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Physical Chemistry LabPhysical Chemistry Lab

Chem343

Lecture 1 (8/31/12)

Yoshitaka IshiiYoshitaka Ishii

Syllabus(Class Schedule, Grading, Report etc) Presentation

Announcement Syllabus was updated (check it at the web site) This class requires registration for both of lecture

(this class) and lab. Y f i t l t th l b You can perform experiments only at the lab section you are officially registered.

No Lab! Labor day 9/3 (Mon) and 9/6 (Thr) Week 3 will start from 9/10

Next Friday. Discussion Class for Experiment of y pRotation 1 (Week 3-4). The location is at the syllabus.

Presentation on Labworks on Sep 14 in your lab section (The room will be announced at the web site).

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Chem 343Instructor: Dr. Yoshitaka IshiiDiscussion:/Lectures : F3:00-3:50 p.m. Office 5414 SES E-mail: yishii@uic.eduOffice Hour: Wed 1:30-2:30 PM

Supplies(1) Bound laboratory notebook(2) Safety goggles(3) USB D i (G t th t i d l f thi l )(3) USB Drive (Get one that is used only for this class) Do NOT use internet or e-mail at the lab computers!

Lab Manual: Please download all the materials at Chem 343 Web Sitehttp://www.chem.uic.edu/chem343/

Before next Friday, print the lab materials for your assigned experiment!

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PrerequisitesOnly prerequisite is Chem. 342 or 340

(Grade C or higher is required). If you do(Grade C or higher is required). If you do not meet the prerequisites, please talk to Professor Donald Wink (Director of Undergraduate Studies).

Absence for sickness

• If you feel sick and cannot come to the lab l t t l tt for lecture, we request a letter from your

doctor for validation.

• So if your symptom does not require any medical attention, we consider that your symptom is not serious enough to justifysymptom is not serious enough to justify the absence.

• Contact your partner & TA in advance if you cannot come to the lab for any reasons.

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Your TALaboratory Section

Teaching Assistant

e-mail Office Phone

MW 8:00- Krooswyck, jkroos2@uic.edu 5324 6-542410:50 (11592) Joel

TR 11:00-1:45 (11594)

Yoo, Brian byoo4@uic.edu 5404 3-2943

TR 8:00-10:50 (11596)

Yang, Zhi zyang26@uic.edu 5404 3-2943

MW 4:00- Milasinovic, smilas2@uic.edu 5115 3-0046

TAs are very important in this class!

6:50 (11599) Slobodan

TR 2:00-4:40 (23820)

Soy, Esin esoy2@uic.edu 5224 6-5424

Week 1-2LabWorks Oral Presentation (9/14; Friday) in your section Week 3-156 Experiments (2 Week each) Extensive Report for Each Exp

Grou Week Week Week Week Week Week Week

Class ScheduleClass Schedule

p#Week

1,2

8/27‐9/7

Week

3, 4 (Rot 1)

9/10‐9/21

Week

5, 6 (Rot 2)

9/24‐10/5

Week

7, 8 (Rot 3)

10/8‐19 

Week

9, 10 (Rot4)

10/22‐11/2

Week

11, 12 

(Rot 5)

11/5‐11/16

13,14, 15

(Rot 6)

11/19‐11/30

I Lab

Works

Gas Effusion Fluorescence NMR Flash 

Photolysis

FTIR Nano Diff

II Lab

Works

Fluorescenc

e

NMR Flash 

Photolysis

FTIR Nano Diff Gas Effusion

III Lab NMR Flash FTIR Nano Diff Gas Effusion Fluorescence

NMR Nano Diffraction Flash Photolysis FTIR Fluorescence Gas Effusion

III Lab

Works

NMR Flash 

Photolysis

FTIR Nano Diff Gas Effusion Fluorescence

IV Lab

Works

Flash 

Photolysis

FTIR Nano Diff Gas Effusion Fluorescenc

e

NMR

V Lab 

Works

FTIR Nano Diff Gas Effusion Fluorescence NMR Flash 

Photolysis

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Class Calendar (Aug 24- Dec 12)Week Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Report

Due Date*1 LABWOR

KS8/27 8/28 8/29 8/30 8/31 (L)

2 9/3 (NC) 9/4 9/5 9/6 (NC) 9/7 (D)3 ROT 1 9/10 (Q) 9/11(Q) 9/12 9/13 9/14 (Pres) F (Pre)

4 9/17 9/18 9/19 9/20 9/21 (D)5 ROT 2 9/24 (Q) 9/25 (Q) 9/26 9/27 9/28 (L)6 10/1 10/2 10/3 10/4 10/5 (D) Rot 1 MT7 ROT 3 10/8 (Q) 10/9 (Q) 10/10 10/11 10/12 (L) Rot 2 WR8 10/15 10/16 10/17 10/18 10/19 (D)9 ROT 4 10/22(Q) 10/23 (Q) 10/24 10/25 10/26 (L) Rot 3 WR10 10/29 10/30 10/31 11/1 11/2 (D)11 ROT 5 11/5 (Q) 11/6 (Q) 11/7 11/8 11/9 (L) Rot 4 WR12 11/12 11/13 11/14 11/15 11/16 (D)

Rot 2

Reportdeadline

12 11/12 11/13 11/14 11/15 11/16 (D)13 ROT 6 11/19(Q) 11/20(Q) 11/21(NC) 11/22(NC) 11/23 (NC) Rot 5 WR

14 11/26 11/27 11/28 11/29 11/30 (L)15 12/3 12/4 12/5 (Pres) 12/6 (Pres) 12/7

(L)Rot6 Pres

16 FinalWeek

12/10 12/11Final(Tentative)

12/12 12/13 12/14You have one week end to write up a report (except for Rot 1).

Grading• Lab Works: 100 points (30 for performance and

70 for presentation)E i t 900 i t (f h i t• Experiments: 900 points (for each experiment 150: 10 for pre-lab discussion, 20 for pre-lab quiz, 20 for performance and 100 for report)

• Notebook: 150 (turn-in at end of semester)• Lecture: Up to 20 points for Participation; 80

points for quiz from lectures (multiple choice)points for quiz from lectures (multiple choice)• Final: 200 points• Total: 1450 points

A: >90 %; B: 90-80%; C: 80-70 %; D 70-60%: E < 60% (I plan to give A to ~ top 15 % of you)

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Who is grading your report?Experiment Instructor Discussion RoomFlash Photolysis Esin SES 4286

(SEL2011 on 9/7)

Pre lab Discussion Class:

Nano Diffraction Zhi Rotated (see web site)

FTIR Slobodan SEL2011Gas Effusion Joel SES 4440

Fluorescence Brian SES 4142 (corrected)

NMR Dr. Ishii SES 138

Pre-lab Discussion Class:Friday in the week before each rotation We will summarize the essence of each experiment

for you! Of course, you need to read the lab material carefully before the lab.

Cautions!! About Laboratory At a minimum, you must perform all of the Labworks and

other six experiments.

You are not allowed to be absent at more than two You are not allowed to be absent at more than two classes or labs. If you must be absent for compelling reasons, you need to obtain a permission from your instructor in advance.

Advance notices to your TA and your lab partner are required if you need to be absent in a labrequired, if you need to be absent in a lab.

A laboratory report for each of the six experiments must be turned in, in a timely manner (Total 6 reports). In addition, you are required to attend all pre-lab discussion and lab sessions.

Failure to comply any of the above items will result in a grade E.

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Dont' be Late !!! Any laboratory works cannot be started until all the

lab partners are present in most cases. Hence, a late arrival is subject to strict deduction of yourlate arrival is subject to strict deduction of your performance and report points.

Lab reports up to 1 week late will receive reduced points (-25 points). No lab report will be accepted beyond one week (Namely, 0 point for the report).

Also, your points will be subtracted if you are late for a discussion class (-10 points if you are late more than 5 min). This is for your and your fellow students’ safety.

Preparation for Laboratory

You must attend a Friday instruction session and have instructions on each instrument in order to be allowed to perform the experiment.

You must read all background and lab handouts before coming to the lab.

You will be orally quizzed on the material to check your preparedness (20 point for each lab). If you are unprepared you will not be allowed to continue with the experiment.

If you apparently fail to read the background or lab handouts more than two times, your grade will be E.

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Academic Dishonesty

Academic dishonesty in any form will not be tolerated in this coursetolerated in this course.

Do NOT Copy & Paste ! Plagiarism and submission of laboratory data and reports generated by others is academic dishonesty.dishonesty.

Any students caught cheating will be immediately assigned a grade of E.

Safety You are required to wear safety goggles (& gloves if

required) while doing the experiments. Safety considerations also demand the proper use of

equipment, suitable disposal of waste (never down theequipment, suitable disposal of waste (never down the sink!),

Appropriate attire (i.e., avoid short clothing and open-toed shoes).

In a laboratory area, drinking, eating, chewing, and smoking are strictly prohibited.

Keeping your working area clean is an absolute must.

Any of these requirements cannot be overstated and violations will have serious repercussions.

You will be asked to leave the laboratory if you are exposing yourself or your fellow classmates to dangerous lab practices.

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Laboratory Notebook

Format1. Contain a table of contents.2. Pages numbered and dated.

Your lab notebook will be turned in for grading with each lab report submitted (attach copy) and at the your last laboratory session.

2. Pages numbered and dated.3. No pages torn out.4. All data, analyses and comments written legibly in blue or black ink. (Do

NOT modify it later !)5. All data entered directly into the notebook. Your TA will confiscate data

written on loose sheets.

Check out by your TA6. Data pages signed by your TA on date the data is recorded.

Data and Computer Generated Graphs7. Analysis of data and results recorded on notebook.8. Plots and graphs computer generated and a least one-half page large. 9. Fitting of data to straight lines must be done by a linear least squares

method, with slope, intercept given. The errors of the values should also be given.

10. Additional plots or other computer-generated material should be neatly taped into the notebook.

Laboratory ReportsStyle• Typed with a word processor (i.e. MSWord etc)

• Use the format given in the “Physical Chemistry Laboratory Reports” handout.

Due time• Lab reports are accepted up to seven days after the due

date but will have 25 points reduced. Lab reports ill not be accepted hen it is more than• Lab reports will not be accepted when it is more than one week late. This will result in assignment of a grade of an F for the report.

Writing

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Writing, Writing, Writing• This course fulfills the “Writing-in-the-Discipline”

requirement. By end of the course you are expected to be able to

report scientific results from your experiments in a literate and rigorous mannerliterate and rigorous manner.

• The requirement involves(i) A concise style of prose(ii) Proper error analysis (iii) Adequate graphical representation of data

• An important factor in grading the lab reports will be (A)Quality of writing-grammar, Spelling(B) Clarity, Organization(C) Proper employment of tables & graphs(D) Error analysis

Some reference: “The Elements of Style” by W. Strunk, Jr. & E.B. White http://www.bartleby.com/141/

Oral Presentation for Lab Works• Time: 7 min Question ~1 minOrganize in the following way

See report req irement pages of the hando t also- See report requirement pages of the handout also

• Introduction/Purpose– Summarize the Objective of the Experiment– Introduce Background of the Experiment (Some equations)

• Experimental Measurements and Data– Principle of the Experiment– Apparatus – Data

• Data Analysis– Explain how the data were analyzed– Include any formula used for comparison with the experiments

• Discussion/Conclusion

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How to organize?Preparation and Presentation Prepare 7-8 sheets of slides. Each of you explains about one sheet of slide in turn

(St d t A l i h t 1 3 5 7 d B l i 2 4(Student A explains sheet 1, 3, 5, 7 and B explains 2, 4, 6, 8).

Organization Start with a good introduction about your experiment so

that one without background knowledge can understand its objective.

Explain your setup for the experiment. Show your data using a graph or figure and discuss your

interpretation of the data. Ends with a conclusion and summarize your result.Caution

If you have not submitted your plan about the Lab Works exp on Day 3, contact your TA immediately.

Presentation Grading (70 points)• Introduction/Purpose (Total 10)

- The objective of the experiment well presented - Background of the experiment well introduced?

• Experimental Measurements and Data (Total 15 )Principle of the experimental design presented- Principle of the experimental design presented

- Apparatus explained clearly (figure etc)- Data clearly presented (axis, title, units)

• Data Analysis (Total 15) - Analysis of the data clearly explained? (necessary formula presented?)- Analysis consistent with the theory or the purpose of the experiment? - Any error analysis given

• Conclusion/Discussion (Total 10)- The experiment summarized clearly?

• Overall Presentation & Question (Total 15)- Time, Presentation Style, Students take turns in presenting slides? - Questions answered properly? Both students understand the

experiments? - Balanced work load in the presentation?

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Do not talk more than the specified time!

Attention CurveAttention Curve

What happens if you talk more? A

ttent

ion

(%)

100100

ttent

ion

leve

l (%

)

What is this?

Time of Lecture (mins)

00 40

0 0 7

Time of Lecture (min)

A

Important fact: Most audiences remember 30 % of your presentation

PreparationFormat • Use 18 points or larger (minimum 16 Points) Small fonts discourage your audience

• No more than 7 lines• No more than 7 lines • 1 slide per min• 1 Topic per Slide

Manuscript • Write a manuscript if you are not good at presentation

(100 d i )(100 words per min)• Practice until you forget it

Before presentation• Be confident• Prepare for questions

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PreparationFormat

• Use 18 points or larger (minimum 16 Points)

Small fonts discourage your audience

• No more than 7 lines

• 1 slide per min

• 1 Topic per Slide

Manuscript

Write a man script (100 ords per min)• Write a manuscript (100 words per min)

• Practice until you forget it

Before presentation

• Be confident

• Prepare for questions

General Presentation OutlineBeginning • Attract attention of your audience

(Title, how to start)• Introduce interesting points in your talk

Middle• Give your audience a break (joke, picture)• Repeat important points (results) using different

wording

EndS i lt d l i t th d• Summarize your results and conclusion at the end

• Finish within the time limit

Caution!• Smooth transitions • Be positive about your data• Enjoy the show!

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Graph• What’s wrong with the graph for

demonstrating Boyle’s law ?g y

Acceptable graph

Label Units Varied parameter in the x-axis Fonts should be visible (> 18 point) Remove unnecessary line

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Better GraphBetter Graph

4Volume Dependence of Air Pressure

Pressure

P = 1.0422V-0.996

R2 = 0.98541

2

3

Pre

ssu

re (

atm

)

Pressure

Curve Fitting to ax-b aV‐bP = AV-B

0

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5Volume (mL)

P = k/V

Thermodynamic Experiments in Labworks

• Exp 3 Boiling Point Elevation

• Exp 4 Freezing Point Depression

• Exp 5 Heat Reaction for HCl and NaOH

• Exp 8 Adiabatic Gas Expansion

• Exp 9 Boiling Point Elevation due to Pressure

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Raoult’s Law: Vapor Pressure

P0A P0

B PA:? PB:?

A B 0 2A+0 8BA B 0.2A+0.8B

When molar ratio of A : B is XA : XB (XA + XB = 1)

PA = XAP0A PB = XBP0

B PA XAP A PB XBP B

How do you modify the equation if A is camphor for Exp 3?

PA = 0 & PB = XBP0B

(Vapor pressure of PB is decreased)

Engel 8.7(p186-7) Freezing Point Depression& Boiling Point Elevation

solvent(T) = solvent*(T0) + Sliq (T-T0) + RTln(xsolvent)

Q1. How much is RTln(xsolvent) for pure liquid?

Q2. For a mixture, what is the signof RTln(xsolvent)?

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• Using

mfusion

solv

pureff H

xR

TT ,,

ln

11

2

11

purefpureffpureff T

T

TT

T

TT,,,

~

Q. Does this depend

and lnxsolvent = ln(1-xsolute) ~ -xsolute

pp

mfusion

solutepureff H

xTRT

,

,

Mnnn

Molality of Solute(mol/kg of solvent)

depend on solute?

solventsolutesolvent

solventsolute

solvent

solute

solutesolvent

solutesolute Mm

w

Mn

n

n

nn

nx

~

solutefsolutemfusion

solventpureff mKm

H

MTRT

,

,

Thermo-dynamics

Ideal Gas Equation of State

• PV = nRT

P =k(n, T)/V Boyle’s Law

V = C(P, n)T Charles’s Law

V = f(T, P)n Avogadro’s Hypothesis

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Dalton’s Law• Air is a mixture of (Q1) & (Q2).

Can you use Boyle’s law for air? Why?

• What is the pressure due to (Q2) in air at 1 atm?

Ptotal = ntotalRT/V

Pt t l = ΣPi

Can you use Boyle s law for air? Why?

Ptotal ΣPi

Partial pressure of gas i

Pi = niRT/V

P-T Phase Diagram (VmSolid > Vm

Liquid)

Pressure Dependence of Boiling Point (Exp 9)

Clapeyron equation:

1 atm

0

vapm

vapm

vap V

S

dT

dP

vapmfin HP 11

ln

Clausius-Clapeyron equation

Temperature

Q1. Where is the boiling point in the diagram?Q2. What would happen if the pressure increases?

inifinini TTRP

ln

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Irreversible Adiabatic Expansion (Exp 8)

Pext = 1 atmT = 300 K

Pini = 2 atmT =300 KVini = 1 LVini 1 L

dU = q + w = w = -PextdV

dU = (∂U/∂T)V,n dT + (∂U/∂V)T,n dV= CvdT ((∂U/∂V)T, n = 0 for ideal gas)

-P dV = C dT T = -(P /C )V (*)

Pext = 1 atmT = 300 K

Pfin= Pext =1 atmT =?V = ? L

-PextdV = CvdT T = -(Pext/Cv)V ( )

nR(Tini + T) = (Pext)(V+Vini) & nR(Tini) = (Pini)(Vini) (Tini + T)/Tini = (Pext)(V+Vini)/(PiniVini) (**) Obtain T from (*) & (**)