peer –assessment

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Peer –Assessment Some sports have experienced violence, both on and off the field of play, involving both players and spectators. 1. How does the law and sports legislation help to ensure that performers are protected during sporting contests? (3 marks) 2. Explain the consequences of spectator violence, for example hooliganism, for the clubs and the sporting authorities. (4 marks)

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Some sports have experienced violence, both on and off the field of play, involving both players and spectators. 1. How does the law and sports legislation help to ensure that performers are protected during sporting contests? (3 marks) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Peer –Assessment

Peer –Assessment

Some sports have experienced violence, both on and off the field of play, involving both players and spectators.  1. How does the law and sports legislation help to ensure that performers are protected during sporting contests?

(3 marks)2. Explain the consequences of spectator violence, for example hooliganism, for the clubs and the sporting authorities. (4 marks)

Page 2: Peer –Assessment

Violence can sometimes occur in elite sport, for example football, both on and off the pitch.

3. Why might an elite performer commit an act of violence on the pitch? (3 marks)

4. Explain, using examples, why an elite performer may need the protection of the law during their sporting careers.

(4 marks)

Page 3: Peer –Assessment

Elite sports performers are expected to be role models and to maintain high standards of behaviour during their preparation and competition.

5. Suggest possible reasons why an elite performer may display behaviour which is deemed'unacceptable' by coaches, managers and officials. (3 marks)

6. The media often report on many aspects of a performers behaviour. Explain the potential impact on a sport of any negative publicity. (3 marks)

Page 4: Peer –Assessment

1. 3 marks for 3 of:A. Protect against violent playB. Employment contracts with clubs/Sponsorship/commercial

contracts/avoid burnoutC. Ensure duty of care from officials/negligence of poor refereesD. Safe playing environment/stadiums are suitable for purposeE. Protection from violent spectators/hooligans/terrorist threatsF. Ensure opponents using doping methods are bannedG. Equality legislation/racism act/sexism act/disability acts/age or

weight categories/gender

  Any links to private life and media intrusion is irrelevant Link to rules is irrelevantE – Focus not on method

2. 4 marks for 4 of:A. Negative image of sport causes decline in participation rates/smaller

foundation baseB. Spectator attendance declinesC. Supporters banned from travelling/attending/matches played behind

closed doorsD. All supporters treated as hooligansE. Teams banned from competing/loss of points/finedF. Sponsors/commercial deals withdrawnG. Additional cost to police events/provide more stewardsH. Relationship with local community/other countries declines /negative

impact for hosting future events

The focus of the question is on the consequences and not the strategies usedA – negative image too vague, need consequenceDo NOT accept lose money – have to say how money is lostG – Has to be reference to increase need 

Page 5: Peer –Assessment

3. Why might an elite performer commit an act of violence on the pitch? (3 marks)1. Over-strong desire to win/over arousal/pressure2. May be encouraged/asked to do so by coach/team mates/pressure fromsponsors/crowds3. Player loses control due to action of opponents/refereedecisions/retaliates/frustration4. Player lacks moral/ethical restraints on personal behaviour5. Financial rewards6. Importance of game/cup final/equivalent

4. Explain, using examples, why an elite performer may need the protection of the lawduring their sporting careers. (4 marks)1. Opposition player fouls/protection from violence2. Off field of play – contracts with employers/administration of wages/assets/Bosmanruling3. Sponsorship deals/commercial deals4. Protection from media intrusion into private life5. Protection from hooligans during and after games6. Maintenance of restricted areas during training/competitions7. Protection from racism/equal opportunities

Page 6: Peer –Assessment

5. 3 marks for 3 of:• Pressure from media;• High expectation of supporters;• Financial rewards;• Fear of losing contract/hire and fire culture;• Retaliation due to foul play;• Officials decisions;

 6. 3 marks for 3 of:• Less media coverage/reduced media income;• Loss of sponsorship deals;• Fewer spectators;• Reduction in participation rates;• Increased pressure on NGBs to eliminate poor behaviour;• Money could be spent in more productive areas such as player

development;

Page 7: Peer –Assessment

Good progress Outstanding progress

Target Grade A &

B

• Achieve target grade on exam questions using your notes/book where needed

• Achieve target grade on exam questions recalling information from the lesson

Target Grade C &

D

• Achieve target grade on exam questions using your notes/book where needed

• Achieve target grade on exam questions using your notes/book where needed

Page 8: Peer –Assessment

The effect that violence has on individuals, sport & wider society

Violence brings sport into disrepute & damages its ability to encourage children, young people & families to participate

Page 9: Peer –Assessment

Violence of any kind brings a sport into disrepute & damages its ability to encourage children, young people & families to participate

Parents are unlikely to let their children participate if:• If they believe the sport is likely to bring their children into

contact with violence & put their well-being at risk• If children are encouraged to play inappropriately • If parents & other supporters abuse officials, opponents or each

other

Page 10: Peer –Assessment

Violence on the football field can have a far-reaching effect

• • • • •

Page 11: Peer –Assessment

Violence on the football field can have a far-reaching effect• Fan violence may lead to poor treatment of legitimate fans &

supporters• Players injured as a result of foul play may have their livelihoods &

careers curtailed• players may have their chance at international recognition damages

if whole team is not allowed to play in the competition • Huge cost of policing & stewarding • Reputation of the country can be affected when football fans travel

abroad or is seen on television • Banning of teams can have economic effects that go beyond club or

the individual • Effect national morale

Page 13: Peer –Assessment

Drugs that produce an ergogenic effect or act as an ergogenic aid - they improve performance above what might be achieved normally

Page 14: Peer –Assessment

Good progress Outstanding progress

Target Grade A &

B

• Suggest 5 points of why performers may take drugs

• Suggest 6+ points of why performers may take drugs

Target Grade C &

D

• Suggest 3-4 points of why performers may take drugs

• Suggest 5 points of why performers may take drugs

Page 15: Peer –Assessment

Why do performers use drugs?

Page 16: Peer –Assessment

Why do performers use drugs?

Lack moral & ethical

boundaries

Believe that ‘everybody else is doing

it’

Lack physical & psychological

attributes to get to the top

without the use of banned drugs

May not be fully aware that they are using drugsRewards of

winning are so great

Receive the wrong guidance or educational

programmes or have wrong role models

Not fully aware of the long-

term health risks

Pressured by coaches or

team managers

May be tempted to use them to speed recovery

from injury

Page 17: Peer –Assessment

PED’s DO NOT guarantee success Performer still needs psychological & physiological qualities to train hard – no drug can replace that!

BUT clear that PED’s can make the difference from fourth to GOLD!

PED’s are most common in sports that have a high proportion of closed skills – where the relationship between psychological attributes & success is most clearly linked & direct

Less evidence of PED’s in highly interactive sports with many open-skill situations BUT this could also be as a result of weaker testing regimes

Page 18: Peer –Assessment

Battle against the use of drugs

Every sport and every national and international governing body is engaged in trying to FIND, PUNISH & PREVENT the use of PED’s by performers & coaches

How do they do this?

Page 19: Peer –Assessment

• Testing regimes & laboratory facilities to test performers• Taking punitive action against those who have

been proved to have used banned substances or have them within their body • Trying to educate young performers in the ethical

& moral case against the use of drugs & ensuring that they are aware of the consequences as a performer & on their health• Ensure performers are aware of what is allowed

& not allowed & what there responsibilities are

Page 20: Peer –Assessment

Home learning

• What ergogenic effects do these drugs have on a performer/body?

• Research the drug control measure for your own sport. What sanctions are you likely to face should you be tested positive? Prepare your findings as a bullet-point revision sheet for the rest of the class

• Look at WADA, NADO & UK Sport to see how they are involved in the battle against drugs

Page 21: Peer –Assessment

DRUG EFFECTErythropoietin (EPO)

It increases production of red blood cells and haemoglobin, resulting in improved movement of oxygen to the muscles.

Anabolic steroids (testosterone)

Increase muscle mass & strength

Human growth hormone (HGH)

Stimulates the growth of muscle, cartilage, and bone.

Beta Blockers

Decrease anxiety, reduce HR

Diuretics Their purpose is to remove excess water from the body. Firstly to loose weight rapidly in sports which require the athlete to be within a set weight limit.

Stimulants speed up the messages to and from the brain. They can make the user feel more awake, alert or confident. Stimulants increase heart rate, body temperature and blood pressure. Other effects include reduced appetite, dilated pupils, talkativeness, agitation and sleep disturbance

Page 22: Peer –Assessment

Exam questions

Drug testing of elite sports performers is expensive and often ineffective. Discuss the suggestion that performance-enhancing drugs should be allowed in competitive sport.

(4 marks)

Page 23: Peer –Assessment

4 marks for 4 of: (sub max 2 per section)(For)1. Spectators / sponsors / media want to see the best performance possible;2. Drugs are just another training aid;3. Used correctly there is limited health risk;4. Individual choice / aware of the consequences;5. Performers don’t ask to be role models;6. Level playing field for all performers;7. Saves money/time on expensive testing/money could be used for education of younger athletes;8. Testing always one step behind the cheats/chemists/technology. (Against)9. Proven health risks / side effects;10. Not all performers have access to doping methods/can afford drugs;11. Against nature of sport / unethical / cheating / contract to compete/ not use of natural ability;12. Negative role model for children / wider implication for society;13. Other athletes pressurised into taking drugs / fear of failure / pressure from coaches.