RISE OF AUSTRIA & PRUSSIA

Peace of Westphalia• Ended the thirty years war

• Religion/territorial conflict• General European Peace/Settle

International Issues

• France• Gained territory

• Hapsburg Family• Loss of control of HRE

• Won independence • Switzerland• Sweden

• Germany territories• Under the Holy Roman Emperor• Not unified

Hapsburg Austria •Kept Holy Roman Emperor Title•Expand territory

•Bohemia•Austria•Italian States•Poland

•Extreme diversity •Language, currency, government

•Could never develop centralized government

Maria Theresa•Charles VI had no male heir

•Maria• Intelligent and highly capable

•Charles wanted daughter to have the throne•Trouble persuading other nations

•War of Austrian Succession •Frederick II (Prussia) sized Austrian Lands•Maria gathered troops from Hungary, Britain and Russia•Preserved empire gained support of her people

• Strengthened Hapsburg Power• Bureaucracy• Improve taxes • Nobles and Clergy pay taxes

Hohenzollern Prussia•New Protestant power•United German nations – Prussia•Set up efficient central Bureaucracy

•Frederick William I •Gained loyalty of Prussia Nobles (Junkers)•Government and military positions

•Large emphasis on military

Frederick II •Trained from a young age from his father•Preferred music and poetry over war and leadership•Frederick wanted to flee and not rule the empire

•Father kept him imprisoned and made him watch executions

•Frederick the Great•Became kind in 1740•Military training helped immensely •Prussia became a great military power

The Seven Years War•AKA, The French and Indian War

•Austria, France and Russia VS. Britain and Prussia

•First time Russia plays a major role in European affairs •1st war between the oceans – global war •Mainly started over colonial and Austrian Succession vendettas•Battled to a stalemate on the continent

•Real winner was again, England, who crushed France and kicked them out of N. America•Austria lost nothing for starting this mess and stayed in power