phylum chordata subphylum vertebrata a survey of diversity

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PHYLUM CHORDATA SUBPHYLUM VERTEBRATA A SURVEY OF DIVERSITY BIO 122: Zoology Part 3 Mammals

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PHYLUM CHORDATA SUBPHYLUM VERTEBRATA A SURVEY OF DIVERSITY. BIO 122: Zoology Part 3 Mammals. CLASS MAMMALIA. Mammals Dermal covering of hair on most internal fertilization & development 4-chambered heart. CLASS MAMMALIA. Additional characteristics: - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: PHYLUM CHORDATA SUBPHYLUM VERTEBRATA A SURVEY OF DIVERSITY

PHYLUM CHORDATASUBPHYLUM VERTEBRATAA SURVEY OF DIVERSITY

BIO 122: ZoologyPart 3

Mammals

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CLASS MAMMALIAMammals Dermal covering of hair on most internal fertilization & development 4-chambered heart

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CLASS MAMMALIAAdditional characteristics: integument with sweat, scent & mammary

glands diphyodont teeth (milk & permanent) movable eyelids & fleshy ears endothermic (heat from own metabolism) homeothermic

(maintain body temperature = warm blooded)

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CLASS MAMMALIADermal coverings (all have a hair or it's

derivative): Pelage (fur)

a) dense & short hair - for insulation (can be shed)b) coarse longer hair - for protection & coloration

Vibrissae (whiskers) - sensory hairs Nails, claws & hooves - very dense on

appendage tips

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CLASS MAMMALIAVariation of appendages: tetrapods terrestrial - 4 legs aquatic with modified to fins bats with webbings on front appendages –

wings 2 legs & 2 arms - can walk erect

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CLASS MAMMALIAReproductive patterns: 3 Infraclasses Monotremes

duck-billed platypus & echidnaegg-laying, hatch early & feed off mothers milk

Marsupials kangaroo, opossumshort development in uterus, birth, long lactation

Placentals cat, dog, humanlong development in uterus, birth, short lactation

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INFRACLASS ORNITHODELPHIA

Monotremes – egg-laying mammals embryos develop for 10-12 day in uterus leathery shell is secretes around embryo eggs hatch in 10-14 days young obtain milk from mother, but no

nipples are presentInclude:

duck-billed platypus, echidnas (spiny anteater)

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INFRACLASS ORNITHODELPHIA

Duck-billed platypus (l), Echidna (r)

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INFRACLASS METATHERIAINFRACLASS METATHERIAMarsupials – pouched mammals the developing embryos do not implant in

the uterus cause development of shallow depressions

in uterine wall absorb nutrients through a vascularized

yolk sac gestation (time in uterus) is short followed by a prolonged

development in a sac where they lactate for a long time

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INFRACLASS METATHERIAINFRACLASS METATHERIAMarsupials: Numerous animals in this group,

including four orders. opossums (80+ species) – Americas marsupial mice – Australia & Tasmania bandicoots – Australia & Tasmania koalas, wallabies, kangaroos –

Australia to East Indies

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Tasmanian devil (l) & numbat (r)

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Bandicoot …

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Koala …

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Sugar glider …

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Wallaby (l) & Kangaroo (r) Wallaby is smaller

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Red Kangaroo …

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INFRACLASS EUTHERIAPlacentals - viviparous mammals embryos do implant in uterus for a

prolonged period a placenta develops for embryo

attachment in the uterus gestation time varies (from 21 days in

rabbits to 22 months in elephants)

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INFRACLASS EUTHERIAThe Placentals have been divided into a

number of Orders based on:1. Skull and snout shape2. Dental formula

(incisors, canines, premolars and molars)3. Limbs (size & shape)4. Number digits on appendages5. Claws, nails on appendages

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ORDERS OF PLACENTALSShrews and moles small body elongate snout limbs pentadactyl teeth primitive (not very complex)

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Shrews and moles … Shrews – long tail, visible ears, small feet Moles – short tail, obscure ears, large front

feet

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ORDERS OF PLACENTALSBats Wings with limb bones greatly elongated claws on only first two digits of front limbs hind legs pentadactyl use of echolocation

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Bats …Evening bat

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Bats … Rafinesque’s Bat (l) Eastern Red

Bat (r)

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ORDERS OF PLACENTALSPrimates (lemurs, monkeys & humans) enlarged cerebral hemispheres limbs with ball & socket articulation pentadactyl digits

(opposable thumb)

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Primates … Spider monkey

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ORDERS OF PLACENTALSEdentates (anteaters, armadillos & sloths) At least some front claws enlarged

(for digging or hanging) teeth reduced (peg-like)

or absent

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Nine-banded armadillo Yes, road kill

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Three-toed sloth …

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ORDERS OF PLACENTALSRabbits & hares tail short or vestigial ears medium to large 4 upper incisors

(front teeth for biting)

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Rabbits …Cottontail (l) & swamp rabbit (r) - notice ear

size

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ORDERS OF PLACENTALSRodents (mice, rats, beavers, squirrels) 2 upper incisors which permanently grow canine teeth missing

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Mice and rats …

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Beaver …

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Squirrels …

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ORDERS OF PLACENTALSCarnivores (dogs, wolves, fox, bears,

raccoons) at least four clawed toes on each foot incisors small, canines large

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Gray wolf …

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Red fox …

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Brown bear …

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Cheetah …

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Tigers …

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Raccoon …

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ORDERS OF PLACENTALSElephants long trunk (proboscis) ears very large long incisors (tusks)

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ORDERS OF PLACENTALSPerissodactyls (horses, zebras, rhinoceros) foot ending on third digit (hooves) odd-toed mammals head elongate ears moderate & tubular

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Horses …

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Burchell’s (Plains) Zebra …

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Rhinoceros …

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ORDERS OF PLACENTALSArtiodacytls (cows, goats, deer, hippos) Hooves (commonly 2) even-toed mammals upper incisors reduced

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Cows & goats …

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Whitetail deer …

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Hippopotamus …

 

26-JUN-2005

Joey Cha

n

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ORDERS OF PLACENTALSDolphins, porpoises & whales aquatic with fins (hind appendages

lacking) skin essentially lacking hair external ears lacking blowhole

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Dolphin … Porpoises lack distinct beak

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Humpback whale …

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