phan tich thiet ke he thong thong tin 2

7/27/2019 Phan tich thiet ke he thong thong tin 2

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PHN TCH THIT

K HTTT

i hc Khoa Hc T NhinKhoa CNTTThS Phm Nguyn Cng


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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phngphp m hnh ha 2Phn 1 - Tng quan

Chng 2M HNH V CC

PHNG PHP M HNH HA M hnh

Phng php m hnh ho

Lch s cc phng php m hnh ha

Mt s phng php phn tch thit k hthng hng i tng

Mt s m hnh tiu biu


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M hnh (Model)

M hnh l mt dng th hin n ginho ca th gii thc (Efraim Turban ).

Cc c im:Din t mt mc tru tng ha

Tun theo mt quan im

C mt hnh thc biu din (vn bn, ho: th, s , biu ,)


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Phn loi m hnh

M hnh tnh v m hnh ngM hnh tnh:

Biu din thng s h thng Cu trc ca h thng (d liu, thng tin) v

nhng cu trc tnh khc

M hnh ng:

Biu din hnh vi, th tc ca h thng S tng tc gia cc i tng nhm thc hin

hot ng h thng


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M hnh ho (modeling)

L cng vic biu din th gii thc dngm hnh

Mc ch ca m hnh ho:Lm sng t vn tip cnM phng c hnh nh tng t ca h

thngGia tng kh nng duy tr h thngLm n gin ha h thng


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Phng php m hnh ha

(Methodology) Phng php m hnh ho (phng php phn tch thit

k) l mt tp cc khi nim, quy tc, th t v cchthc hin biu din HTTT khi chuyn i thnh t

ng ho. Thnh phn mt phng php:

Tp khi nim v m hnh V d: phng php SA: m hnh DFD, phng php BOOCH:

Class diagram, Object diagram, State transition diagram, module

diagram, process diagram, interaction diagram Qui trnh trin khai: gm cc bc v kt qu tng bc Cng c tr gip


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Chng 2M HNH V CC


Phng php m hnh ho



Mt s m hnh tiu biu


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Thp nin 60 Phng php s ng vi c tnh chung l chun

ha k thut ca cc nh pht trin ng dng

Thp nin 70 Phng php Descartes vi c trng l phn r

chc nng ca HTTT theo m hnh phn cp v ngdng cc phng php lp trnh cu trc, n th.Mt s phng php: HIPO, SADT, SA hay SSA,SA/SD,

Hng tip cn: Tnh r rng Tnh dng S rt gn


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Lch s cc phng php m hnh ha Thp nin 70 (tip)

Phn loi Phn tch cu trc: phn r chc nng HTTT (HIPO, SADT,

PSL/PSA, SA-SD, SSA, SASS ) Khi nim cu trc: m t cu trc cc n th (PSL/PSA,

JSD, SA-SD )

u im Tip cn theo hng t trn xung (top down) D dng p dng cho cc h thng c cu thnh bi

nhng thnh phn ghp ni Tip cn tng bc

Khuyt im Thiu qui lut chnh xc trong s phn r Thiu cc rng buc v vic b tr x l theo thi gian Kh khn trong vic phn r mt h thng ln


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Lch s cc phng php m hnh ha Thp nin 80: phng php h thng, tip cn d liu

v x l: MERISE, IDA, REMORA, IA, Cch tip cn Tnh ton th Tnh ng n

Phn loi M hnh cu trc d liu ca h thng(hng tip cn CSDL) M hnh hnh vi h thng(tip cn theo hng x l) Bao gm 2 trng phi

Lng phn d liu v x l: MCT, SADT, MERISE Khng phn bit r rng gia d liu v x l: IDA, Remora, ACM-

PCM, CIAM

u im M hnh ERA c s dng rng ri nht 2 cch tip cn ca h thng v d liu v x l Quan tm n nhng thnh phn khng tin hc ha

Khuyt im Lng phn d liu v x l


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Lch s cc phng php m hnh ha Thp nin 90: phng php hng i tng, m hnh

tiu biu l OOD, HOOD, BON, OSA, v sau ny lOOSA, OOA, OMT, CRC, OOM, OOAD, UML/RUP c trng c bn

Tnh bao bc (encapsulation) Tnh phn loi (classification) Tnh kt hp (aggregation) Tnh tha k (heritage)

Phn loi: 2 hng Lp trnh:lp trnh n th -> hng i tng H qun tr CSDL: CSDL hng i tng

Cch tip cn: 2 cch Phng php k thut: CNPM (OOD, HOOD, BON, BOOCH,

MECANO, OODA) Phng php ton cc:HTTT (OOA, OOSA, OOAD, OMT, OOM )


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Thp nin 90u im

Cu trc ho c cc cu trc phc tp v s dng ccu trc qui

Xc nh c i tng ca h thng qua nh danh itng

Tnh tha k c a ra to tin cho vic ti s dng

Khuyt im Nhiu khi nim biu din, kh rc ri trong vic phn bit

ng ngha mt s khi nim gn nhau

Xc nh mt i tng kh kh khn Hng tip cn v h thng vn cn n gin

Kiu i tng hnh vi M hnh ER -> i tng


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Lch s cc phng php m hnh ha Tng hp lch s phng php tip cn

D lieu

Tip cn i tng

Jsd

OMT OOM

CRCOODa

Ida

OOSA

Merise

Remora

Axial

Ssa

Hipo

Tip cn Descartes

Arianne

Protee

Corig

Tip cn hthng

90

80

70

60

X ly

Sadt

Sa/sd

Niam

OOA

UML/RUP

Thi gian


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Chng 2M HNH V CC


Phng php m hnh ho


Mt s phng php phn tch thit kh thng hng i tng

Mt s m hnh tiu biu


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OMT Object Modeling Technique

Tip cn theo 3 cch nhn v h thng: M hnh i tng m t cch nhn tnh v

h thng (lp, thuc tnh, ton t, k tha,

mi kt hp,) M hnh ng h thng m t kha cnh

ca h thng c th thay i theo thi gian(trng thi, s kin, hnh ng, hat ng)

M t chc nng v vic chuyn i dliu bn trong


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OOA Object Oriented Analysis

S dng nguyn l cu trc ho kt hpvi quan im hng i tng. Gm 5bc:Tm lp v i tngXc nh cu trc: cu trc tng qut

chuyn bit; cu trc tng th thnh phnXc nh ch : tng hp m hnh lp v i

tng thnh cc nh v ln hnXc nh thuc tnhXc nh dch v: nh ngha cc ton t cho

cc lp


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Chng 2M HNH V CC


Phng php m hnh ho



Mt s m hnh tiu biu


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Mt s m hnh

M hnh

M hnh t chc

M hnh dng d liu

M hnh m hnh ng

M hnh d liu

M hnh i tng


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M hnh t chc M hnh phn cp chc nng: phn r mt

chc nng tng hp thnh nhng chc nng chitit hn. V d: biu din cc chc nng ca h thng ca

hng nc giai kht

H qun l ca hng

Bn hng K ton Qun l tnkho

Qun l nhphng

Qun lxut

Bo co tnBn l Qunl nhng

Qun cngn

Chc nng

Quan h baohm


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M hnh t chc M hnh

lunchuyn(h thng) V d:

biu dinqu trnh

x l thng caca hngNGK

t mua NGK

hng Kim tra nhng

hng khng

hp l hng

hp l

Kim tn kho Lu n hng

CSDL

Tn kho

Danh

sch tnkho

Ln k hochgiao

hng

Lp phiu

giao hng

Phiu giaohng

Lu phiu giaohngPhiu giao

hngGhi nhn tn

kho mi

Khch hng B phn bn hng Kho Vn phng


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M hnh dng d liu M hnh tng tc thng tin

Khch

hng

Phng bn

hng

Vn phng

Kho

Tc nhn

Dng d liu, thng tin

n t muaNGK hng b tchiThng tin giao NGK

n t mua

NGKTn khontmua

NGK

Thng

tin

giao

NGK

V d: M hnh tng tc t hng ca hng NGK


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M hnh dng d liu M hnh dng d liu (DFD)

V d: Biu din m hnh DFD ca x l t hng ca ca hngNGK

Khch hng

Kim tra

hng

Thng bo

t chi hng

n t mua NGK

H khng hp l

H b t chi

Luhng

n t mua NGK

H hpl

Tnh tnkho

Lp han giao

hng

Tn kho NGK

Ho n giao hng

NGK giao + ha n H hng giao

mua NGK

Thng tin tn kho

H mi

Ha n giao hng

X l

Dng d liu

u cui

Kho d liu


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M hnh ng M hnh mng Petri-netV d: cc trng thi ca mt n hng NGK

t hng Ln lch giao hng

Giao hng

Thanh ton

hng

mi

ln lch

giao thanh

ton

Trng thiBin c

Trng thihin hnh


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M hnh ng M hnh trng thi

V d: trng thi mt n hng NGK

Trng thi khi to

Trng thi kt thc

Trng thi

Bin c

hng mi Hp l

B t chi ln lch giao

thanh ton

t hngChp nhn t

hng

T chi do khnghp l

Thanh ton

Giao hng

giao

Ln lch giao

2 nm

1 thng


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M hnh ng M hnh x l MeriseV d: biu din x l ca mt n hng NGK

t hng

Kim tra n hng

c Khng

T chi nhng

Ln lch giaohng (b)

Thanh ton

n hng(a)

a v b

Giao hng

Lun lun

n hng giao

Bin c

ng b

Hnh ng


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M hnh d liu M hnh quan h NGK(MA_NGK, TEN_NGK, HIEU, LOAI, DVTINH,

DON_GIA) HANG_NGK(SO_DDH, NGAY_DAT, KHACH_HANG,

NGAYGIAO, TRANG THAI)

CHITIET_DDH(MA_NGK, SO_DDH, SL_DAT,DONGIA_DAT)

Cu trc c bn

QUAN_H1 (THUC TNH KHA1, THUC TNH,) QUAN_H2 (THUC TNH KHA2, THUC TNH KHA

NGOI,)


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M hnh d liu

M hnh mng

NGK

HANG_NGK

CHITIET_DDH

KHCH_HANG

LOAI_NGK Loi thc th

Lin kt 1-1


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M hnh d liu

M hnh thc th - kt hp

NGK

HNG_NGK

T

KHCH_HNG

LOI_NGKTHUC

CA

(0,n)

(1,n)

(1,1) (0,n)

(1,n)(1,1)

Thc th Mi kt hp


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M hnh i tng

M hnh i tng theo OOA

Lp & i tngKt hp

Tng qut ho(IS A)

Thnh phn(Is Part - Of)

Thng ip(Message)

i tc

M sH tna chin thoi

Nh cung ng

Phng thc thanh ton

Khch hng

Cng n ti a

Trgi t hng()

NGK

M sTn

VT

n gi

Hng

M sNgy tNgy giao

Tng tr giTnh trgia hng()

NGK t

S lng tn giTr gi()

1

n

n

n

1n


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UML (Unified Modeling Language)

Phng php Booch + phng php OMT UP (Unified Process) (1994)

Jacobson n lc tch hp phng

php UP + OOSEUML u tin (1996) UML 1.0 cng b (1/1997)

UML 2.0 cng b (2004)


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Cc phng php khcBooch OMT

UML 0.8 (95)

UML 0.9 (96)

UML 1.0 (1- 97)

UML 1.1 (11- 97)

OOSECc thnh vin cng nghip(HP, IBM,Oracle, Microsoft,Rational,)

UML 1.2 (98)

UML 1.3 (99)

Chun ho bi OMG

UML 1.5 (2003)

UML 2.0 (2004)


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UML (Unified Modeling Language) Cc c trng ca mt tin trnh s dng

UML:Tnh lp (iterative)

Gia tng (incremental)

Tp trung vo ngi dng (user concentrated)

Hng kin trc (well-defined structure)


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UML (Unified Modeling Language) Nm khung nhn v h thng

Khung nhn lun l(logical view)

Khung nhn thchin

(implementation

view)

Khung nhn x l(proces view)

Khung nhn trinkhai (deployment

view)

Khung nhnuse case(Use case

view)


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UML (Unified Modeling Language) Cc s m t kha cnh tnh

S i tng (object diagram) S lp (class diagram) S use case (use case diagram) S thnh phn (component diagram) S trin khai (deployment diragram)

Cc s m t kha cnh ng Cc s tng tc (interaction diagram)

S tun t (sequence diagram) S hp tc (collaboration diagram)

S hot ng (activity diagram) S chuyn dch trng thi (state transition

diagram)


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Ti x Xe

Bng li xe Xe ti Xe t Xe m t

S hu

0..1 1..*

Ca

1

*

Tc gi

tnTcGi: stringaCh: string

Sch

taSch: stringnmXutBn: integer

1 1..*

S lp


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S i tng

Hong:Tc gi

tnTcGi =Nguyn Vn HongaCh=123-Nguyn Vn C - Q5

UML:Sch

taSch =UMLnmXutBn=1998

C s d liu:Sch

taSch =UMLnmXutBn=1997


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S Use case

Mn sch

Tr sch

Mn ti ch

c sch,bo

Mua sch

c gi

Th th

Nh cung cp


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S thnh phn

Giao din

Tin ch

X l

C s d liu


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S trin khai

Node 1 (phng qun tr):ServerCSDL

Node 3 (c gi):APP

Giao din

Giao din

Node 4 (th th):APPTin ch

Node 2 (phng qun tr):APPServer

C s dliu

X l


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S tun t

:Ngigi

:My gi Tng i :My nhn :Ngi nhn

NhcmyTn hiu

Quay sKt ni

Tn

hiu chung

Nhc my

Gc my

Tn hiu

Tn hiu gc myTn hiu gc my

Tin hiu gc my


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S trng thi

Sn sng cho mn ang mn

MtHt lu hnhLu tr

Mun

Tr

nh mt nh mt

nh mt

nh mt

Thanh l

Chm dt lu hnhNhp kho lu tr

Nhp kho


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Chng 2 - M hnh v cc phng


S hot ng

Kim tra cc sch mn

T chi mn sch Ly sch

Cp nht thng tin mun

[c gi n mn sch]

[Sch mn>3]

[Sch mn

phan tich thiet ke he thong thong tin 2

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