Physical GeographyClass 12

Temperature, EMR, Insolation

Matter = “Stuff” All matter is made of atoms Atoms combine to form molecules

Energy acts upon, and changes matter

Matter and Energy

“Energy is neither created nor destroyed” It just changes form

Kinetic Energy is a form of energy. Kinetic Energy = movement energy =

temperature

Kinetic Energy

The average kinetic energy of the molecules of the substance

Temperature of a substance

Temperature Scales

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Longer -------------Shorter

Infrared Radiation

Ultraviolet

Incoming Solar Radiation Constant at top of atmosphere (when

averaged annually) ~1400 watts/m2

Insolation

Solar Constant

Fate of Insolation

Refraction

Do all wavelengths of light refract at the same angle?

What is causing the wavelengths to bend differently?

What’s happening here?

Albedo

What happens to absorbed

radiation?

Radiation

Heat Transfer

What methods of heat transfer are occurring here?

Greenhouse Effect

Greenhouse Effect

Latent Heat

Sensible Heat

Two Types of Heat

Phase Changes in Water

CONTROLS ON TEMPERATURE

Latitude

Mt. Kilimanjaro

Urbanization

Cloud Cover

Effect of Clouds on Temperature

Death Valley

Look at differences in temperature

Effects of Land vs. Water

On Temperature

Continentality vs. Marine Effect

Water has a moderating effect on temperature!

Inland vs. Coastal

Evaporation

Land heats quicker and cools quicker

than Water!!!!

Transparency

Specific Heat

Movement

and Mixing

Currents/ Sea Surface Temperatures

Warm Ocean Current

France vs. Newfoundland, Canada

Portland, Oregon

Leeward vs. Windwardside of continent

Landscapes

Glacier National ParkEast vs. West Side

USGS

Particulates and Gases

Particulates

Carbon Dioxide Methane Water Vapor

Greenhouse Gases

Phase Changes in Water

Layers of the Atmosphere

Normal Lapse Rate

Photosynthesis

Depends upon % of cloud cover Cloud type Cloud height Thickness (water content + density)

Impact of Clouds

Examine: Incoming shortwave radiation Vs. Outgoing longwave radiation

To understand actual effects:

Cloud Height

What about Jet Contrails?