA)

INTRODUCED: Far EastHong Kong , Japan, China, Korea

Europa Portugal

ITS NOT AN EPIDEMIC

QUARANTINE PEST

IDEAL CONDITIONS

MILD CLIMATE

ABUNDANCE OF FOOD

SCATTERING MEDIUM

Pine wilt disease


PINE SAWYER BEETLE

Monochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier, 1795) •Order: COLEOPTERA•Family: CERAMBYCIDAE•Genus: Monochamus Eurosiberian distribution.•Specie: M. galloprovincialis

♀

♂

SIZE APPROX. 15-25 mm .

COLORATION BLACK - BROWN .

YELLOWISH BROWN IRREGULAR SPOTS.

MALE ♂ LEGS LONGER AND THICKER .♀

ANTENNAE ♂ VERY LONG EXCEEDING ELYTRA.

FEEDING XILOPHAGOUS, DEAD OR DECADENT TREES.

DISTRIBUTION EUROSIBERIAN.

ATTACKED SPECIES CONIFERS.

INVERTEBRATE, CYLINDRICAL WORM < 1 mm in length.

DEVELOPMENT INSIDE CONIFEROUS WOOD.

FOUR LARVAL STAGES OF PROPAGATION (J1, J2, J3, J4)

+ DAUER LARVAE OF DISPERSION (LD) .

FEEDING EPITHELIAL CELLS RESIN DUCTS.

MYCOPHAGOUS. (Ceratocistus sp.)

NEED FOR VECTOR TO BE DISPERSED GENERALLY GEN. Monochamus

SPECIES ATTACKED

+ SUSCEPTIBLES (P. sylvestris, P. nigra y P. pinaster)

- SUSCEPTIBILITY. (P. pinea, P.halepensis y P. radiata) Juan José Mena Costa


PINEWOOD NEMATODE

Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner et Buhrer)Nickle et al.Class: NEMATODAOrder: APHELENCHIDAFamily: APHELENCHOIDIDAEGenus: BURSAPHELENCHUS



LIFE CICLE AND BIOLOGY



Damages

M. galloprivincialis Doesn’t cause damages

B. Xylophilus Sudden death of pines in 30-40 days. Early summer yellowing of trees End of summer reddish-brown needles (Dies)



• Law 43/2002 of November 20, plant health.• Law 43/2003 of November 21 of forest• Royal Decree 58/2005 protective measures against the introduction

and spread of organisms harmful to plants.• Royal Decree 1190/1998 national eradication or control of harmful

organisms.• Council Directive 2000/29/EC, protective measures against the

introduction of organisms harmful to plants.• Commission Decision 2006/133/EC of additional measures against

the dissemination of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus• Amended by: Commission Decision 2008/340/CE of 25th April , 2008. Commission Decision 2008/378/EC of 15th May 2008. Commission Decision 2008/684/CE of 19th August , 2008. Commission Decision 2008/790/CE of 7th October , 2008.

LEGAL ACTION



NIMF 15 NORM

GUIDELINES FOR REGULATING WOOD PACKAGING MATERIAL IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Countries object: outside EC and Portugal

Heat treatment Methyl bromure treatment

56ºC minimun of 30 min Tª min <10ºC 24 h3 concentration measures 2, 4 and 24 h



PREVENTIVE AND CONTROL MEASURES OF THE NEMATODE

Surveys in forest:

Buffer Zone: 20 km ( Portugal )

High risk: 20km (Spain) Net 2X2 Km Minimum 1 sample + itinerary

Medium risk 20 +80 km (Spain) Net 4X4 Km Mínim 1 sample + itinerary

Possible extension criteria Autonomous Communities

Rest of Spain Net 8X8 Km Presence of symptoms + itinerary

Inspections sawmills and wood industries

Minimum: 2 inspections per year, 1 sample.



PREVENTIVE AND CONTROL MEASURES OF THE VECTOR

Avoid dispersion

Mass trapping

Planning silvicultural treatments.

Aggregation pheromone

Kairomonals compounds: - α- pinene - bark beetle pheromone



REFERENCES

Abelleira, A.; Mansilla, J.P; Salinero, M.C. (EFA 43/05: ) Estación Fitopatoloxíca do Areeiro. Servicio Agrario. Excma. Diputación Provincial de Pontevedra

OEPP/EPPO (1986) Data sheets on quarantine organisms No. 158, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin 16, 55-60.

Evans, H.F.; McNamara, D.G.; Braasch, H.; Chadoeuf, J.; Magnusson, C. (1996) Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) for the territories of the European Union (as PRA area) on Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and its vectors in the genus Monochamus. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin 26 (in press).

Rutherford, T. A.; Mamiya, Y.; Webster, J. M. (1990) Nematode-induced pine wilt disease: factors influencing its occurrence and distribution. Forest Science 36, 145-155.



THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

END

pine wilt disease

Technology

commission decision

protective measures

outside ec

distribution eurosiberian

forest royal decree

coniferous wood

feeding xilophagous

nigra y