Phonics Supplements

Laura HannCK-12 English

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Printed: July 16, 2017

AUTHORSLaura HannCK-12 English

SOURCEBased on D.W. Cummings’ TheBasic Speller

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Contents www.ck12.org

Contents

1 The Diphthong [oi] 1

2 Digraph Spellings of Long 4

3 7

4 Combinations [ur] and [] 10

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www.ck12.org Concept 1. The Diphthong [oi]

CONCEPT 1 The Diphthong [oi]1. You can hear the diphthong [oi] in spoil and joy. It sounds like a short <o> run together with a short < i >. Thesound [oi] is spelled either <oi> or <oy>. Underline the letters that spell [oi] in each of the following words:

enjoy moisten toilet soiled

joys pointed royal loyalty

oil boil voyage poison

toying coin voice destroy

2. Sort the sixteen words into these two groups:

TABLE 1.1: Words in which [oi] is spelled...

<oi> <oy>oil toilet enjoy voyagemoisten voice joys loyaltypointed soiled toying destroyboil poison royalcoin

3. Here are some words that contain the diphthong [oi]. They have been analyzed into their elements. Look at eachcarefully and notice whether the [oi] sound is at the front, in the middle, or at the end of its element:

en+joy+ment join+ing toil+et ap+point+ment

joy+ful+ly choice+s roy+al de+stroy+er

boil oil+y voy+age spoil+ed

boy+‘s coin point+less a+void

un+soil+ed voice+less+ly loy+al+ty poison

4. Now sort the twenty words into the matrix, as we have done with enjoyment.

TABLE 1.2: Words with [oi]...

at the end of the element not at the end of the elementWords with [oi]spelled <oy>

enjoymentjoyfullyboy’sroyalvoyageloyaltydestroyer

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TABLE 1.2: (continued)

at the end of the element not at the end of the elementWords with [oi]spelled <oi>

boilunsoiledjoiningchoicesoilycoinvoicelesslytoiletpointlessappointmentspoiledavoidpoison

5. How Do You Spell [oi]? When the sound [oi] comes at the very end of an element, it is spelled <oy>; everywhereelse it is spelled <oi>.

Word Venn. In circle A put only words that contain the sound [ou]. In circle B put only words that contain the sound[oi]. In circle C put only words that contain the sound [z]:

amounts√

vowels√

bicyclist√

coins√

outpointed√

voices√

purest√

journals√

appointments√

allowance√

toilets√

thousands√

cowboys√

specialize√

houseboy√

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www.ck12.org Concept 1. The Diphthong [oi]

Teaching Notes.

Item 3. The free base toil originally meant “web, weaving.” It is our free base toil “net, trap,” as in “They werecaught in the wicked villain’s toils.” The evolution of our current sense of toilet is complex: Originally toilet meant“little cloth”; it was used to refer to the cloth used to keep toilet articles clean. Then it transferred to the table onwhich the articles were kept, then to the act of adorning oneself, then to the room in which the toilet took place,then to our current senses. The base roy “king” occurs also in royalty viceroy. Folk etymology has taken corduroyto mean “cord, or cloth, of the king,” though corduroy has nothing to do with France or French.

Item 5. That is a good rule for spelling [oi]. The only common words that don’t fit it are oyster and gargoyle. Oyster,with the <oy> spelling at the front rather than the end of the element, was earlier spelled <oister>, which did fit therule. We don’t really know why the spelling was changed. Gargoyle, with the <oy> spelling in the middle of theelement, was once spelled <oi> (and several other ways!). Again, we don’t know why the <oy> spelling becamestandard.

For more on the history and spelling of [oi], see AES, pp. 301-03.

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CONCEPT 2 Digraph Spellings of Long

Learning Objectives

• Recognize long <e> spelled <ea>, <ee>, <ey>

A digraph is a combination of two letters used to spell a single sound. Long <e> is spelled by a number of differentdigraphs like <ea>, <ee>, and <ey>, as well as others.

Examples

Some high frequency words with [e] spelled <ey> include: abbey, alley, attorney, barley, chimney, donkey, honey,jersey, journey, key, money, monkey, turkey, and valley.

The digraph <oe> comes from Greek. Several words with <oe> have more English-looking spellings with just plain<e>: ameba, for instance, and subpena.

The digraph <ae> comes from Latin. In Latin <ae> is a common ending for plural nouns. Several of these nounshave more regular English plurals with -s: amoebas (or amebas), for instance.

The digraph <eo> in people comes from an old French word that was sometimes spelled people, sometimes peple,sometimes poeple. The French word came from the Latin word populus, which meant “people” and also gave uswords like popular and population. Remembering the <o> in popular and population can help you remember the<o> in people.

Review

1. Read the following words aloud. Underline the digraphs that are spelling [e] in the following words.

agreement referee pioneers colleague subpoena

seagulls donkey larvae amoebae proceed

algae foreseeable league thirteen pulley

peaceable greasy leading trolley disease

committee guarantee employee people breathed

2. Now sort the words into the following groups.

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www.ck12.org Concept 2. Digraph Spellings of Long

Notice that the digraph <ey> only spells [e] when it comes at the end of the word. In this way it is very much likethe <y> spelling of [e], which also only occurs at the end of the word.

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Review (Answers)

1.

agreement re f eree pioneers colleague subpoena

seagulls donkey larvae amoebae proceed

algae f oreseeable league thirteen pulley

peaceable greasy leading trolley disease

committee guarantee employee people breathed

2.

TABLE 2.1: Words with [e] spelled with the digraph...

<ee> <ea> <ey>agreements pioneers seagulls disease donkeycommittee employee leading colleague trolleyreferee thirteen peaceable greasy pullyforeseeable proceed league breathedguarantee

TABLE 2.2: Words with [e] spelled with the digraph...

<ae> <oe> <eo>algae amoebae amoebae peoplelarvae subpoena

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www.ck12.org Concept 3.

CONCEPT 3Learning Objectives

• Determine when <w> is acting as a vowel or a consonant

The letter <y> is one example of a letter that sometimes acts as a vowel and sometimes as a consonant. The letter<w> is another letter that sometimes acts as a vowel and sometimes a consonant.

The letter <w> is usually a consonant. It is a vowel only when it teams up with an <a>, <e>, or <o> to spell a singlesound—as in the words draw, few, and low. So the letter <w> is a vowel only in the two-letter teams <aw>, <ew>,and <ow>.

Everywhere else <w> is a consonant. It is a consonant when it spells the sound it does at the front of way, and it is aconsonant when it teams up with <r> and <h>— as in write and who.

Examples

Listen to the sound the <w> is spelling or helping to spell in each of these words. Then determine if it is acting as avowel or a consonant.

1. In below, the <w> is working in the team <ow> and thus is acting as a vowel.

2. In went, the <e> is making the vowel sound and the <w> is not working in an <aw>, <ew>, or <ow> team, so itis acting as a consonant.

Review

1. Listen to the sound the <w> is spelling or helping to spell in each of these words. Then sort the words into thetwo groups below:

away what below went

saw write would new

yellow women few white

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TABLE 3.1: Words in which the <w> is ...

a vowel a consonant

2. Each word in Column 1 below contains a <w> or a <y>. Sometimes the <w> or <y> is a consonant, sometimes avowel. Spell each word in Column 1 backwards and you will get a new word. Write these new words in Column 2.Then put a check mark after each word that contains a <w> or <y> that is a vowel. We’ve given you a start:

TABLE 3.2:

Column 1 Column 2was sawdray yardflowwetsstrawpaywaryawsdrawwonk

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Review (Answers)

1. Listen to the sound the <w> is spelling or helping to spell in each of these words. Then sort the words into thetwo groups below:

away what below went

saw write would new

yellow women few white

TABLE 3.3: Words in which the <w> is ...

a vowel a consonantsaw awayyellow whatbelow writefew womennew would

wentwhite

2. Each word in Column 1 below contains a <w> or a <y>. Sometimes the <w> or <y> is a consonant, sometimes avowel. Spell each word in Column 1 backwards and you will get a new word. Write these new words in Column 2.Then put a check mark after each word that contains a <w> or <y> that is a vowel.

TABLE 3.4:

Column 1 Column 2was saw

√

dray√

yardflow

√wolf

wets stew√

straw√

wartspay

√yaps

war raw√

yaws√

sway√

draw√

wardwonk know

√

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CONCEPT 4 Combinations [ur] and []Learning Objectives

• Recognize strong and weak stressed vowels in words like "service"

You can hear both of the combinations [ur] and [] in the word burner. Each of them combines a vowel with thesound of the <r>. They sound much alike, but one has strong stress and the other has weak stress. In burner thestrong stress is on the first vowel.

The pronunciation of the vowel sound with strong stress in burner is written [ur]. The one with weak stress is writtenwith a schwa: []. We write the pronunciation of burner this way: [búrn].

Review

1. Each of the following words contains the sound [ur]; none contains the sound []. Mark the strong stress in eachword and underline the letters that spell [ur].

perching courage service purpose

2. Each of the following words contains the sound []; none contains [ur]. Mark the strong stress in each word andthen underline the letters that spell [].

center dollars doctor effort

3. Each of the following words contains either the sound [ur] or the sound []. None of them contains both. Mark thestrong stress in each word and underline the letters that spell the [ur] or the [].

urgent color circle surface

4. Which of the four words contains []? ________________.

5. Each of the following words contains both [ur] and []. Mark the strong stress in each word and underline theletters that spell [].

searcher murder workers murmur

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www.ck12.org Concept 4. Combinations [ur] and []

Review (Answers)

1.

perching courage service purpose

2.

center dollars doctor e f f ort

3.

urgent color circle sur f ace

4. Which of the four words contains []? color.

5.

searcher murder workers murmur

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Explore More

Word Flow

In this Word Flow you can string together about one hundred words. Some will contain [ur]; some will contain [ur]and []. If you can get more than fifty words, you are doing very well.

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www.ck12.org Concept 4. Combinations [ur] and []

Explore More (Answers)

Answers will vary. Some words include: squirt, learn, and turtle.

References

1. CK-12 Foundation. .

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