Image sources: http://www.tvhistory.tv/2000_Sept-Oct_TECH_REV-Pg97.JPGhttp://www.public.asu.edu/~chrisdon/research/promo/PhiloTFarnsworth.jpg

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Contents

1. Introduction 4

1.1 Project Objectives 4

1.2 Rationale 4

2. His Contribution, The Electronic Television 5

3. The Dramatic Shift 7

3.1 Impact on Viewership 7

3.2 Impact on the Entertainment 8

3.3 Impact on dissemination and nature of information 10

3.4 Impact on the Medical Field 11

3.5 Economics Impact 11

4. Showcase of Activities 13

4.1 Preliminary survey 13

4.2 Overall Plan 14

4.3 Exhibition 15

4.4 Blog Design Competition 16

5. Evaluation of activities 16

5.1 Benefits 16

5.1.1 Exhibition 17

5.1.2 Blog Design competition 19

5.1.3 Brochures 19

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5.2 Limitations and Solutions 20

5.2.1 Time management 20

5.2.2 Monetary Problem 20

5.2.3 Prizes and gifts 20

5.2.4 Exhibition 21

6. Conclusion 21

7. Bibliography 22

8. Annexes 23

Annex 1: Survey questions 23

Annex 2: Survey Results 25

Annex 3: Extract from a video produced by RCA in 1956 29

Annex 4: Exhibition Floor Plan 30

Annex 5: Sample of brochure 31

Annex 6: A sample advertising poster 32

Annex 7: A sample crossword puzzle 33

Annex 8: A sample jigsaw puzzle 34

Annex 9: A sample word search 35

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1. Introduction

1.1 Project Objectives

Television has been with us for many years and its impact on society has truly been

pervasive. Probably not many know the first man in human history who has contributed

much in the evolution of television.

This project therefore seeks to introduce the father of electronic television system, Philo

Taylor Farnsworth. It will also include other inventions that Farnsworth invented. It will

examine the impacts and dramatic shift that his life and contributions caused to human

societies in social, medical and economic fields of human endeavours today. This

project will also present various ways to showcase Farnsworth to the public.

1.2 Rationale

We want to show our targeted audience the students in particular and the public in

general to learn from Farnsworth who despite coming from a poor family and having no

proper education, could become famous in his later life for inventing the first electronic

television all through hard work and a sheer determination to success against all odds. It

is this person of Farnsworth that we want the students to emulate by having an inquiring

mind and working through their dreams with determination and hard work. Whatever

their situations in life they can succeed in life and make great impact on society. Their

social status matters not. They can accomplish whatever they want with sheer

determination and hard work.

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2. His Contribution, the Electronic Television

Throughout his life, Farnsworth invented many great inventions that have a great impact

on the world such as the isolette (baby incubator), to maintain pre-matured babies

temperature when they cannot do so on their own; the PPI Projector, which allowed

safe control of air traffic from the ground, and the Fusor, which is used for nuclear

fusion.

Farnsworth was remembered best in the invention of electronic television system. It was

no exaggeration to say that because of his contribution in the development of electronic

television system the world has become a far richer place for us to live, work and play

even till today. Where it takes days to bring news in vivid dramatic happenings, the

world of television bring instant information, communication and gratification in seeing

them features on television thus making the world smaller.

The television system then was primitive and cumbersome in that it was built

mechanically based mainly on a spinning disc that produced the image sensor. The

images produced by such mechanical disc resulted in the resolutions to be poor and

has to be a certain size.

In the fertile mind of Farnsworth, he saw that television could be produced

electronically. Where the world then thought electronic television was an impossibility,

Farnsworth thought otherwise. In his dream, he truly believed that electronic television

was nearer than the world would ever dare to imagine. His driving passion to invent

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electronic television was so radical, so impossible that he spent nearly his whole life

working on such a system.

The beginning of his dream started when at the age of 14 years he drew a drawing

showing the basic concept of electronic television

system. When he showed his teacher the drawing, the

teacher was absolutely stunned by the diagram. It was

so simple and yet so advance for his age and time that

the teacher, after some explanation made by

Farnsworth, was convinced that electronic television

was a possibility. This basic drawing can be seen in

figure 1.

That was the turning point of Farnsworth’s passion in producing electronic television.

Through sheer hard work and dedication to his dream, he continually experimented in

many ways to produce the system. He faced several failures in his experiments but he

never for once doubt that his dream was unachievable.

After years of determination and hard work, the breakthrough came on 7th September

1927 when Farnsworth finally was able to produce the first fully electronic television.

From then on he began improving on it. The profound impact of his invention

revolutionized the way television works. Where the mechanical television could only

Fig 1: Sketching of the basic concept of television

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display a resolution of up to 30 lines, his system could display a picture of 100 to 150

lines (McPherson, 1996, p.61).

From the above, one can see that to achieve one’s dream, one must be committed to

ones work in order to achieve the goal one has set out. There is no substitute for hard

work. Perseverance, determination and the grit to succeed were the hallmarks of

Farnsworth’s personality that the student could benefit in learning about him. He taught

us a valuable lesson – there is no short cut to success.

3. The Dramatic Shift

In this section we will study in depth how the invention of the electronic television by

Farnsworth changed the world.

3.1 Impact on Viewership

The invention of electronic television has created many dramatic impacts worldwide.

There are many fields of human endeavours that are being impacted. Some examples

are the social, medical and economical fields of human endeavours and these impacts

will be examined.

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When Farnsworth’s invention caught the attention of the world, the mechanical

televisions died a slow death. Suddenly the dinosaurs of the world were wiped off the

world when every home began to replace mechanical television with electronic

television. This was the most impact that Farnsworth invention showed. Figure 2 above

shows the tsunamic effect of his invention after it was perfected commercially. In 1946,

there were only 8,000 sets of televisions, it dramatically and overwhelmingly increased

to the incredible figure of 45,000,000 in 1960 – a mind-boggling of more than five

thousand folds increase within a short period of 14 years.

3.2 Impact on the Entertainment

Another impact of Farnsworth’s electronic television was that it provided many new

ways of entertainment compared to the past. In the old days, people get their

entertainment through live operas, musicals and stage performances. For example, in

the Middle ages, the actors had to tour the lands to provide such entertainment

(Pennycook, 1992, p. 54).

With electronic television, all sorts of entertainment can reach every home that

possessed a television to enjoy such live operas, musicals and stage performances.

More than that more news happening in the various parts of the world could be viewed

Fig. 2: The trend of American homes with television.

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in real time. The exploits of the television were fully appreciated by the educational and

news media and other institutions. Lives of human communities were never the same

with the advent of electronic television in the 20th century and beyond. Farnsworth’s

untiring work has produced one of the marvels of modern invention that saw the

unparallel blending of science and art.

To augment the impact of the invention, we did a survey on how such an invention

could benefit a person. Our survey found that of the type of entertainments that the

respondents attributed to most, it is the in the area of entertainment and leisure. Some

examples of entertainment from television programmes are variety shows like American

Idol and Survivor series, movies such as Titanic, Harry Potter series, serial drama like

CSI, cartoons like Walt Disney’s Mickey and Sesame Street, etc. Our findings can be

seen in figure 3 on the previous page.

3.3 Impact on dissemination and nature of information

Fig. 3: The benefits of television.

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Another impact of Farnsworth’s invention is that people could immediately receive news

in real time. As information transmitted are more ‘visual’, it leaves a deeper impression

on recipients of the broadcast, thus learning about current affairs was much more

effective. Happening at locations far away from the audience of the television

broadcasts are received instantaneously with interesting graphics which capture their

attention and thus making the information more memorable to them. This is far more

useful and beneficial than merely receiving groundbreaking news through the usual

channels on radios and print media.

In addition, television has become a source of mass education to the society in an

informal setting. In the past, only scientist know more about the world and commoners

who were educated will only get and understand these information which is published in

the newspaper or books. However, with electronic television, people can get and

understand this information easier and faster. This educates people about the world.

Some examples are documentaries from Animal Planet, Discovery Channel, and

National Geographic channel. The shows from these channels are usually educational

and they broadcast informal shows about Earth, animals, great activities of human,

history, etc.

3.4 Impact on the Medical Field

Another great and immense benefit of Farnsworth’s invention is in the field of medicine.

Once the education of delicate and critical microsurgeries were taught hands on. Today

with electronic television, they could be taught through the said medium to medical

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practitioners and interns. Further such surgeries can be performed more efficiently and

accurately where once it was thought impossible to do so. Other area of medical field to

benefit such invention is dentistry. As an educational tool, the medical field has taken

advantage of its usefulness.

It was mentioned in the Museum of Broadcast Communications website (July, 2007)

that television is also used in patient surveillance, for example in intensive care units, so

that several areas can be monitored from a central nurses’ station. This also helps the

doctors to observe the patient in the intensive care unit more closely and efficiently.

Television, in conjunction with technologies like computer, continues to be important

part of medical field.

3.5 Economics Impact

Perhaps arguably the greatest impact of his invention is in the economic sector of the

country. The most immediate effect of the electronic television can be seen in the

growth of the television industry. This is vividly described by a Radio Corporation of

American (RCA) that television has been “a dynamic industry employing more than a

million…..”; that “American business have found a most effective advertising medium”

and “Television servicing alone has become a major industry employing nearly one

hundred thousand people.” (The Story of Television [Video clip], RCA, 1956).

The invention of the television also sparked off the start of the motion picture and

television production industry. National broadcasting began in the UK, USA and

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Germany in the 1930s, but the popularity of the television boomed in the 1950s and

1960s (Dowswell, 2002, p. 31). Incidental to the growth of the said industry, jobs like

producers, directors, camera operators, actors increased. It was mentioned in the

Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) report (MPAA, 2007, p. 6) that in 2005,

over 1.3 million jobs were generated in the motion picture and television production

industry.

In addition, there is an increase in the advertising revenue as a result of the increase in

the numbers of television programs. The broadcasters charge advertisers more to play

commercials during hit shows like American Idol (Wan, 2007, p.6). Advertisements are

made more convincing because audiences can capture the image and sounds of the

advertisements through the television unlike through radio. The media of electronic

television became a powerful force for advertisements to influence consumers’ habits

and preferences. It helps to boost the economy. According to the MPAA report (MPAA,

2007, p. 6), in 2005, over a staggering sum of $30.20 billion in revenue was generated

to U.S vendors and suppliers.

Clearly the above showed beyond doubt that Farnsworth’s invention played a significant

part in the growth of electronic television.

4. Showcase of Activities

4.1 Preliminary survey

Prior to putting up the exhibition, we had carried out a survey to assess what is the

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public’s preference to showcase Farnsworth’s life and work. The finding can be seen

from figure 4 below that putting an exhibition is the preferred choice of the public.

4.2 Overall Plan

From the above survey our group strategise by planning to carry out a series of

activities to showcase the life and work of Philo Farnsworth. A summary of our plan is

shown in figure 5 below.

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7

Exhibition on the life and contributions of Philo T. Farnsworth

Fig 4: The preferred method to gain knowledge of Farnsworth.

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Distribution of brochures

Registration for the Blog designing competition

Internal judging of

designs

Public voting of designs

Winner of blog design competitio

n announcedBlog designing competition

Hands-on activities

From the above plan, we decided to cater for one week to hold the exhibition. We have

choosen the Suntec Singapore International Convention and Exhibition Hall (Suntec

City) as the venue.

We would be printing brochures and posters giving details of our exhibition and these

would be distributed to visitors of our exhibition during the first four days. A sample

brochure can be found in Annex 5 and a sample poster can be found in Annex 6. We

would also be printing posters on the life, work and his inventions to be put up at the

exhibition for the public to browse and at the same to educate them about Farnsworth.

4.3 Exhibition

Besides the posters, we would also prepare his life and history of his inventions by

producing power point slides. We intend to put up a 10 minutes PowerPoint slideshow.

Fig 5: The plan for the showcasing activities

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There will also be other activities such as jigsaw and crossword puzzles and word

search or quizzes and accordingly specific booths would assigned to them as shown in

figure 6. A sample of our crossword puzzle can be referred to in Annex 7, a sample of

our jigsaw puzzle in Annex 8 and a sample of the word search in Annex 9.

The floor plan for the exhibition is set out in figure 6 from the previous page. Visitors

would enter through the entrance, receive their brochures and begin with their quiz,

word search and crossword puzzle. Those who are interested in the life and his work

would loiter around the exhibition wall to browse or read about him. They can proceed

to sign up for the blog design competition if they are interested. There would be a

presentation on our groundbreaker followed by checking of their answers to the quiz,

word search and crossword. Those who managed to finish the hands-on activities would

Fig 6: The Exhibition Floor Plan

Registration Booth

Crossword Puzzle

Brochur

Checkpoint

Screen

Stage

Seats

Seats

Seats

Entrance Exit

Word Search

Refreshment

Jigsaw Puzzle

Quiz

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be awarded with small souvenirs. When they leave the exhibition, the visitors would be

handed some small refreshment when they leave the exhibition.

4.4 Blog Design Competition

In the blog designing competition, the participants will design based on Philo

Farnsworth’s biography, inventions and the benefits of his contributions to mankind. Ten

selected entries will be announced during the exhibition on the sixth day and the overall

winning entry will be announced on the last day of the exhibition. The winning blog will

be published on a website so the information could be shared with the public.

5. Evaluation of Activities

5.1 Benefits

The electronic television is an important and popular component of the mass media.

The activities held would increase the public’s awareness about Philo Farnsworth, the

inventor of electronic television. The public would also gain more knowledge about

Farnsworth’s other contributions and how it has affected our lives from the past to the

present.

5.1.1 Exhibition

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It can be seen from figure 7 that the preferred method that appeals to the public is by

way of an exhibition. Since it appeals most to the public, it would benefit the public the

most and gain information faster. Also, by using the surveys that we conducted, we will

have more accurate information on what we will present in our exhibition as to suit the

audience’s needs. In this way we would know what and how we are suppose to let the

audience appreciate Farnsworth.

Fig 7: The preferred method to gain knowledge of Farnsworth.

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Additionally, benefits of Farnsworth’s invention of the television would be shown on the

exhibition. Our survey in Fig 8 above has shown his invention of the television have

impacted human lives. It would further illustrate the importance of Farnsworth’s

invention to the visitors. The quizzes, word search and crossword puzzles held at the

exhibition would encourage the public to focus during the presentation to remember the

information in order to answer those questions correctly to get their souvenir. The

jigsaw would also help them remember how Philo Farnsworth looks like.

Fig 8: The benefits of television

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5.1.2 Blog Design competition

Our survey findings on the previous page as shown in figure 9 shows that about 86% of

the public do not know what other inventions Philo Farnsworth has invented. Thus this

activity will allow the public to know more about Farnsworth and his inventions. This

competition will serve as an inspiration to youths about inventing new things that

benefits the society. Getting them to do research for the blog would allow them know

more about Philo Farnsworth as well.

5.1.3 Brochures

Printing and distributing of brochures to highlight Farnsworth inventions is another

consideration. The brochures designed will include pictures of Farnsworth and his

inventions making it more attractive. In this way, the viewers would have background

knowledge about Farnsworth and refer again conveniently to the information needed in

future.

Fig 9: Public knowledge of other inventions of Farnsworth

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5.2 Limitations and possible solutions

5.2.1 Time management

One of the limitations is that we are constrained by time to implement the various

activities set out in paragraph above as we have only one week to properly introduce

Philo Farnsworth. One suggested solution is that we would have a division of labour

and a distribution of work among our members. In this way we can be able to manage

our time efficiently and properly when carrying out the activities.

5.2.2 Monetary Problem

We steer clear of organising large scale exhibition due to financial constrain. It entails

printing brochures though we could consider getting sponsors such as Akira,

Kingswood and Enzer to help defray the costs of printing brochures. We also decided to

shift our venue for the exhibition from the Suntec city convention centre to the school

hall.

5.2.3 Prizes and gifts

We expect the response for the blog design competition to be less than encouraging.

Hence we may have to obtain corporate sponsors such as Akira to provide prizes such

as an mp3 player to attract participants to the competition. They might help as the

theme of our exhibition is on the benefits of television and that is linked closely to their

products and thus provides them with the opportunity to display and advertise their

products.

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5.2.4 Exhibition

A large scale exhibition at Suntec city convention centre would cost a lot thus holding it

in school would be more affordable and the school hall would be an ideal place. Also,

holding a mobile exhibition is another way to increase the exposure of Farnsworth. The

flexibility and accessibility of mobile exhibition makes it more favourable to promote

Farnsworth at various locations around Singapore so as to create an awareness of his

contribution in electronic television. It is also more cost effective than at an expensive

location even though the human traffic might be higher.

6. Conclusion

To celebrate our groundbreaker’s eminence in electronic television, we have planned to

host a series of activities such as holding an exhibition, hands-on activities, organizing a

blog designing competition and distributing brouchers. These series of activities seek to

remember that his invention has far reaching effects in our lives even till today by

making the world shrunk in terms of communication and delivery of contents across the

globe through television even in the deep waters of the ocean or the space of the

universe. If anyone would think of a groundbreaker in electronic television, Philo Taylor

Farnsworth is the man.

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7. Bibliography

Sammartino, S. McPherson. (1996). TV’s Forgotten Hero: The Story of Philo Farnsworth. Minneapolis: Carolrhoda Books, Inc.

Sturm, E. (2007). Philo Farnsworth and the Television. Mankato Minnesota: Capstone Press.

Henderson, H. (1997). Communications and Broadcasting. USA: Facts On File, Inc.

Riehecky, Janet. (1996). Television. New York: Benchmark Books, Marshall Cavendish Corportion

Guofang, Wan. (2007). TV Takeover: questioning Television. Mankato Minnesota: Capstone Press.

Dowswell, Pual. (2002). Entertainment. Great Britain; Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd.

Pennycook, Veronica. (1992). Facts & Records. London, Kingfisher Books, Grisewood & Dempsey Ltd.

Motion Picture Association of America. (2007). The Economic Impact of the Motion Picture and Television Production Industry on United States. United States of America. Available: http://www.mpaa.org/press_releases/mpa%20us%20economic%20impact%20report_final.pdf.

Radio Corporation of America (1956). The Story of Television. [Videotape]. United States of America: Radio Corporation of America. Available: http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=406596257030781787.

Mitchell Stephens. (2000). The History of Television. [On-Line]. Available: http://www.nyu.edu/classes/stephens/History%20of%20Television%20page.htm . (April 26, 2007).

About, Inc., The New York Times Company (1996). Philo Farnsworth. [On-Line]. Available: http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blfarnsworth.htm. (May 12, 2007)

Dr Subodh Mahanti. Philo Taylor Farnsworth: The Forgotten Genius. [On-Line]. Available: http://www.vigyanprasar.gov.in/scientists/PTFarnsworth.htm. (June 14, 2007)

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge. (1999). PHILO T. FARNSWORTH (1906-1971): Electronic television. [On-Line]. Available: http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/farnsworth.html. (May 12, 2007)

Lyudmila Dekhtyar. Biography of Philo T. Farnsworth. [On-Line]. Available: http://ww2.slcc.edu/schools/hum_sci/physics/whatis/biography/farnsworth.html. (July 25, 2007)

J.C. Turner. Medical Video. [On-Line]. Available: http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/M/htmlM/medicalvideo/medicalvideo.htm. (July 25, 2007)

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Annex 1 (Survey Questions)

Survey

The aim of this survey is to show how well the public knows about the history of the inventor of the first electronic television and to show how the television has affected our lives.

Tick the option which you think is the most suitable.

1. Who do you think invented the first electronic television?

(i) Guglielmo Marconi(ii) Philo Farnsworth(iii) Donald Bitzer(iv) John Logie Baird(v) Paul Nipkow

2. Which was the first type of electronic TV invented?

(i) Projection TV(ii) Radio vision(iii) Direct-Tube(iv) Kinetoscope

3. Do you know what other inventions the inventor has invented?

Yes

No

23.8%31.7%26.9%11.1%6.34%

22.2%26.9%30.1%20.6%

14.2%

85.7%

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4. What do you think are the other inventions invented by the inventor?(You may tick more than 1 answer for this question).(i) Telephone(ii) Fusor(iii) Light bulb(iv) Infant incubator

5. How has the invention of the television benefited you?

Entertainment / Leisure – 54.7%Education – 12.5%Gaining of knowledge of Current Affiars – 18.6%Getting news and updates faster – 14.2%

6. Would you want to know more about the person who invented the electronic television?

Yes

No

7. Which would be your preferred method of gaining information about the person who invented the electronic television? Please order them in terms of your preferences.(Most preferred: 1 ; Least preferred: 2)

Blogs

Exhibition

Other methods: 1) Newsletter, 2) Road show, 3) Documentary

Thank YouHave a nice day

22.7%44.3%8.86%24.0%

55.5%

44.5%

45.5%

54.5%

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Annex 2 (Survey Results)

About 32% of the public think that Philo Farnsworth invented the first electionic

television.

About 30 % of the public chose Direct-Tube as the first type of electronic TV invented.

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About 86% of the public do not know what other inventions Philo Farnsworth has

invented.

About 44% of the public think that Fusor is one of the inventions invented by Philo

Farnsworth. About 24% of the public also think that Infant Incubator is another

inventions invented by Farnsworth.

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About 54.7 % of the public think that television has provided them with entertainment.

About 56% of the public want to know more about Philo Farnsworth, the person who

invented the electronic television.

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About 54.5% of the public preferred to gain more information about Philo Farnsworth through exhibition.

Numbers of surveys voided: 11

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Annex 3 (Extract from a video produced by RCA in 1956)

A dynamic industry employing more than a million. Television, an unparallel blending of

science and art, invention and engineering, private incentive and public service. By

television, American business have found the most effective advertising medium and in

turn, advertising has provided the resources that sustain the standards of programming

and permit the never ending research that is the heart of the television industry.

Television servicing alone has become a major industry employing nearly one hundred

thousand people.

Yes, in a little more than a wake of time, television has entered our homes our lives

implanted new silhouettes in our skylines and all these are just the beginning. There is

still another dream to be realised, still another dimension to be added. Black and white

television has been the hero. It put millions of television sets in our homes, built

hundreds of television stations, created an industry, an art of public service, an

exhilarating component of our American way of life. It provided the foundation for the

next giant step forward, colour.

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Annex 4 (Exhibition Floor Plan)

RegistrationBooth

CrosswordPuzzle

Brochures

Checkpoint

Screen

Stage

Seats

Seats

Seats

Entrance Exit

WordSearch

Refreshment

Jigsaw Puzzle

Quiz

31

Annex 5 (Sample of brochure)

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Annex 6 (A sample advertising poster)

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Annex 7 (A sample crossword puzzle)

1C

1 I 2F

3T

2 D

3 I

4 S

NAcross:

1 Philo dreamt that _______ could be transmitted line by line electronically.2 When Philo was 14, he came up with the basic concept of the image __________.

3 Philo invented the ________ which was used to maintain pre-matured babies temperature.

4 The ___________ was invented to help soldiers to shoot in the dark.

Downwards:1 Philo’s tubes were all based on ______ ray tubes.2 Philo invented the first _____ which could join atoms together.3 Philo made the first fully-electronic __________ when he was only 21.

Answers:(Across) 1.Image 2.Dissector 3.Isolette 4.Sniperscope(Downwards) 1.Cathode 2.Fusor 3.Television

Annex 8 (A sample Jigsaw puzzle)

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Annex 9 (A sample word search)

E T L Z O E A G P E T Z B T Z T RF O C R O S G F M M R M C T S L CE H L L K X D T E H W R U O N E QE A K S A W L A F U S O R W I I TS T E O M E G I I N V O O Y P A ZT U P S O E H J N E D R T E E S EN S S R T K E E J E S E C M R R TE S U I D N C T Q T I T E Z S S ET U B S P F E V U L O W S K C G LA I E S E E P T T E N Y S E O E EP H I L O F A R N S W O R T H K VL D N L E H E S O D I O D T E C IH C Z E E X I G O T A S E C R E SD T S T F N V S H G H A G E P S IE B U T Y A R E D O H T A C F Q OD Z L E K R N Q P M A M M Q I E NA S I C T L C H R G E T I G P C E

Find the words in bold in the grid above. There are no spaces.

1. Philo Farnsworth was born in Utah on the 19th of August, 1906

2. Philo Farnsworth was the first person who invented a fully electronic television.

3. The first working model of electronic Television was released on the 27th

September 1927.

4. The Cathode Ray Tube formed the basis for all Farnsworth’s electronic television

systems.

5. The Image Dissector was an electronic television camera tube invented by Philo

Farnsworth.

6. The first televised image was a single horizontal line.

7. Philo Farnsworth also invented the Sniperscope was used in the World War 2

which was created by Philo Farnsworth to help the soldiers shoot in the dark.

8. Philo invented the Isolette for those premature babies who were too frail to

survive in a normal environment. It is also known as a baby incubator.

9. Philo Farnsworth had approximately a total of 165 US patents.

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10. The fusor, invented by Philo, is an apparatus used to create nuclear fusion.

Answers to the word search:

E T L Z O E A G P E T Z B T Z T RI M A G E D I S S E C T O R S L CE H L L K X D T E H W R U O N E QE A K S A W L A F U S O R W I I TS T E O M E G I I N V O O Y P A ZT U P S O E H J N E D R T I E S EN S S R T K E E J E S E C S R R TE S U I D N C T Q T I T E O S S ET U B S P F E V U L O W S L C G LA I E S E E P T T E N Y S E O E EP H I L O F A R N S W O R T H K VL D N L E H E S O D I O D T E C IH C Z E E X I G O T A S E E R E SD T S T F N V S H G H A G E P S IE B U T Y A R E D O H T A C F Q OD Z L E K R N Q P M A M M Q I E NA S I C T E P O C S R E P I N S E