pilot gasifier producer gas analysis arrangements in...pilot gasifier producer gas analysis ......

Pilot Gasifier Producer Gas Analysis dand Measurement Arrangements in

Sievi LaboratorySievi Laboratory Kari Pieniniemi, Researcher, CentriaKari Pieniniemi, Researcher, Centria

University of Applied Sciences

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MEASURING LINE AT SIEVI LABORATORY

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MEASURING LINE IN SIEVI LABORATORY

Agilent 490 Micro GCAgilent 490 Micro GC Sample line to Agilent Micro GC

Particle Filter

DryerSilica gel

Membrane Filter

4Sample Pump

AGILENT 490‐MICRO GC QUAD for 1 to 4 ChannelsKuvaa ei voi näyttää. Tietokoneen muisti ei ehkä riitä kuvan avaamiseen, tai kuva on vioittunut. Käynnistä tietokone uudelleen ja avaa sitten tiedosto uudelleen. Jos punainen x-merkki tulee edelleen näkyviin, kuva on ehkä poistettava ja lisättävä uudelleen.

The field case provides “on‐the‐go” measurements

The Agilent 490 Micro GC fifth generation micro gas chromatograph is a rugged compactThe Agilent 490 Micro GC fifth generation micro gas chromatograph is a rugged, compact and portable analyzer for gas quality analysis in the laboratory, on‐line and at‐line and in the field 5

AGILENT 490‐MICRO GC QUAD for 1 to 4 ChannelsEvery channel is a complete, miniaturized GC, with independently controlled injection volume, column oven temperature and carrier gas.

Agilent 490 Micro GC provides gas analysis for e.g.:

oNatural gas / calorific value determinationo Analysis of simple to complex refinery gasesoOil and exploration / mud loggingo Analysis and quality control of specialty gaseso Biogaso Assessing efficiency of catalysts, fuel cell stacks

i i io Air monitoring

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AGILENT 490‐MICRO GC CHANNELS AND COLUMNSChannel 1 – 10m CP‐PoraPLOT Q column, Heated Injector, Backflush (TCD)Channel 2 – 20m CP‐Molsieve 5A column, Heated Injector, Backflush (TCD)

CHANNELS AND COLUMNS

Channel 3 – 10m Al2O3/KCl column, Heated Injector, Backflush (TCD)Channel 4 – 8m CP‐Sil 5 CB column, Heated Injector, (TCD)

PPQ (Pora Plot Q) column

The PPQ column separates:• Hydrocarbons C1‐C6

CP‐Molsieve 5A column

The MS5A column separates : • Hydrogen H2Hydrocarbons C1 C6

• Freons• Anesthetics• H2S

Hydrogen H2• Oxygen O2• Nitrogen N2• Methane CH4H2S

• CO2• SO2• Volatile solvents

4• Carbon monoxide CO• Selected noble gases• permanent gases except Carbon Dioxide

PoraPLOT Q is capable of resolving Methane from the composite air peak and separate CO from methane and the C2 hydrocarbons

CO2

Total analysis time for the permanent gases up to Nitrogen is approximately 3 minutesCO2 from methane and the C2 hydrocarbons to Nitrogen is approximately 3 minutes.

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AGILENT 490‐MICRO GC CHANNELS AND COLUMNSChannel 1 – 10m CP‐PoraPLOT Q column, Heated Injector, Backflush (TCD)Channel 2 – 20m CP‐Molsieve 5A column, Heated Injector, Backflush (TCD)

CHANNELS AND COLUMNS

Channel 3 – 10m Al2O3/KCl column, Heated Injector, Backflush (TCD)Channel 4 – 8m CP‐Sil 5 CB column, Heated Injector, (TCD)

CP‐Sil 5 CB column

The CP‐Sil 5 CB column separates:

Al2O3/KCl column

The Al2O3/KCl column separates:• Hydrocarbons C1‐C31• Nitrogen• Aromatics

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• Saturated and unsaturated light hydrocarbons C1‐C5

• Organic solvents

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AGILENT 490‐MICRO GC A l i f Diff t G U i A il t 490 Mi GCAnalysis of Different Gases Using Agilent 490 Micro GC

Permanent gases on the CP‐Molsieve 5A column channel

Carbon dioxide, and C1 to C3 hydrocarbons, ethane and propane on the CP‐PoraPLOT U channel

Hydorcarbons on the CP‐Sil 5 CB column BTX analysis on the CP‐Sil 5 CB column 9

AGILENT 490‐MICRO GC A l i f Diff t G U i A il t 490 Mi GC

6 Hydrogen sulfide 18 1‐Butene10 Propane 19 iso Butene

Analysis of Different Gases Using Agilent 490 Micro GC

10 Propane 19 iso‐Butene12 Propylene 20 cis‐2‐Butene13 iso‐Butane 21 iso‐Pentane14 n‐Butane 22 n‐Pentane15 Propadiene 23 1 3‐Butadiene15 Propadiene 23 1,3‐Butadiene17 trans‐2‐Butene 24 Propyne

C3 – C5 hydrocarbons on Al2O3/KCl column

Agilent 490 Micro GC separates Helium, Neon and Hydrogen (ppm level) with high % level of Oxygen andHydrogen (ppm level) with high % level of Oxygen and Nitrogen(Air) using CP‐Molsieve 5A column

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Agilent 490 Micro GC for the Monitoring of a Biomass Gasifier

BTX compounds on CP‐Sil 5 CB column.The product gas consists of roughly • 5–15% Carbon monoxide, • 10–15% Hydrogen, 3 5%M h• 3–5% Methane,

• 10–20% Carbon dioxide, • 40–60% Nitrogen, and • 5 15% Water also

BTX analysis on the CP‐Sil 5 CB column

• 5–15% Water, also (poly)aromatic compounds, minor inorganic species, and particles are present in the gas.

Permanent gases on CP‐Molsieve 5A column . Carbon dioxide on CP‐PoraPLOT U column.

Permanent gases H2, N2, CH4, CO on the CP‐Molsieve 5A column channel

CO2 and C1 to C3 hydrocarbons, methane, ethane and propane on the CP‐PoraPLOT U column 11

Agilent 490 Micro GC for the Monitoring of a Biomass Gasifier

EXAMPLE

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Sample Probeand Heated Sample line

GASMET DX‐4000 FTIR Gas Analyzer

Portable Sampling Unit

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Gasmet™ FTIR gas analyzers can performGasmet FTIR gas analyzers can perform simultaneous measurement of both organic and inorganic compounds and analyze hot, wet and corrosive gas streams.

o Sampling unito Heated sampling line

and corrosive gas streams. • Concentrations of up to 50 different

compounds can be measured within seconds. o Heated sampling line

o Sampling probe • Measurement capabilities range from ppb’s up to percent levels.

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FTIR MEASURING PRINCIPLE

Quantitative AnalysisFFT y

FFTQualitative Analysis

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Product gas sample and CH4 (red) Product gas sample and CO (red)Product gas sample and CO2 (red)

FTIR Analysis of The Production Gas

Product gas sample and H2O (red) Product gas sample and Ethylene (red) Product gas sample and Propene (red)

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Calculation methodGASMET DX‐4000 FTIR Gas Analyzer

Reference Spectra (not to same scale):Sample spectrum

Calculation method

SO2 300 mg/Nm3Water 10 vol‐% SO2 300 mg/NmWater 10 vol %

1000150020002500300035004000

Calcmet analysis:0.881 * Water 10 vol‐%

CO2 10 vol‐% NH3 100 mg/Nm3

1.112 * CO2 10 vol‐%0.995 * CO 1000 mg/Nm3

0.910 * NO 300 mg/Nm3 0.810 * SO2 300 mg/Nm3

CO 1000 mg/Nm3

HCl 50 mg/Nm3

0.660 * NH3 100 mg/Nm3

0.082 * HCl 50 mg/Nm3

0.210 * Methane 50 mg/Nm3

Calculated spectrum

NO 300 mg/Nm3 Methane 50 mg/Nm3

Concentrations: Water 8.81 vol‐% SO2 243 mg/Nm3

Calculated spectrum

1000150020002500300035004000 18

CO2 11.12 vol‐%CO 955 mg/Nm3

NO 274 mg/Nm3

NH3 66.0 mg/Nm3

HCl 4.1 mg/Nm3

Methane 10.5 mg/Nm3


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FTIR Analysis of The Production Gas

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1,5

bsorbance

0,5

1Ab

0

9001400190024002900340039004400wave numbercm‐1wave number cm

CO2 10% CO 100 PPM ETAANI 99,5 PPM ETYLEENI 50 PPM H2O 10% HCL 50.7 ppm HNO3 63,6 PPM

N2O 100 PPM NH3 51,.4 PPM NO2 52,5 PPM NO 200 PPM CH4 20PPM SEOS 5

Linear combination (red) of the independent gas components of known ( ) p g pconcentration

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lPITOT TUBE Flow Meter

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Pitot Tube Measurement, How to calculate the Volume FlowDry Gas Density in STP

is based on Agilent 490 Micro GC measurement

Pitot Tube MaeasurementDynamic pressure is a function of wet gasvelocity in the channel conditions (truestate)

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Pitot Tube Measurement

Wet Gas Density in STP

is based on GASMET measurement

Corrected wet gas velocity in the channelconditions

Wet gas density in the channel coditions

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Pitot Tube MeasurementWet gas Volume Flow rate in the channel DRY GAS VOLUME FLOW RATE in STP

WET GAS VOLUME FLOW RATE in STP

Wet gas volume flow rate in channel (p,T) canbe corrected to wet gas volume flow rate in STP (pn, Tn) by using temperature and pressure correction factor

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FunFunVariable Speed Drive

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