PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PEAT SOIL IN RAPP RELATED TO

WATER TABLE DEPTH

D.K. KALSIM

11 May 2015

1 DEDI K. KALSIM

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

0.2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-100

BD

(g/

cc)

Tota

l Po

re (

%)

Soil depth (cm)

BD vs Total Pore of HST peat (Typic Haplo-Saprist)

Total Pore (%) BD (g/cc)

BD-TOTAL PORE

2 DEDI K. KALSIM

PEAT BD-SOIL DEPTH

3

0.13 0.05

0.21 0.19

DEDI K. KALSIM

Retention curve (pF-%v)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Soil

Mo

istu

re (

% v

/v)

Soil Depth (cm)

pF1 pF2.54 pF4.2

4 DEDI K. KALSIM

WT=100 CM – DRY SEASON

y = -0.0021x3 + 0.3517x2 - 22.427x + 462.52 R² = 0.872

-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75

Soil

de

pth

(cm

)

Soil moisture (% vol)

Soil moisture profile WT=100 cm, I 062-PES, March 2014

57%

5 DEDI K. KALSIM

CONCLUSION

• AT DRY SEASON WT=100 CM, SM AT SOIL SURFACE 38%vol (WP=30%, FC=42%)

• WHAT HAPPENED IF WT=40 CM?

– SM AT SOIL SURFACE 57% vol (FC=42%, SAT=60%)

– ONLY 3% AIR AVAILABLE- not enough?? –opt 20%

– RETARDED GROWTH – WORSE IN WET SEASON??

6 DEDI K. KALSIM

Acacia crassicarpa

Age : 36 months old

Height: 21 m

DBH : 14 cm

(Diameter Breast height)

Roots depth : 96 cm

Water Table level: 110 cm

Acacia crassicarpa root growth depth

in relation to peat water table level

7 DEDI K. KALSIM

Acacia crassicarpa

Age : 36 months old

Height: 17 m

DBH : 10 cm

(Diameter Breast height)

Roots depth : 40 cm, roots

tends to grow above water

table

Acacia crassicarpa poorer growth and DBH in areas where

peat water table fluctuates between high and medium level

Water Table 45 cm

8 DEDI K. KALSIM

Acacia crassicarpa plantation 36 months

Tree Toppling / Leaning is an issue in peat areas

9 DEDI K. KALSIM

MVOL - PEAT DEPTH

10

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Mvo

l (m

3/h

a)

Peat Thickness

Peat Thickness vs Mvol at 4 - 5 Years ACRA at Sapric Peat Type in Pelalawan Sector at Rotation 2

n = 69

>3m

<3m

STATISTICALLY NOT

SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE

DEDI K. KALSIM

TAMBAHAN 25 May 2015

DEDI K. KALSIM 11

From Wetlands International 2013

12 DEDI K. KALSIM

Peatland is Economical Sustainable – Actual growth data for Acacia Plantations in Pelalwan by Rotation – MAI is increasing

Pelalawan Estate B

13 DEDI K. KALSIM

Effect of water table & bulk density to soil C flux

Melling (2015) 14 DEDI K. KALSIM

15 DEDI K. KALSIM

Effect of Water Table on Acacia crassicarpa growth

• Peat Drum Study:

– Treatments: Water Table 20, 40, 60, 80cm

– Location : R&D Nursery

– Objective : to determine root behaviour in a controlled water table

• Results 6 months after planting:

– No significant difference in term of height growth

– Root depth is significantly affected by water table

– Root depth followed the water table; Root did not grow into the water

– Lower water table has higher root depth: shoot height ratio than high water table

16 DEDI K. KALSIM

20cm 80cm

17 DEDI K. KALSIM

PEAT DRUM STUDY

Higher RD:SH ratio implies a better tree stability (more balanced biomass distribution)

Water

Table

(cm)

Root

Depth

(cm)

Shoot

Height

(cm)

RD:SH

Ratio

20 21.3 123 0.17

40 39.8 136 0.29

60 60.0 112 0.54

80 78.6 133 0.59

18 DEDI K. KALSIM

Soil Compaction (PT Pulau Sambu, Guntung Riau)

DEDI K. KALSIM 19