perfect tenses present perfect pluperfect (past perfect)

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Perfect Tenses Present Perfect Pluperfect (Past Perfect)

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Page 1: Perfect Tenses Present Perfect Pluperfect (Past Perfect)

Perfect TensesPresent Perfect

Pluperfect (Past Perfect)

Page 2: Perfect Tenses Present Perfect Pluperfect (Past Perfect)

INTRODUCTION

The perfect tenses [tiempos perfectos] are compound tenses [tiempos compuestos]; that is, they are made up of two parts, a helping verb [verbo

auxiliar] and a past participle [participio pasado].

Page 3: Perfect Tenses Present Perfect Pluperfect (Past Perfect)

PRESENT PERFECT

The present perfect tense in Spanish is formed with:• The present tense of the helping verb

haber, plus• The past participle of the main

verb.

Example: Yo he terminado mi proyecto.

Page 4: Perfect Tenses Present Perfect Pluperfect (Past Perfect)

Singular forms Plural forms

Yo he Nosotros hemos

Tú has Vosotros habéis

Usted haÉl/Ella

Ustedes hanEllos/Ellas

Page 5: Perfect Tenses Present Perfect Pluperfect (Past Perfect)

The past participles are

normally formed by dropping the verb ending and adding:-ado for –ar verb, hablar hablado-ido for –er and –ir verbs, comer

comido and vivir vivido.

Page 6: Perfect Tenses Present Perfect Pluperfect (Past Perfect)

Variations

-er and –ir verbs whose stems end in a

vowel need a written accent mark: leer

leído ; oír oído.(copy the irregular past participles from p. 46 of your book.)

Page 7: Perfect Tenses Present Perfect Pluperfect (Past Perfect)

Note:Compound words based on these roots typically show the same irregularities:• Componer Compuesto (repaired)• Follow the same pattern to fill in the rest of

the past participles.

Page 8: Perfect Tenses Present Perfect Pluperfect (Past Perfect)

Uses:The present perfect may be used to indicate

an action or state that has been completed. It is used in almost the same way as we use it in English:

I have seen that movie.

He visto esa película.

Page 9: Perfect Tenses Present Perfect Pluperfect (Past Perfect)

Exceptions:• To indicate an action that began in the past

and is still going on, use the present tense:

Hace 4 años que vivo en Texas. I have been living (and am still living) in Texas for 4 years.

Page 10: Perfect Tenses Present Perfect Pluperfect (Past Perfect)

Exceptions:• To express the idea of “to have just done

something,” use the present tense of acabar de plus the infinitive verb:

Acabo de terminar mi proyecto. I have just finished my project.

Page 11: Perfect Tenses Present Perfect Pluperfect (Past Perfect)

THE PAST PERFECT – el pluscuamperfectoThe past perfect tense views an action or state as having occurred – and been completed – at a time before another past action, state, or time. It is used in almost exactly the same way as we use it in English.

The wedding started at 3. By then, all the guests had arrived.La boda empezó a las 3. Para entonces, todos los invitados habían llegado.

Page 12: Perfect Tenses Present Perfect Pluperfect (Past Perfect)

THE PAST PERFECT – el pluscuamperfectoTo form the Past Perfect, use the imperfect of haber plus the past participle:

Yo había hablado.

Tú habías hablado.

Ud./él/ella había hablado.

Nosotros habíamos hablado.

Vosotros habíais hablado.

Uds./ellos/ellas habían hablado.