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Permission to reprint or distribute any content from this presentation requires the prior written approval of Standard & Poor’s. Copyright © 2011 Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC, a subsidiary of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Rolle und Verantwortung von Ratingagenturen in globalisierten Finanzmärkten Torsten Hinrichs Mai 2012

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Page 1: Permission to reprint or distribute any content from this presentation requires the prior written approval of Standard & Poors. Copyright © 2011 Standard

Permission to reprint or distribute any content from this presentation requires the prior written approval of Standard & Poor’s. Copyright © 2011 Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC, a subsidiary of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Rolle und Verantwortung von Ratingagenturen in globalisierten Finanzmärkten

Torsten HinrichsMai 2012

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S&P Ratings: Ein global einheitlicher Maßstab für Bonität

• 150 Jahre Erfahrung und Präsenz in 24 Ländern. • In Europa (EMEA) seit 1984 mit Büros in London, Frankfurt, Paris, Madrid,

Stockholm, Mailand, Moskau, Dubai, Tel Aviv, Istanbul und Johannesburg.• Über 1,400 Ratinganalysten weltweit, davon über 500 in Europa• Global über 1.200.000 Ratings in über 100 Ländern

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Emittenten-Rating: Relatives Maß für Kreditrisiko

Rangreihung bezüglich der Bonität

• Zukunftsgerichtete Meinung zur Kreditwürdigkeit von Emittenten oder Anleihen Höhere Ratings drücken unsere Erwartung nach geringeren Ausfallquoten aus

• Die Verwendung von einheitlichen Stressszenarien dient der Kalibrierung der Ratings und ermöglicht die Vergleichbarkeit über verschiedene Sektoren und Wirtschaftszyklen hinweg

Ratings sind kein absolutes Maß für Ausfallwahrscheinlichkeit

• Beobachtete Ausfallraten steigen oder fallen in verändertem wirtschaftlichen Umfeld

• Jeder Konjunkturzyklus ist einzigartig und führt zu unterschiedlichen Ausfallraten in verschiedenen Sektoren oder Regionen

• Beobachtete langfristige Ausfallhäufigkeiten beeinflussen Rating-Kriterien und Analyse

“S&P Ratings können hauptsächlich als relative Rankings von Emittenten

oder Anleihen bezüglich ihrer Kreditqualität genutzt werden;

Ratings sind kein absolutes Maß für Ausfallwahrscheinlichkeit”

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Was ist ein Rating und was ist es nicht?

Standard & Poor’s Ratings drücken unsere Meinung zur Fähigkeit oder

Bereitschaft eines Schuldners aus, seinen Zahlungsverpflichtungen vollständig und pünktlich nachzukommen.

RATINGS SIND NICHT:

• Ratings sind kein Audit

• Ratinganalysten strukturieren keine Wertpapiere und sind nicht beratend tätig

• Ratings treffen keine Aussage zur erwarteten oder möglichen Preisentwicklung eines Bonds

• Ratings kommentieren ebenfalls nicht:

- ob Investoren „kaufen“, „verkaufen“ oder „halten“ sollten

- ob einzelne Wertpapiere geeignete Anlagen für bestimmte Investoren (-gruppen) darstellen und deren Risikoappetit entsprechen

- ob die zu erwartende Rendite eine angemessene Entschädigung für das Risiko darstellt

- ob und inwieweit andere Risikofaktoren außerhalb des Kreditrisikos den Preis des Wertpapiers beeinflussen können (z. B. Liquidität, Volatilität)

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Inverse Korrelation zwischen Rating Kategorie und Defaults

Source: Default, Transition, and Recovery: 2010 Annual Global Corporate Default Study And Rating Transitions Table 24 30-Mar-2011

Rating 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

AAA 0 0.03 0.14 0.26 0.38 0.5 0.56 0.66 0.72 0.79 0.83 0.87 0.91 1 1.09

AA 0.02 0.07 0.15 0.26 0.37 0.49 0.58 0.67 0.74 0.82 0.9 0.97 1.04 1.1 1.15

A 0.08 0.19 0.33 0.5 0.68 0.89 1.15 1.37 1.6 1.84 2.05 2.23 2.4 2.55 2.77

BBB 0.25 0.7 1.19 1.8 2.43 3.05 3.59 4.14 4.68 5.22 5.78 6.24 6.72 7.21 7.71

BB 0.95 2.83 5.03 7.14 9.04 10.87 12.48 13.97 15.35 16.54 17.52 18.39 19.14 19.78 20.52

B 4.7 10.4 15.22 18.98 21.76 23.99 25.82 27.32 28.64 29.94 31.09 32.02 32.89 33.7 34.54

CCC/C 27.39 36.79 42.12 45.21 47.64 48.72 49.72 50.61 51.88 52.88 53.71 54.64 55.67 56.55 56.55

Investment grade 0.13 0.34 0.59 0.89 1.21 1.53 1.83 2.12 2.39 2.68 2.94 3.16 3.37 3.59 3.83

Speculative grade 4.36 8.53 12.17 15.13 17.48 19.45 21.13 22.59 23.93 25.16 26.21 27.1 27.93 28.66 29.4

All rated 1.61 3.19 4.6 5.8 6.79 7.64 8.38 9.02 9.62 10.18 10.67 11.08 11.47 11.82 12.2

—Time horizon (years)—

Global Corporate Average Cumulative Default Rates (1981-2010) (%)

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Wechsel der Ratingkategorien (migration) nach Region (%)Investment-grade rated issuers - globally as well as in the U.S. and Europe - historically

have tended to exhibit greater credit stability as measured by the frequency of rating transition. Higher ratings have been consistently more stable than lower ratings.

Source: Default, Transition, and Recovery: 2010 Annual Global Corporate Default Study And Rating Transitions, Table 22 30-Mar-2011

Average One-Year Corporate Transition Rates (1981-2010) (%)

From/to AAA AA A BBB BB B CCC/C D NR

U.S.                  

AAA 88.39 7.51 0.57 0.04 0.12 0.04 0.04 0 3.28

AA 0.59 86.31 7.99 0.64 0.09 0.13 0.04 0.04 4.16

A 0.05 1.82 87.14 5.67 0.48 0.2 0.03 0.09 4.52

BBB 0.01 0.14 3.65 84.65 4.34 0.76 0.13 0.27 6.04

BB 0.03 0.06 0.22 5.21 75.62 8.2 0.71 1 8.96

B 0 0.05 0.16 0.24 4.98 74.37 4.69 4.77 10.74

CCC/C 0 0 0.25 0.37 0.92 11.57 44.92 28.31 13.66

Europe                  

AAA 85.03 9.11 0.65 0.22 0 0 0.22 0 4.77

AA 0.28 84.87 10.4 0.44 0 0 0 0 4.01

A 0.02 2.3 86.97 5.25 0.18 0.02 0 0.06 5.21

BBB 0 0.13 4.75 83.01 3.54 0.46 0.16 0.13 7.82

BB 0 0 0.18 4.82 70.61 8.16 0.44 0.7 15.09

B 0 0 0.12 0.35 6.81 64.78 4.97 4.04 18.94

CCC/C 0 0 0 0 0 13.79 25.29 37.93 22.99

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Average Time To Default From Original Rating, 1981 to 2010

Durchschnittliche Dauer bis zum Default

Source: Standard & Poor's Global Fixed Income Research.

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Verantwortung in globalen Märkten

CRA

• Transparenz (Annahmen, Methoden, Prozesse)• Analytische Unabhängigkeit• Governance und Compliance• Aktualität

• Vergleichbarkeit über Anlageklassen und Kontinente

• Globale Kriterien – lokale Anwendung• Track-Record

• Qualität und Kontinuität der Analysten• Training und Weiterbildung• Systeminfrastruktur

• Einheitliche regulatorische Standards • Meinungsfreiheit

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Transparenz ist bei S&P durch 2 Mausklicks zu erreichen!

1x

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Transparenz ist bei S&P durch 2 Mausklicks zu erreichen!

2x

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Unternehmensratings

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Transparenter analytischer Prozess

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S&P Risikofaktoren bei Unternehmensratings

RATING

Finanz-risiken

Rechnungslegung

Governance (Unternehmensführung), Risikotoleranz, Finanzstrategie

Cash Flow

Kapitalstruktur

Liquidität

Geschäfts-risiken

Länderrisiko

Branchenmerkmale

Marktposition

Profitabilität / Vergleichsgruppe

Management & Strategie

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Relative Gewichtung

Investment Grade

(AAA bis BBB-)

Non-investment grade

(High yield; BB+ und niedriger)

Geschäfts- und Finanzrisiken

werden typischerweise

ausgewogen gewichtet

Finanzrisiken werden

typischerweise schwerer gewichtet

und sind am unteren Ende des

Ratingskala das entscheidende

Kriterium

Zusammensetzung der Geschäfts- und Finanzrisiken:

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Indikative Finanzrisiko-Kennzahl für Unternehmen

Source: Standard & Poor‘s Criteria / Methodology: Business Risk / Financial Risk Matrix Expanded

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Gewichtung der Business- and Finanzrisiken für finales Rating

MINIMAL MODESTINTER-MEDIATE SIGNIFICANT AGGRESSIVE

HIGHLY LEVERAGED

EXCELLENT AAA AA A A- BBB --

STRONG AA A A- BBB BB BB-

SATISFACTORY A- BBB+ BBB BB+ BB- B+

FAIR -- BBB- BB+ BB BB- B

WEAK -- -- BB BB- B+ B-

VULNERABLE -- -- -- B+ B CCC+

BU

SIN

ES

S R

ISK

PR

OF

ILE

AS

SE

SS

ME

NT

FINANCIAL RISK PROFILE ASSESSMENTBusiness Risk / Financial Risk Matrix

Source: Standard & Poor‘s Criteria / Methodology: Business Risk / Financial Risk Matrix Expanded

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Länderratings

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Sovereign Rating Framework

Source: “Sovereign Government Rating Methodology And Assumptions”, Chart 1 June 30th 2011

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Bestimmung des indikativen Rating-Levels bei den Länderratings

Source: “Sovereign Government Rating Methodology And Assumptions”, Table 2, June 30th 2011

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S&P Links

Understanding Ratings: http://www.understandingratings.com

Bank Ratings Framework: http://www.standardandpoors.com/AI4FI

European Sovereign Ratings and Related Material

http://www.standardandpoors.com/ratings/sovereign-actions/en/us

Default Studies, Credit & Economic Trends:

http://www.standardandpoors.com/ratings/gfir/en/eu

CreditMatters TV: http://video.standardandpoors.com/

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