perceptual dyslexia

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Perceptual Dyslexia

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Page 1: Perceptual dyslexia

Perceptual Dyslexia

Page 2: Perceptual dyslexia

Definition…Perceptual Dyslexia is a visual-perceptual disorder affecting reading and writing based activities such as:

1.Reading 4. Math2.Writing 5. Copying3.Spelling 6. Reading music

• And other activities such as:1.Computer work 3. Sports performance2.Driving 4. Comfort under fluorescents

Page 3: Perceptual dyslexia

What Is Perceptual Dyslexia?

• Not standard dyslexia• Perceptual vice optical

– Based on sensitivity to light frequencies, not optical dysfunction

Victim can have 20/20 vision and still be affected

Page 4: Perceptual dyslexia

The way we see is not determined by what we want to see but how we have learned to practice seeing. There are several strategies that we pick between depending on what we have learned to see, and we switch between them as the task changes. So for example, a hunter uses a wide field of vision to locate prey,a scribe uses a narrow field to write and a painter or architectuses a variable field to arrange an ensemble into a whole. Eachdiscipline of seeing take practice. But suppose, like a dyslexic,you have a strategy inappropriate to reading.

When ordinary readers look at text…

Page 5: Perceptual dyslexia

The way we see is not determined by what we want to see but how we have learned to practice seeing. There are several strategies that we pick between depending on what we have learned to see, and we switch between them as the task changes. So for example, a hunter uses a wide field of vision to locate prey,a scribe uses a narrow field to write and a painter or architectuses a variable field to arrange an ensemble into a whole. Eachdiscipline of seeing take practice. But suppose, like a dyslexic,you have a strategy inappropriate to reading.

When dyslexics look at text…

Page 6: Perceptual dyslexia

Symptoms of Perceptual Dyslexia

• Light sensitivity• Problems with high-gloss or high-contrast

material• Inefficient reading• Slow reading rate• Attention deficit• Strain or fatigue• Poor depth perception

Page 7: Perceptual dyslexia

The Victims of Perceptual Dyslexia

• Estimated 46-50% of those with learning disabilities or reading problems

• Estimated 33% of those with dyslexia, ADD/HD, or other behavioral problems

• Estimated 12-14% of the general population

Page 8: Perceptual dyslexia

What They See

Blurry EffectR

eprin

ted

by p

erm

issi

on f

rom

Rea

ding

by

the

Col

ors

by H

elen

Irle

n

Page 9: Perceptual dyslexia

What They See

Halo EffectR

eprin

ted

by p

erm

issi

on f

rom

Rea

ding

by

the

Col

ors

by H

elen

Irle

n

Page 10: Perceptual dyslexia

What They See

Rivers EffectR

eprin

ted

by p

erm

issi

on f

rom

Rea

ding

by

the

Col

ors

by H

elen

Irle

n

Page 11: Perceptual dyslexia

What They See

Seasaw EffectR

eprin

ted

by p

erm

issi

on f

rom

Rea

ding

by

the

Col

ors

by H

elen

Irle

n

Page 12: Perceptual dyslexia

What They See

Shaky EffectR

eprin

ted

by p

erm

issi

on f

rom

Rea

ding

by

the

Col

ors

by H

elen

Irle

n

Page 13: Perceptual dyslexia

What They See

Swirl EffectR

eprin

ted

by p

erm

issi

on f

rom

Rea

ding

by

the

Col

ors

by H

elen

Irle

n

Page 14: Perceptual dyslexia

What They See

Washout EffectR

eprin

ted

by p

erm

issi

on f

rom

Rea

ding

by

the

Col

ors

by H

elen

Irle

n

Page 15: Perceptual dyslexia

What They See

Irlen Syndrome w/Dyslexia

Rep

rinte

d by

per

mis

sion

fro

m R

eadi

ng b

y th

e C

olor

s by

Hel

en I

rlen

Page 16: Perceptual dyslexia

What They See

Overlapping writing

Rep

rinte

d by

per

mis

sion

fro

m R

eadi

ng b

y th

e C

olor

s by

Hel

en I

rlen

Page 17: Perceptual dyslexia

Discovery by Irlen

Serendipitous discoveryA student using a red overlay noticed her page and words no longer swayed back and forth

Red did not work for everyone

Tried overlays of other colors– 31 out of 37 in class and 58 out of 75 in private practice

helped by colored overlays– Each individual helped had certain colors that made

things better or worse

Page 18: Perceptual dyslexia

Effects of Perceptual Dyslexia

• Brains of perceptual dyslexics are in “overdrive” when working problems

• Signal in visual neural pathways of optic nerves of perceptual dyslexics is different

Page 19: Perceptual dyslexia

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

• Dyslexics use different part of the brain for reading• Dyslexics use larger portion of brain’s capacity in

reading and visual tasks

Normal Brain Dyslexic Brain

Page 20: Perceptual dyslexia

Looking for the ReasonWhat Is the Cause ofPerceptual Dyslexia?

Page 21: Perceptual dyslexia

Receptor Field Theory :

– Developed in ’80s by visual physiologists

– Hypothesizes that cones of the eye organized into 8 sets of concentric, counterbalancing fields

Page 22: Perceptual dyslexia

Hypothesized Types of Receptor Fields

Page 23: Perceptual dyslexia

Receptor Field Theory

• Type of field determined by:– Field’s color region

arrangement– Balance of the

output of each field’s energy (signal)

» Positive or negative

Page 24: Perceptual dyslexia

Receptor Field Theory

• All receptor fields transmit their respective signal to brain’s visual processing center– Signals summed to

a unity, forming output image in brain

Page 25: Perceptual dyslexia

The way we see is not determined by what we want to see but how we have learned to practice seeing. There are several strategies that we pick between depending on what we have learned to see, and we switch between them as the task changes. So for example, a hunter uses a wide field of vision to locate prey,a scribe uses a narrow field to write and a painter or architectuses a variable field to arrange an ensemble into a whole. Eachdiscipline of seeing take practice. But suppose, like a dyslexic,you have a strategy inappropriate to reading.

The way we see is not determined by what we want to see but how we have learned to practice seeing. There are several strategies that we pick between depending on what we have learned to see, and we switch between them as the task changes. So for example, a hunter uses a wide field of vision to locate prey,a scribe uses a narrow field to write and a painter or architectuses a variable field to arrange an ensemble into a whole. Eachdiscipline of seeing take practice. But suppose, like a dyslexic,you have a strategy inappropriate to reading.

Page 26: Perceptual dyslexia

The way we see is not determined by what we want to see but how we have learned to practice seeing. There are several strategies that we pick between depending on what we have learned to see, and we switch between them as the task changes. So for example, a hunter uses a wide field of vision to locate prey,a scribe uses a narrow field to write and a painter or architectuses a variable field to arrange an ensemble into a whole. Eachdiscipline of seeing take practice. But suppose, like a dyslexic,you have a strategy inappropriate to reading.

The way we see is not determined by what we want to see but how we have learned to practice seeing. There are several strategies that we pick between depending on what we have learned to see, and we switch between them as the task changes. So for example, a hunter uses a wide field of vision to locate prey,a scribe uses a narrow field to write and a painter or architectuses a variable field to arrange an ensemble into a whole. Eachdiscipline of seeing take practice. But suppose, like a dyslexic,you have a strategy inappropriate to reading.

Reading with a window-mask

Page 27: Perceptual dyslexia

The way we see is not determined by what we want to see but how we have learned to practice seeing. There are several strategies that we pick between depending on what we have learned to see, and we switch between them as the task changes. So for example, a hunter uses a wide field of vision to locate prey,a scribe uses a narrow field to write and a painter or architectuses a variable field to arrange an ensemble into a whole. Eachdiscipline of seeing take practice. But suppose, like a dyslexic,you have a strategy inappropriate to reading.

The way we see is not determined by what we want to see but how we have learned to practice seeing. There are several strategies that we pick between depending on what we have learned to see, and we switch between them as the task changes. So for example, a hunter uses a wide field of vision to locate prey,a scribe uses a narrow field to write and a painter or architectuses a variable field to arrange an ensemble into a whole. Eachdiscipline of seeing take practice. But suppose, like a dyslexic,you have a strategy inappropriate to reading.

Reading with a window-mask

Page 28: Perceptual dyslexia

The way we see is not determined by what we want to see but how we have learned to practice seeing. There are several strategies that we pick between depending on what we have learned to see, and we switch between them as the task changes. So for example, a hunter uses a wide field of vision to locate prey,a scribe uses a narrow field to write and a painter or architectuses a variable field to arrange an ensemble into a whole. Eachdiscipline of seeing take practice. But suppose, like a dyslexic,you have a strategy inappropriate to reading.

The way we see is not determined by what we want to see but how we have learned to practice seeing. There are several strategies that we pick between depending on what we have learned to see, and we switch between them as the task changes. So for example, a hunter uses a wide field of vision to locate prey,a scribe uses a narrow field to write and a painter or architectuses a variable field to arrange an ensemble into a whole. Eachdiscipline of seeing take practice. But suppose, like a dyslexic,you have a strategy inappropriate to reading.

Reading with a window-mask

Page 29: Perceptual dyslexia

How To Fix It

• Dim the lights

• Use natural vice fluorescent lighting

• Use blackboards instead of white boards

• Allow students to use colored paper

• Allow caps/visors to be worn indoors

Page 30: Perceptual dyslexia

Cont…• Computers

– Can be modified using display options of operating system

» Brighten or dim background » Change background and font colors on

computer screen

• Modification of light spectrum presented– Colored film overlays– Colored eyeglass filters

• Each person’s color different

Page 32: Perceptual dyslexia

Testing for Color

• Irlen Method Two types of screening

-Quick, simple test, consisting of about 10-15 questions

-In-depth, reading-related screening (1½-2 hours)

Page 33: Perceptual dyslexia

Wilkins Rate of Reading Test:

–Fairly simple, easy to administer–Fairly quick “diagnosis” for

appropriate overlay(s)

More muted colours can improve visibility

Page 34: Perceptual dyslexia

The military services have traditionally been leaders in evaluating their personnel for physical and physiological attributes to place them in a workenvironment where their unique personal talents andcapabilities can be used. Using this screeningprocedure will provide a new avenue for selection formilitary personnel for placement in environments where their natural talents and abilities can be put to optimum use, while avoiding assignment of personnel to those operational environments where their visual performance parameters would cause them toinherently perform badly, thereby putting the mission, service assets, and/or other personnel at risk.

Page 35: Perceptual dyslexia

The military services have traditionally been leaders in evaluating their personnel for physical and physiological attributes to place them in a workenvironment where their unique personal talents andcapabilities can be used. Using this screeningprocedure will provide a new avenue for selection formilitary personnel for placement in environments where their natural talents and abilities can be put to optimum use, while avoiding assignment of personnel to those operational environments where their visual performance parameters would cause them toinherently perform badly, thereby putting the mission, service assets, and/or other personnel at risk.

Page 36: Perceptual dyslexia

The military services have traditionally been leaders in evaluating their personnel for physical and physiological attributes to place them in a workenvironment where their unique personal talents andcapabilities can be used. Using this screeningprocedure will provide a new avenue for selection formilitary personnel for placement in environments where their natural talents and abilities can be put to optimum use, while avoiding assignment of personnel to those operational environments where their visual performance parameters would cause them toinherently perform badly, thereby putting the mission, service assets, and/or other personnel at risk.

Page 37: Perceptual dyslexia

The military services have traditionally been leaders in evaluating their personnel for physical and physiological attributes to place them in a workenvironment where their unique personal talents andcapabilities can be used. Using this screeningprocedure will provide a new avenue for selection formilitary personnel for placement in environments where their natural talents and abilities can be put to optimum use, while avoiding assignment of personnel to those operational environments where their visual performance parameters would cause them toinherently perform badly, thereby putting the mission, service assets, and/or other personnel at risk.

Page 38: Perceptual dyslexia

The military services have traditionally been leaders in evaluating their personnel for physical and physiological attributes to place them in a workenvironment where their unique personal talents andcapabilities can be used. Using this screeningprocedure will provide a new avenue for selection formilitary personnel for placement in environments where their natural talents and abilities can be put to optimum use, while avoiding assignment of personnel to those operational environments where their visual performance parameters would cause them toinherently perform badly, thereby putting the mission, service assets, and/or other personnel at risk.

Page 39: Perceptual dyslexia

The military services have traditionally been leaders in evaluating their personnel for physical and physiological attributes to place them in a workenvironment where their unique personal talents andcapabilities can be used. Using this screeningprocedure will provide a new avenue for selection formilitary personnel for placement in environments where their natural talents and abilities can be put to optimum use, while avoiding assignment of personnel to those operational environments where their visual performance parameters would cause them toinherently perform badly, thereby putting the mission, service assets, and/or other personnel at risk.

Page 40: Perceptual dyslexia

The military services have traditionally been leaders in evaluating their personnel for physical and physiological attributes to place them in a workenvironment where their unique personal talents andcapabilities can be used. Using this screeningprocedure will provide a new avenue for selection formilitary personnel for placement in environments where their natural talents and abilities can be put to optimum use, while avoiding assignment of personnel to those operational environments where their visual performance parameters would cause them toinherently perform badly, thereby putting the mission, service assets, and/or other personnel at risk.

Page 41: Perceptual dyslexia

The military services have traditionally been leaders in evaluating their personnel for physical and physiological attributes to place them in a workenvironment where their unique personal talents andcapabilities can be used. Using this screeningprocedure will provide a new avenue for selection formilitary personnel for placement in environments where their natural talents and abilities can be put to optimum use, while avoiding assignment of personnel to those operational environments where their visual performance parameters would cause them toinherently perform badly, thereby putting the mission, service assets, and/or other personnel at risk.

Page 42: Perceptual dyslexia

The military services have traditionally been leaders in evaluating their personnel for physical and physiological attributes to place them in a workenvironment where their unique personal talents andcapabilities can be used. Using this screeningprocedure will provide a new avenue for selection formilitary personnel for placement in environments where their natural talents and abilities can be put to optimum use, while avoiding assignment of personnel to those operational environments where their visual performance parameters would cause them toinherently perform badly, thereby putting the mission, service assets, and/or other personnel at risk.

Page 43: Perceptual dyslexia

The military services have traditionally been leaders in evaluating their personnel for physical and physiological attributes to place them in a workenvironment where their unique personal talents andcapabilities can be used. Using this screeningprocedure will provide a new avenue for selection formilitary personnel for placement in environments where their natural talents and abilities can be put to optimum use, while avoiding assignment of personnel to those operational environments where their visual performance parameters would cause them toinherently perform badly, thereby putting the mission, service assets, and/or other personnel at risk.

Page 44: Perceptual dyslexia

Benefits

Improve individual quality of life Improved reading speed/comprehension Lower visual fatigue Longer attention span Reduced nervousness More self-confidence Improved attitude toward training Higher work-task efficiency

Page 45: Perceptual dyslexia

It's in our hands to change this sad situation and help the high

flights of ALL!