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It’s the unknown that appeals to me. I’m alwayslooking for Ariadne’s thread each time I come across

a labyrinth”Pierre-Gilles de Gennes

L’innovation,autrement! *

* An alternative route to innovation

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The means exist for creating innovation-based growth in France

Notable and outstanding publicly funded research at the national level 0.8% of GDP invested 17 billion euros (40%) invested in 2006 86,000 publicly funded researchers (vs. 195,000 in the U.S.A.) 9 Nobel prizes in Science (in chemistry, physics, and medicine) since 1980, and 20% of the Fields Medals

Companies and businesses in the health field that innovate, expand, create profits, and therefore invest in R&D 21 billion euros (50%) invested in 2006

Two engines of innovation that exist, and yet …contact between them is only on the order of 1.25% …

Because contact requires: An impetus (what is this partnership’s Risk Adjusted Net Present Value? ) A downside risk (what is the risk of maintaining the current Business Model ?) An Operating Process

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The 2008 RTC* and the risk of the upstream phases

The upstream phases of breakthrough innovation, from the initial discovery through the invention, are phases fraught with risk.(traditionally, 3% for a therapeutic treatment derived from a biotechnology innovation)

In 2008, the RTC (Research Tax Credit) had a major effect on equity cost:

The equity cost for a profitable company falls to 5.6%, with a corresponding significant effect on the project’s rcNPV.

In other words Based on a 20% actualization rate, Repayment of the RTC and reflection of the IS credit in year n+1

The rcNPV on the first two year is (21,3) cts pour (1) €

R&D InvestmentCost of the Public-private partnership 100,000 €

Decreased Tax on profit (34,400) €

Research Tax Credit (60,000) €

Equity Costs 5,600 €

* Since 2009, FPGG can directly give the doubled RTC

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Obsolescence of the innovation paradigm …− Less time between the emergence of a new technology

and its industrial application− Increasing market-introduction costs− Regulatory bottlenecks− Accelerated product obsolescence

such that the three so-called “historical” innovation models are no longer valid

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Incremental internal R&D Technology transfer Subcontracting

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… but not of a “discovery partnership” that combines industrial know-how and academic excellence.

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A culture yet to be developed

Because of the following requirements:1. The industrial entity must convert its know-how into a

scientific challenge

2. It must have the courage to share its questions with a partner whose mission is to spread knowledge

3. The academic researcher must meet this new challenge

4. Both parties must find ways to overcome administrative constraints

5. Simple rules must be defined for converting discoveries into innovations and sharing the fruits of this conversion

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The PGG Foundation is a Thematic Networkfor Advanced Research. Its status is that of aFoundation for Scientific Cooperationorganized under private law. It is comparableto other foundations that are acknowledged tobe in the public interest.

The Foundation was created by the threecenters of excellence in the Montagne Sainte-Geneviève district: the École NormaleSupérieure (ENS), the École Supérieure dePhysique et Chimie Industrielles (ESPCI),and the Curie Institute.

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The Fondation Pierre-Gilles de Gennes :serving the partnership

The right size 140 research teams, with 1,450 researchersThe “intermediate scale”:

The locus of key events in the structure-activity relationship Development of conceptual and methodological tools in the interval between 100 nm and 100 microns The ability to resolve and model temporal and spatial phenomena An overall “translational” approach (molecular, cellular, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical)

Cancer, immunological deseases, and neurosciences as the predominant Targets.

Simplification of the administrative maze Installation of a single agent Identification and designation by the steering committee

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The Fondation Pierre-Gilles de Gennes:serving the partnership

Three sequential stages in the secure establishment of partnerships:

Stage 1: Entry into the Foundation’s community Each partner company is an active member of the Foundation’s research community, participating in all

of its knowledge-dissemination activities and receiving assistance with the organization of its projects. Make use of the Extranet platform

Stage 2: The Foundation proposes to its partners the contracting of research-project activities, from upstream discovery through proof of concept.

Stage 3: The companies conduct the innovation, from the industrial development of the discovery through its market introduction.

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The Fondation Pierre-Gilles de Gennes: The academic side

Establishment of a proprietary seed fund for innovationds for projects each year With capital of 20 million euros 2.5 million euros in proprietary funds for projects each year

Consolidation of an interdisciplinary and inter-institutional community A powerful extranet dedicated to project workflows Support for young team leaders through expert network management An extraordinary ability to create relationships

Creation of an alternative source of inspiration and challenges for researchers Exploration of the area of industrial know-how, which often is not easily accessible Opportunities to work alongside an industrial partner on the conditions surrounding innovation Administrative organization of projects, and facilitated financing: extraordinary responsiveness

(less than one month between project submission and the committee’s decision)

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Organizational overview

Steering Committee• Claude Boccara• Janine Cossy• Vincent Croquette• François Doz• Daniel Louvard • Antoine Triller

Key Technological Platforms Physics Bio-Informatics Lithography

Chemistry Petide Synthesis

Biology Solid state high yield sequencer Transcriptomic Proteomic BioPhenyx Platform for cellular morphology AFM EM Nikon Imaging Center IRM far small animal Drosophila Zebra fish murin model for transgenesis et gene invalidation – xenografting

Clinical trials and physiology CURIE hospital (cancer) DEC (audition and vision)

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Foundation axis of synergy (1) Cancer : CR Curie + Hôpital Curie + ESPCI Theoretical and applied genotoxicology Epigenetic Systems Biology and Development Biology Innovative imaging methods development

(Imr+ MRE, OCT) Time reverse based real time imaging and treatment Specific drug discovery and vectorization

Neurology andcognition : ENS +ESPCI Biophysical and biomolecular approaches of Neuronal plasticity and function New methods for micromanipulation through microfluidics. Study of Time Coding Pluridisciplinary study of the physiology of perception and cognition in animal and man

Innovant Chemistry: ENS + ESPCI + Curie Femtosecond Chemistry and molecule-solvant modelling Advanced electrochemistry and microelectrochemistry Retrosynthetic analysis Peptide and carbohydrate expertise Cellular targetting

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Foundation axis of synergy (2) Cellular population dynamics : ENS + ESPCI +Curie Functional polymers chemistry – polymersoms Theoretical and applied surface physics (soft surface concept) Innovative approach for cell-cell interaction and collective motion Mathematiocal treatment and modelling.

Microfluidics : ENS + ESPCI Micropatterning and surface design Neurosciences – axonal patch for neurone growth Cellular biology – in vitro tools for positionning/polarizing/micromanipulating cells and tissues

Time reverse technologies : ESPCI + Curie Rapid evolution of both theoretical and experimental corpuses (from tumor treatment to the use of P MHz waves for

ulrtrafast echography) Specific design and synthesis of contrast agents Analysis of cellular targetting at the cellular level.

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