Pest Management

Topic 2167

Created by Torey Birchmeier

http://www.mrgrow.com/content/glossary.htm

Signal Words and Symbols• Danger-Poison, Skull and Crossbones

– Appear on all products that are highly toxic

• Danger– These products can cause severe eye damage or skin

irritation

• Warning– Products that are moderate toxic orally, dermally or

through inhalation, moderate eye or skin irritation

• Caution– Product is slightly toxic orally, dermally or through in

halation or cause eye and skin irritation

http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/facts-slides-self/core-tutorial/module14/index.html

Insects and Pests

• Sucking pests and their damage to plants• Aphids-disfigured growth• Mealy bugs-cottony mass on leaves and stems• Thrips-light colored streaks on foliage and

flowers• Whiteflies-mottle foliage

http://www.mrgrow.com/content/glossary.htm

Insects and Pests

• Chewing Insects and their damage to plants• Chryanthemum midge-galls on forage• Corn-ear worms-holes in forage, buds and

flowers• Cutworms-cuts plants at soil level or holes• Leaf miners-Irregular, light colored patches on

leaves and flowers• Loopers-holes in young leaves

Other Pests

• Spider mites-create webs under leaves

• Slugs and Snails-ragged holes in leaves and slime trails on foliage

• Nematodes-brown areas between leaf veins or galls on roots

Diseases

• Fungus

• Bacterial

• Virus

Fungus Diseases

• Pythium root and stem rot-stunted growth, poor root system and dark regions on stems near soil surface

• Rhizoctonia stem rot-restricted growth , wilting and stem rot at soil level

• Verticillium-yellow leaves at soil level and wilting

• Gray Mold-brownish, water soaked roots

Fungus Diseases

• Septoria leaf spot-black or brown leaf spots at base of plant going upwards

• Rust-small reddish spots on leaf underside

• Powdery mildew-gray to white powdery growth on leaves and deformed growth

http://www.ent.iastate.edu/imagegal/plantpath/corn/comrust/0796.37comrust.html

Bacterial Diseases

• Bacterial blight-graying of leaves and branches, wilt, water-soaked lesions

• Bacterial leaf spot-circular or oval lesions on lower leaves

Virus Diseases

• Strut-restricted growth, poor color and small leaves

• Chlorotic mottle-mottled leaves followed by complete chlorosis

• Chrysanthemum mosiac-mottled deformed leaves

Traditional Management Techniques

• Identify pest problem and apply chemical immediately

• Usually a spray chemical is used

• EPA is cracking down on usage

• Organic and natural pesticides are being developed by companies

Nontraditional Management Techniques

• Integrated Pest Management keeps pest problems low

• IPM requires scouting of fields

• Use of resistant varieties and cultural practices

• Spot treat infected area ASAP

Other Nontraditional Methods

• Quarantining of newly arrived plants and watch for diseases or other problems

• Discarding of infected plants

• Natural predators

• Organic sprays

http://svca.on.ca/education7.htm

Methods of Chemical Application

• Aerosol

• Drench

• Fog

• Granular

• Smoke

• Sprayhttp://www.cnn.com/TECH/science/9810/16/t_t/pampering.fire/index.html

Aerosol Application

• Contain carbon dioxide or freon

• Very cold-keep distance between can and plant

• Quickly fills a greenhouse

• Very little gets underside of leaves

• Ideal temperature is 70-80oF

Aerosol Application Continued

• Hard to apply in heat because have to shut fans off-apply at night and shut fans off

• Warning signs need to be placed on all greenhouse enterances

Drench Application

• Chemicals dissolved in water and poured on

• Created with liquid, emulsifiable conc,dry or wet powder types

• Apply any time of day

• Time consuming and must treat every pot

• Most fungicides, growth retardants and some insecticides applied this way

Fog Application

• Similar to aerosol, fills greenhouse

• Use any chemical and mix with a carrier that turns into fog

• Fogging equipment uses gas engines that emit hot air and can burn plants

• Fog is visible

• Done in closed up greenhouse

• Post all greenhouse entrances

Granular Application• Used by applying granules of chemicals to

the growing medium

• Sprinkle granule on and water, chemical is released from granule

• Usually done as a preventative measure

• Must be evenly distributed, time consuming

Smoke Application

• Consists of burning special formulation chemicals that release pesticides into air

• Amount needed determined by cubic feet

• Containers are placed in aisles and lit with sparklers

• Greenhouse must be airtight and left overnight

• Do not apply if temperature is above 85oF

• Signs must be posted on all entrances

Spray Application

• Consists of dissolving chemicals in water and spraying solution on plant surface

• Most common method

• Hand or electric sprayers

• Use wettable powder, flowerable or emulsifiable concentrate formulations

• Shake frequently

• Cover entire plant upper and lower leaves

Information on Chemical Labels • Trade name-the name the product is sold

under

• Chemical name-the technical name given by chemist

• Signal word-notifies how toxic the chemical is-caution<warning<danger

• Precautionary statement-describes hazards to humans, animals and the environment

Information on Chemical Labels Continued

• Use classification-states what type of chemical the material is-insecticide, fungicide, nemacide

• Statement of practical treatement-tells what to do in case of over exposure

• Re-entry statement-period of time that must elapse before you can enter the greenhouse

Other information on Labels

• Rates of application

• How often to use it

• What crops to use it on

• What adverse plant effects may occur

Do’s and Don’ts

• If a chemical comes in contact with skin wash it off immediately

• Remove contaminated clothing immediately and wash seperately

• Wear protective clothing that covers skin• Do Not wear shorts, tee shirt or sandals• Wear a rubber suit for high toxicity

chemicals, long sleeve shirt for low toxicity

Do’s and Don’ts

• Wear rubber gloves, boots and goggles when mixing

• Wear protective mask or respirator that fits to prevent inhaling fumes

• Always clean and wash respirator

• Don’t burn chemical containers

Posted Area

• Post a hand written sign stating the following:

• chemical used

• time of application

• time safe to re-enter area

• name and phone number of who to contact

Storage of Chemicals

• Lock areas

• Have the area posted with a sign

• Area should have an exhaust vent

• Shelves should be present to prevent chemicals from getting wet

• Tightly close all chemical containers

• Date all chemicals on arrival

Disposable Procedures

• Chemicals and containers are hazardous and must be properly destroyed to prevent harm to humans or the environment

• Prepared chemicals can be disposed by applying them to labeled crops– Prepare the needed amount for the target crop– Money is being wasted if too much is prepared– Target crop may be over treated if the

applicator needs to get rid of chemicals

Disposable Procedures• Chemical containers must be empty before

disposal

• Bottle and jars must be completely empty

• Triple rinse container with clean water

• Rinse water needs to be applied to the crop

• Puncture holes in container and dispose in a sanitary landfill

• Bag type containers dispose of in landfill

Disposing of Chemicals

• Old chemicals can not be placed in landfills

• Hire a private company to dispose of chemicals

References

• Aphids picture-http://www.mrgrow.com/content/glossary.htm

• Danger sign-http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/facts-slides-self/core-tutorial/module14/index.html

• Landy bug-http://svca.on.ca/education7.htm

• Rust picture-

• http://www.ent.iastate.edu/imagegal/plantpath/corn/comrust/0796.37comrust.html

• Spraying-http://www.cnn.com/TECH/science/9810/16/t_t/pampering.fire/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/TECH/science/9810/16/t_t/pampering.fire/index.html