PHP+

Framework+

MVC CakePHP Lectures 1

What is

Framework?

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Common code - Generic functionality

Extensible - Specific functionality

Unlike library – Flow Dictated by Framework

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Reusable Design- May include:

Support programs

Code libraries

Tools to develop and glue different components

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Whya

Framework?

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I am lazy enough to write

long codes,NAAAH...

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Technical Aspects:

Proven Architecture

Efficient (Code Re-usability)

Scalable

Extensible

Modularity

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Developer Aspects:

Easier maintenance

Shorter development times.

Flexible and less error-prone

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Focus => Specialized Functionality

NOT

ArchitectureCommon Tools

Work Flow

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How to choose

Framework?

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Ofcourse, NOT

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Technical Aspects:

Types of application, Types of framework

Technical features of the framework

Ease of development

Ease of testing

Tool support

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Viability Aspects:

Frequent release

Future enhancement

Maturity – real life usage cases

Proven market place?

Production Environments?

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So, which one?

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The one which answers most of the above questions.

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PHP+

Framework+

MVC

CakePHPCakePHP Lectures 17

Free Open Source

Rapid Application Development

Active Community

Compatibility with PHP4 and PHP5

Project Age - 5yrs

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MVC

Scaffolding

Validation

Data Sanitation

ACL

Components

Helpers

Security

Session

Caching

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Easy Installation – 2 Mins

Easy Debugging

Integrated Unit Testing

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Setting Up Cake:

Setup Database Configuration

CakePHP supports database drivers:

• mysql• postgres• sqlite• pear-drivername (e.g. pear-mysql)• adodb-drivername

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Cake Folder Structure

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• app/• config/• controllers/• models/• plugins/• tmp/• vendors/• views/• webroot/

• cake/• config/• docs/• libs/

• vendors/

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Folder What it Contains

configHolds the (few) configuration files CakePHP uses. Database connection details, bootstrapping, core configuration files and more should be stored here.

controllers Contains your application’s controllers and their components.

locale Stores string files for internationalization.

models Contains your application’s models, behaviors, and datasources.

plugins Contains plugin packages.

tmp

This is where CakePHP stores temporary data. The actual data it stores depends on how you have CakePHP configured, but this folder is usually used to store model descriptions, logs, and sometimes session information.Make sure that this folder exists and that it is writable, otherwise the performance of your application will be severely impacted. In debug mode, CakePHP will warn you if it is not the case.

vendors

Any third-party classes or libraries should be placed here. Doing so makes them easy to access using the App::import('vendor', 'name') function. Keen observers will note that this seems redundant, as there is also a vendors folder at the top level of our directory structure. We'll get into the differences between the two when we discuss managing multiple applications and more complex system setups.

views Presentational files are placed here: elements, error pages, helpers, layouts, and view files.

webrootIn a production setup, this folder should serve as the document root for your application. Folders here also serve as holding places for CSS stylesheets, images, and JavaScript files.

• The app folder will be where you work your magic: it’s where your application’s files will be placed.

• The cake folder is where we’ve worked our magic. Make a personal commitment not to edit files in this folder. We can’t help you if you’ve modified the core.

• Finally, the vendors folder is where you’ll place third-party PHP libraries you need to use with your CakePHP applications.

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Models:

• Access point to a certain table in the database

• Contain data validation rules, associationinformation, and methods specific to the table

• Extends AppModel

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Models:

• Table name in plural, like "users" and models in singular “user”.

• Mandatory Primary key named 'id'.

• Foreign keys naming: 'article_id'. (singular-table-name_id).

• 'created' / 'modified' column are automatically populated.

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Controllers:

• Manage the logic for a certain section or a single model.

• Include any number of actions

• Actions are functions used in your web application to display views

• Extends AppController

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class VideosController extends AppController{

function view($id){//action logic goes here..}function rent($customer_id, $video_id){//action logic goes here..}function search($query){//action logic goes here..}

}

example URLs:http://www.example.com/videos/view/253http://www.example.com/videos/rent/5124/0-2352

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Controller action as a webservice

• Set WEBSERVICES in /app/config/core.php to 'on'

• Structure the logic in controller just as you normally would

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Views:

a page template, usually named after an action.

view for PostsController::add() would be found at /app/views/posts/add.ctp.

simply PHP files, so you can use any PHP code inside them

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Views:

data is passed as an array called $data

data handed to the view using set() in the controller is also available in view.

HTML helper is available in every view by default

layout contains presentational code that wraps around view. Usually, common for one controller.

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Scaffolding:

• Way of getting the early parts of developing a web application started.

• Analyze database tables and creates standard lists, add, delete, edit.

• Add scaffolding by adding the $scaffold variable to controller.

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Components:

Components are used to aid controllers in specific situations.A Reusable code which seamlessly sits inside Controller

Sample Component Classclass FooComponent extends Object{var $someVar = null;var $controller = true;function startup(&$controller){// Perform controller initialization here.}function doFoo(){$this->someVar = 'foo';}}

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add the following code in your controller's definition:

var $components = array('Foo');

Inside of that controller you could now use:

$this->Foo->doFoo();

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Helpers:

Common functions to format views.Quick-and-easy creation of web forms

image($path, $htmlAttributes, $return = false);Renders an image tag.

tableHeaders($names, $tr_options,

$th_options);create a formatted table header.

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Other Helpers:

AJAX

Javascript

Number

Text

Time

Cache

(You can create your own helper.)CakePHP Lectures 36

Data Validation:

Data in a Model conforms to the business rules.

Example /app/models/user.php

<?phpclass User extends AppModel{

var $name = 'User';var $validate = array('login' => '/[a-z0-9\_\-]{3,}$/i',

'password' => VALID_NOT_EMPTY,'email' => VALID_EMAIL,'born' => VALID_NUMBER

);}?> CakePHP Lectures 37

Plugins:

Distribute combination of controllers, models, and views as package.

Example: Pizza Ordering Filesystem Layout

/app/plugins/pizza/controllers <- plugin controllers gohere/models <- plugin models go here/views <- plugin views go here/pizza_app_controller.php <- plugin's AppController,named after the plugin/pizza_app_model.php <- plugin's AppModel, named after the plugin CakePHP Lectures 38

ACL:

Access Request Objects (AROs) andAccess Control Objects (ACOs)

$aro = new Aro();

// Create ARO$aro->create( 1, null, 'Bob Marley' );

// Create Groups$aro->create(0, null, 'Artists');

//Hook ARO with Group$aro->setParent('Artists', 'Bob Marley');

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Creating ACOs and assigning permissions

$aco = new Aco();

//Create some access control objects:$aco->create(1, null, 'Electric Guitar');

$this->Acl->allow('Abraham Lincoln', 'Electric Guitar','read');

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// Check Access

$access =$this->Acl->check($this->Session-> read('user_alias'), $aco, $action = "*");

//access deniedif ($access === false){

echo "access denied";exit;

}

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Data Sanitation:

Makes User Given Data Safe for use in SQL andHTML

// First, include library and instantiate:uses('sanitize');$mrClean = new Sanitize();

$badString = ";:<script><html>< // >@@#";echo $mrClean->paranoid($badString);// output: scripthtml

echo $mrClean->paranoid($badString, array(' ', '@'));// output: scripthtml @@

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Sessions:

Here are some of the functions you'll use most:

check ($name);del ($name);delete ($name);Error ();flash ($key = 'flash');read ($name);renew ();;

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Security:

RequirePost()

class ThingsController extends AppController{var $components = array('Security');function beforeFilter(){$this->Security->requirePost('delete');}function delete($id){// This will only happen if the action is called via an HTTP POST request$this->Thing->del($id);}}

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5 Mins Blog Tutorial

with Unit Testing

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