pervious concrete pavement (pcp): an … · american concrete institute, aci report 522r-10: report...

PERVIOUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT (PCP):AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO ENHANCE SAFETY,

LIVABILITY AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN PUERTO RICOBenjamín Colucci Ríos, PhD, PE, PTOE, FITE, API, JD

Dr. Ramón L. Carrasquillo Fellowship ProgramStructural Repairs: Innovative Solutions

Friday, April 8, 2016College of Engineers and Surveyors of Puerto Rico (CIAPR)

Good Afternoon!

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AgendaPart I: Introduction to PCPPart II: How Safety is Enhanced?• Highway Safety Benefits• Mixture Composition and Proportioning• PCP Thickness DesignPart III: How Livability and the Environment is Enhanced?• LEED CreditsPart IV: Do’s and Don’ts in PCP ConstructionPart V: PCP Experience at UPRMPart VI: Potential PCP Applications and Future Research NeedsPart VI: PCP References

Source: NRMCA

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PART I: INTRODUCTIONDefinitions, History and Balance of Interest

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Introduction: Pervious Concrete Pavement (PCP) Definition

• Material with interconnected voids, allowing the passage of water from precipitations and other sources.

• It is weaker than ordinary concrete pavement for high speed, heavy traffic facilities, with a compressive strength from 400 to 4000 psi.

Source: FHWA

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Introduction: (cont.)Historical Background of PCP

• Early concepts from the 1970s• Invented by John J. Medico, Jr.• U. S. Patent 3870422, granted

March 1975• Originally proposed application

for hydrology applications• Pavement surfaces: parking,

streets, airfields and roadways• Runoff mitigation and pollution

control

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US Patent Office, 1975

PCP: A Balance of Interest…Environment vs. Existing Traffic

Open-GradedMixture

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Heavy TruckTraffic???

Stiff/Dry Consistency(Near-Zero-Slump)

PCP: A Balance of Interest…Environment vs. Existing Traffic

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AASHTO Standards for Slump of Hydraulic Cement and Self-Consolidating Concrete

• T 119M/T 119 – Standard Test Method for Slump of

Hydraulic-Cement Concrete

• T 347 – Slump Flow of Self-Consolidating Concrete (SCC)

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Source: http://blog.kryton.com/2013/08/concrete-workability-measurements-the-slump-test/

ASTM C143/C143M-05: Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic Cement

Concrete (EN 12350-2 in Europe)

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ASTM C143/C143M-05: Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic Cement

Concrete (EN 12350-2 in Europe)

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2-8 mm15 – 35% of PCP

Pore Size

Source: ACI 522R-10

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Drainage Rate

2-18 gal/min/ft2Source: ACI 522R-10

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PCP Compressive Strength

400-4000 psiSource: ACI 522R-10, Miles Syson

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PCP Comparison of Compressive Strength• Compressive strength tested at 28 days of curing:

• PCC for highways with heavy traffic: 5000 psi

• PCP: 400-4000 psi

Source: PRHTA Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, ACI 522R-10

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PART IIPervious concrete pavement (PCP):How Safety is Enhanced?PCP Mixture composition, proportioning and thickness design

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Highway Safety Benefits: Reduction of Hydroplaning Potential• Reduce, splash and spray

and hydroplaning potential, primarily in rural highways.

• Hydroplaning:• caused when a film of water is

present at the concrete pavement surface and a complete loss of traction occurs between vehicle tires and pavement surface.

• Can be expected to occur in rural highways when:• A film of water of 1/10 inch deep is

present over the pavement surface,

• Longitudinal distance of at least 30 feet and,

• Vehicles running speeds are 45 mph and above.

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Source: Glennon, J.C.(www.crashforensics.com)

(http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/concrete/pubs/hif13006/index.cfm)

PCP Drainage Characteristics

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PCP Mixture Composition

• PCP combines coarse aggregates, cement and water.• Big aggregates produce a rough finish, but optimum

permeability.• Fine aggregates provides great

mechanical strength and smoothfinishes, but compromiseits permeability.

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PCP Typical Properties

Pervious concrete properties are primarily a function of:• Porosity• Cementitious content• Water-to-cementitious materials • Compaction level• Aggregate gradation and quality

Source: ACI 2010

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PCP Mixture Proportioning

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Source: ACI 522R-10 (Reapproved 2011)

PCP Mixture MaterialsCementitious Portland cements or blended cements

Coarse aggregate

ASTM C33/C33M (size 7, 8, 67 and 89)

Size 89 is often used for parking lots and pedestrian applications.

Water w/cm range varies from 0.27 to 0.34

High w/cm allows cement paste to fill the voidsLow w/cm reduces durability and difficult its placement

AdmixturesSet retarders and hydration stabilizers are commonly used, and if applicable, air-entraining as specified in ASTM C457.

Source: FHWA 2012

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PCP Hydrologic Design Considerations• PCP capacity to infiltrate, store and release the expected

inflow water depends of:• Precipitation intensity levels• Thickness and permeability characteristics of pervious concrete

pavement• Cross slopes and geometrics• Characteristics of underlying base, subbase and subgrade

materials

Source: FHWA 2012

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Structural Pavement Design•Open-graded subbase is commonly used•Treatment is required for the subgrade design

•Open-graded subbase is commonly used•Treatment is required for the subgrade design

Subgrade Subbase

• Most designs of pervious concrete are considered for low-truck traffic roads based on the 18,000-lb single-axle load repetitions.

• Most designs of pervious concrete are considered for low-truck traffic roads based on the 18,000-lb single-axle load repetitions.

Traffic Loading

• Currently there are no thickness standards, but many PCP in low-volume streets are 6-12in thick.

• Currently there are no thickness standards, but many PCP in low-volume streets are 6-12in thick.

Thickness

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Relevant Details for Implementation

Determine the application:

Know when not to implement PCP

Sidewalks Roads Parking lots

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PCP Construction Process• Provide formwork or ordinary PCC containment border

• PCP has low slump, pumping not suitable. Use instead:• Raking

• Manual compaction rollers

Source: MerchantCircle.com

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Other Relevant Benefits

Traffic safety by eliminating wet pavement

hazards

Acoustic barrier

properties from void structure

Sub-surface detention

ponds save land space

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Other Relevant Benefits

Reduction of heat island

effect

Reductions in tire-

pavement noise

emissions

PCP generates

more credits than

conventional concrete

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PART IIIPervious concrete pavement (PCP):How Livability and the Environment is Enhanced?LEED Credits

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LEED Credits and PCP• LEED Certification does

not include specific provisions for use of pervious concrete

• Properties of PCP however do contribute to attainment of LEED points

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LEED Credit SS C6.1

The intent is to limit disruption of natural water hydrology by:• Reducing impervious cover• Increasing on-site infiltration• Reducing or eliminating pollution from stormwater runoff

and eliminating contaminants

Source: usgbc.org

One Point:• Case 1: Existing imperviousness is ≤ 50%• Case 2: Existing imperviousness is > 50%

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LEED Credits SS-C7.1• Heat Island Effect-non-Roof

• Pervious concrete absorbs less heat from solar radiation than darker pavements due to its open pore structure and light color.

Source: perviouspavement.org

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LEED Credit WE C1.1

Water Efficient Landscaping• The intent is to reduce or eliminate the use of

potable water to irrigate landscaping.

Two Points• Reduce its usage by 50% in the highest

irrigation demand

Four Points• Completely eliminate its usage

Source: usgbc.org

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Environmental BenefitsRenews groundwater suppliesRenews groundwater supplies

Reduces sortmwater runoffReduces sortmwater runoff

Reduces contaminants through soil chemistry and biology processReduces contaminants through soil chemistry and biology process

Captures first-flush of rainfall with higher contaminant concentrationCaptures first-flush of rainfall with higher contaminant concentration

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PART IVDo’s and Don’ts in PCP Construction

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• Do’s• Work on landscapes

before placing the PCP to avoid pore clogging.

• Don'ts• Avoid implementing PCP

near exposed terrain (cut section susceptible to erode).

Source: ACI/educationSource: ACI/education

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Proper Design• Provide backup drainage

• Trench drains, swale with elevated drain

• Isolate potential sediments• Sediment traps, French drains

Source: ACI/education

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Incorrect Designs• Used in areas where impervious concrete pavement

predominates since all the runoff from the impervious area will flood the pervious one.

Source: ACI/education

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PCP Limitations

Needs higher maintenance because the voids tend to fill

with sand, dirt, vegetation, and other debris

Limited information of PCP in high trafficked roadways

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PART VPCP Experience at UPRM

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ervious Concrete Experience at UPRM

Project Description

• Low impact development for bicycle parking

• Reduction of flash flooding downstream

• Water quality enhancement

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• Enhancementof student’slivability andsafety on UPRMcampus

• UPRM Campusgreeningwith eco-friendly, economical and engineered pervious concrete

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roject Description:Elimination of puddles/ ponding waterEnhancement of student’s ivability and safety on campusCampus greening with eco-friendly, economical and engineeredperviousconcrete

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PART VIPotential PCP Applications and Future Research Needs

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otential Applications and Future Research NeedsPervious concrete is experiencing ample research in terms of applications and overcoming its current imitationsChallenges in standardized and non-destructive testing are still prominent

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otential Applications and Future Research Needs(Cont.)

Non-destructive testing: examples of ongoing research• X-Ray Computerized Tomography (strength, void

structure, maintenance)

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Unconventional additives for strengthening• Synthetic fiber reinforcement• Supplemental cementitious materials (fly ash,

blast furnace slag, silica fumes, volcanic ash)

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Development of field tests for pervious concrete• ASTM C995: Inverted Slump Test

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Maintenance: cleaning, repairs

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PART VIIPCP Related References

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Referencesmportance of Site Design to Pervious Concrete Pavements. (n.d.).

Retrieved March 7, 2016, from https://www.concrete.org/education/freewebsessions/completelisting/coursepreviews.aspx?id=51687985

Pervious Concrete. (n.d.) Retrieved March, 2016, from http://www.cemexusa.com/ProductsServices/PerviousConcrete.aspx

TechBrief: Pervious Concrete. (2012, December). Retrieved March, 2016, from http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/concrete/pubs/hif13006/index.cfm

Fiber-Reinforced Pervious Pavement. Moody, G. RMC Research and Education Foundation. Retrieved April 4, 2016 from http://www.rmc-oundation.org/images/PCRC%20Files/Mix%20Design/Fiber%20Reinorced%20Pervious%20Pavement.pdf

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References (cont.)American Concrete Institute, ACI Report 522R-10: Report on Pervious Concrete, March 2010, Revised 2011. Print

Products. (n.d.). Retrieved March, 2016, from http://www.starreadymixpr.com/index.php/products

El Puente Newsletter, Vol. 29, No. 4. Retrieved on April 1, 2016 from http://prltap.org/eng/?p=5664

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an honor to contribute to the r. Ramón L. Carrasquillo Fellowship Program!

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Thank you for the Opportunity!

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pervious concrete pavement (pcp): an … · american concrete institute, aci report 522r-10: report...

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