chapter 10 steam distribution systems - navy bmr material/14265a/14265a_ch10.pdfchapter 10 steam...

Chapter 10

Steam Distribution Systems Topics

100 Exterior Steam Distribution Systems

200 Interior Steam Distribution Systems

300 Steam Distribution System Components

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Overview As a UT you may have questions about delivering steam from the steam plant to the user You will find information in this chapter that answer questions about steam distribution systems A steam boiler is virtually useless for heating without a good distribution system for taking the steam to the areas to be heated The term distribution system as used in this chapter refers to the network of piping required to distribute steam from a boiler room or a boiler plant through the steam pipes to the equipment using it In this chapter both exterior and interior steam distribution systems are discussed including their maintenance requirements various components and purposes in the distribution system

Objectives When you have completed this chapter you will be able to do the following

1 Describe the different types of exterior steam distribution systems 2 Describe the different types of interior steam distribution systems 3 Describe the components of a steam distribution system

Prerequisites None

NAVEDTRA 14265A 10-1

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This course map shows all of the chapters in Utilitiesman Basic The suggested training order begins at the bottom and proceeds up Skill levels increase as you advance on the course map

Utilities Equipment and Maintenance

Air Conditioning

Refrigeration

Heating Systems U

Steam Distribution Systems T

Boilers

Sewage Disposal Field Sanitation and Water Treatment B

Prime Movers Pumps and Compressors A

Plumbing Fixtures S

Piping System Layout and Plumbing Accessories I

Structural Openings and Pipe Material C

Fundamentals of Water Distribution

Basic Math Electrical and Plumbing Operations

Plans Specifications and Color Coding

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100 EXTERIOR STEAM DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS The exterior distribution system is divided into underground and aboveground systems The following topics discuss these two systems in detail

110 Underground Systems The major underground systems are the conduit and the utilidor types of systems These systems are normally installed only in permanent heating installations because of their high cost of installation

111 Conduit Type In the conduit type of steam distribution system the pipe is installed inside a conduit that is usually buried in the ground below the frost line The frost line is the lowest depth that the ground freezes during the coldest part of the winter The pipe commonly used for steam is black steel pipe which is not as strong as that required for condensate return lines The conduit and insulation serve to protect and insulate the steam pipe One type of conduit is shown in Figure 10-1 The conduit must be strong enough to withstand the pressure of the earth and the usual additional loads imposed upon it Several types of materials and various designs are used in the manufacture of conduit Common types of conduit are constructed of masonry cement galvanized iron and steel The conduit is usually sealed with asphaltic tar or some other type of sealer to prevent water from getting into the insulation and deteriorating it Insulation may be attached directly to the pipe attached to the inner surface of the conduit or in loose form and packed between the pipe and the conduit The bottom of the trench for the conduit should be filled with coarse gravel or broken rock to provide support and adequate water drainage When water is allowed to collect it seeps into the conduit through porous openings in the sealer This wets the

Figure 10-1 mdash One type of steam distribution conduit

Figure 10-2 mdash Typical manhole for distribution system NAVEDTRA 14265A 10-4

insulation and causes it to lose much of its insulating value Manholes are required at intervals along the line to give access to the necessary valves traps and expansion joints A typical manhole is shown in Figure 10-2

112 Utilidor Type The utilidors or tunnels of the utilidor type of system are constructed of brick or concrete The size and shape of the utilidor usually depend upon the number of distribution pipes to be accommodated and the depth the utilidor must go into the ground Manholes sometimes doors are installed to provide access to the utilidor A typical utilidor is shown in Figure 10-3 The utilidor is usually constructed so the steam and condensate return lines can be laid along one side of the tunnel on pipe hangers or anchors This is usually done with the type of hanger with rollers that provides for free movement required by the expansion of the pipe The other side of the utilidor should be a walkway that provides easy access to lines when you are inspecting and doing maintenance

120 Aboveground Systems Aboveground steam distribution systems are further divided into overhead and surface systems

121 Overhead Distribution Systems Overhead distribution systems are often used in temporary installations and sometimes in permanent installations The main drawback to this type of distribution system is the high cost of maintaining it These overhead systems are similar in many respects to underground distribution systems They require valves traps provision for pipe expansion and insulated pipes The main difference is that the steam distribution and condensate return piping are supported on pipe hangers from poles instead of being buried underground (Figure 10-4)

122 Surface Distribution Systems In some cases you will find that steam and condensate lines are laid in a conduit along the surface of the ground These systems however are not as common as overhead and underground systems Surface systems require about the same components as the

Figure 10-3 mdash Typical utilidor

Figure 10-4 mdash Steam and condensate lines supported by

poles


overhead and the underground systemsmdashtraps valves pipe hangers to hold the pipes in place and provision for pipe expansion Sometimes an expansion loop formed by a loop of pipe is used instead of an expansion joint to provide for pipe expansion

123 Maintenance The maintenance required for exterior distribution systems normally consists of inspecting repairing and replacing insulation traps valves pipe hangers expansion joints conduit utilidors and aluminum or distribution systems The maintenance required on conduit and utilidors consists of keeping the materials of which they are constructed from being damaged and of ensuring that water is kept out of the tunnels and pipes The maintenance required on outside metal coverings is about the same as that for the conduit and utilidors

200 INTERIOR STEAM DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS Interior steam distribution systems may be classified according to pipe arrangement accessories used method of returning condensate to the boiler method of expelling air from the system or the type of control used The interior steam systems discussed in this section are classified by pipe arrangement they include but are not limited to Gravity One-Pipe and Air-Vent System Steam may be fed to interior steam distribution systems from a boiler in the same building or from the exterior distribution system of a central plant

210 Gravity One-Pipe Air-Vent System The gravity one-pipe air-vent system is one of the oldest types of internal distribution systems (Figure 10-5) Its capacity is usually ample and its installation cost is low Because the condensate is returned to the boiler by gravity this system is usually confined to one building and is seldom used as a central plant distribution system The steam is supplied by the boiler and is carried by a single system of piping to the radiators The return of condensate depends upon the hydrostatic head Therefore the end of the steam main where the main is drained to the wet return should be high enough above the waterline to provide the required hydrostatic head above the entrance to the boiler The radiators in the system are equipped with an inlet valve and an air valve The inlet valve is the radiator shutoff valve while the air valve permits the venting of air from the radiators Condensate is drained from the radiators through the same pipe that supplies the steam they flow in opposite directions however which is a disadvantage Under certain conditions the condensate is held in the radiators This causes noisy operation and a fluctuating water level in the boiler Water hammer and slow heating are characteristic of this system when the pipe sizing pitch and general design are inadequate


211 Installation Although all gravity one-pipe air-vent systems are alike in design two installations are seldom alike in detail Since the details differ with the make and model of equipment the manufacturerrsquos installation procedures should be followed Also you should follow the mechanical blueprints for a particular installation There is some general information in this section that applies to most heating systems of this type To prevent water hammer and re-evaporation of the water drain all condensate from the lines The necessary internal drainage can be obtained by sloping the lines down in the direction of condensate flow at least one-fourth of an inch for every 10 feet of pipe The radiators must also be tilted so the condensate flows out of them into the same pipe through which the steam is entering Air vents are installed in the steam lines and radiators to eliminate air in the system Air in the system tends to block the flow of steam and it consequently acts as an insulator by preventing the emission of heat from the heating surface Therefore the air must be quickly and effectively vented from the heating equipment and steam lines to get quick and even heating from the steam-heating system Most steam distribution systems are now fitted with automatic vents that permit the air to pass but which block the passage of steam Figure 10-5 shows air vents in the radiator and the distribution system

212 Operation The operating instructions for gravity one-pipe air-vent systems vary from one installation to another The manufacturer of the equipment usually furnishes the specific operating instructions for the equipment Generally speaking most steam systems have a main steam stop valve located on the top of the boiler The purpose of this valve is to hold the steam in the boiler until you are ready to let it out When you are ready to turn the steam into the distribution system you should only crack (open very little) the valve The reason for doing this is to allow the system to warm up slowly and avoid any thermal shock to the lines and fittings After

Figure 10-5 mdash Gravity one-pipe air-vent system


the system has warmed up open the main steam stop valve slowly While opening the valve check often to ensure that the proper water level is maintained in the boiler You will also note that the radiator valves in one-pipe steam distribution systems should be either completely open or completely closed Partial opening of the valve interferes with the proper drainage of water from the radiator

213 Maintenance This section covers the problems you are most likely to encounter in the field when maintaining a gravity one-pipe distribution system The most probable causes of these problems and the remedies for them are also addressed When a radiator fails to heat or water hammer occurs there are several probable causes One is the failure of the air vents to function thereby causing the radiator to become air bound A second cause is that the radiator valves are not completely open Another cause is that the radiators and lines are not correctly pitched To remedy these causes of heat failure inspect the operation of the air vents and the positions of the radiator valves to make sure they are open Then check and correct if necessary the pitch of the radiators and lines when the other checks do not correct the trouble A fluctuating waterline in the boiler can be caused by an excessive pressure drop in the supply lines which in turn is usually caused by partial stoppage in the pipes This of course can be remedied only by removing the cause of the stoppage Uneven heat distribution is another trouble that you may encounter This can be caused by inoperative radiator vents improperly vented steam mains or incorrectly pitched mains To eliminate this uneven heat distribution check and clean the air vents at the radiator and those in the steam mains Then check and correct as required the pitch of the steam lines if the other remedies have not corrected the trouble

220 Two-Pipe Vapor System with a Return Trap The two-pipe vapor system with an alternating return trap is an improvement over the one-pipe system (Figure 10-6)

Figure 10-6 mdash Two-pipe vapor system with a return trap NAVEDTRA 14265A 10-8

The return from the radiator has a thermostatic trap that permits the flow of condensate and air from the radiator It also prevents steam from leaving the radiator Because the return mains are at atmospheric pressure or less a mechanical return trap is installed in the system to equalize the condensate return pressure with the boiler pressure The mechanical return trap is primarily a double-valve float mechanism which permits equalization of the boiler pressure and the pressure within the return trap

221 Installation Vapor-steam systems with return traps are similar in design However two installations are seldom alike Since the details differ with the type of heating equipment the manufacturerrsquos installation instructions should be followed However the mechanical return trap should be installed on a vertical pipe in the return system that is adjacent to the boiler The top of the trap should be level with or below the bottom of the dry return main The bottom of the trap should be approximately 18 inches above the boiler waterline to provide a sufficient hydrostatic head to overcome friction in the return piping to the boiler

222 Operation The two-pipe vapor system with a return trap alternately fills and dumps It returns condensate to the boiler by a mechanical alternating-return trap instead of by gravity The alternating-return trap consists of a vessel with a float that by linkage controls two valves simultaneously so that one is closed when the other is open One valve opens to the atmosphere the other is connected to the steam header The bottom of the vessel is connected to the wet return In operation when the float is down the valve connected to the steam header is closed and the other is open As the condensate returns it goes through the first check valve and rises into the return trap which is normally located 18 inches above the boiler waterline The float starts to rise when the water reaches a certain level in the trap the air vent closes and the steam valve opens This action equalizes the trap and boiler pressures and permits the water to flow by gravity from the trap move through the boiler check valve and go into the boiler The float then returns the trap to its normal vented condition ready for the next flow of returning water

223 Maintenance The problems you are likely to encounter in maintaining the two-pipe vapor system with a return trap will differ with each system Some of the more common troubles are discussed here For specific instructions you should refer to the manufacturers manual or pamphlet pertinent to each piece of equipment When a radiator fails to heat the air vent being plugged or the radiator being waterlogged because of a plugged or defective trap can cause the condition In case there is a plugged air vent all you need to do is clean it When there is a waterlogged radiator check the trap to determine if it is plugged also check to see if the bellows is serviceable If the trap is plugged then cleaning it should solve your problem However if the trap is damaged the damaged part or the whole trap must be replaced When the entire steam distribution system fails the trouble can be caused by inoperative return traps or inoperative check valves Clean and inspect the return traps and the check valves and replace the defective parts or the whole unit if necessary


230 Two-Pipe Vapor System With a Condensate Pump The two-pipe vapor system with a condensate pump is similar to the two-pipe vapor system with the return trap except that the condensate is returned to the boiler by a power-driven centrifugal pump instead of by a return trap (Figure 10-7)

This system includes a separate main a radiator feed at the top and a return system with thermostatically trapped outlets located at the bottom of the radiators opposite to the feed end The return main terminates at the receiver of the condensate pump where all of the air in the system is discharged to a vent on the receiver With the use of a condensate pump all of the returns to the pump are kept dry and the radiators can be located below the boiler waterline This is not possible with the steam distribution systems previously described The radiators should be installed above the return main to permit gravity flow of the condensate from the radiator and the return main should pitch downward to the pump receiver

231 Installation Two-pipe vapor systems with condensate pumps are basically alike in design However since two installations are seldom alike it is necessary to install each system according to the mechanical blueprints furnished by the civil engineer and the instructions of the manufacturer of the equipment

232 Operation The two-pipe vapor steam distribution system can be operated at the pressure limit of the steam plant boiler provided the condensate pump is designed for sufficient discharge head necessary to overcome discharge pipe friction loss boiler pressure and the hydrostatic head between the pump outlet and the waterline of the boiler The ends of the steam mains are drained and vented into the dry return main through a combination float and thermostatic trap The two-pipe system with a condensate pump is adapted to relatively large installations and is probably the most practical and trouble-free system Most vapor systems differ somewhat with each installation For specific instructions for the correct operating

Figure 10-7 mdash Two-pipe vapor system with a condensate pump


procedures refer to the manufacturerrsquos instructions for the specific type of equipment installed

233 Maintenance Most of the two-pipe vapor steam distribution systems differ from one system to another Therefore you will encounter different maintenance problems with each system It is not feasible to try and cover all of the problems you might encounter with different systems of this type However the more common ones are discussed When you find that the individual radiator fails to heat either an inoperative steam trap or a radiator that is not installed correctly can cause the trouble Repairing or replacing the steam trap or correcting the improper installation of the radiator can eliminate these troubles When it is the whole distribution system that fails to heat the causes include clogged or closed receiver vents a flooded return line the lack of pump capacity or air binding the system These troubles can be remedied by opening the vents checking and adjusting the pump cut-in replacing the pump or repairing inoperative rerun traps One common trouble that occurs in this type of distribution system is the overflow of water from the receiver vent usually caused by an inoperative pump The pump may be causing the flooding because of its inadequate capacity or because it is unable to handle the volume of condensate required This condition can be corrected by either repairing or replacing the pump Another cause of overflow of water from the receiver vents is an obstruction in the line between the condensate receiver and the boiler The trouble can be remedied by eliminating the obstruction regardless of whether it is a closed valve or a clogged line

240 Two-Pipe Vapor System with a Vacuum Pump and a Condensate Return

The two-pipe vapor distribution system with a vacuum pump and a condensate return is similar to the two-pipe vapor system with a condensate pump (Figure 10-8) The piping in this system includes separate steam and return mains

Figure 10-8 mdash Two-pipe vapor system with a vacuum pump


241 Installation Most vapor distribution systems with vacuum pumps and condensate returns are similar However two steam distribution installations are seldom alike in detail When installing vapor-heating distribution systems refer to the manufacturers recommendations civil engineerrsquos mechanical drawings and specifications for the proper installation procedures

242 Operation When this type of distribution system is operated the steam is supplied at the top of the radiator and the air and condensate discharged through a thermostatic trap from the bottom of the opposite end of the boiler All returns are dry and terminate at the vacuum pump The vacuum pump is usually a motor-driven unit although low-pressure steam turbines have been successfully used to a limited extent The vacuum pump returns the condensate to the boiler and maintains the vacuum or sub-atmospheric pressure in the return system The maintenance of a vacuum in the return system (3 to 10 inches of water) enables almost instantaneous filling of the heating units at low steam pressure (0 to 2 psi) since air removal is not dependent upon steam pressure The vacuum pump withdraws the air and water from the system separates the air from the water expels the air to the atmosphere and pumps the water to the boiler feedwater heater or surge tank Usually the vacuum pump is supplied with a float switch as well as a vacuum switch and it can be operated as a condensate pump unit The float switch should be used only when the vacuum switch is defective and then only until the defects can be repaired or corrected This system can be used in all types of buildings and it is of particular advantage for the satisfactory operation of indirect radiation units heating coils and ventilating units and for other units that requires close automatic control Indirect radiation is a term applied to warm-air heating systems that receive their heat from steam supplied to their heat exchanger coils

243 Maintenance When considering the subject of maintenance on a two-pipe vapor distribution system having a vacuum pump you will find that most of the troubles that have previously been discussed also apply to this system In this distribution system however keeping air from leaking into the system is more of a problem than in the other distribution systems Excessive air leakage often causes the pump to run all the time or the leakage can cause the system to fail to heat altogether To eliminate air leakage you must find the point where air is leaking and repair it so air cannot get into the system Rusty spots and water seepage usually indicate the points at which air is leaking into the system

Test your Knowledge (Select the Correct Response)1 In a two-pipe vapor system with a return trap the bottom of the trap should be

how many inches above the boiler waterline A 12 B 14 C 16 D 18


300 STEAM DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM COMPONENTS In previous sections of this chapter you read about various components as you studied the various distribution systems The components were only mentioned however and not explained in detail Therefore in this section we are going to discuss these components their purpose operation and maintenance

310 Radiators Steam radiators are normally classified into two categories One is the fin-tube radiator which consists of a metal tube that has metal fins attached on the outside to increase its total heating surface It generally has a valve at one end and a trap at the other end This radiator has been used more extensively in the past 15 years It is readily adaptable to areas where floor space is limited since the radiator is normally mounted on the walls The second category is the cast-iron radiator which is made in sections A typical cast-iron radiator is shown in Figure 10-9 These radiators are similar to those used in hot-water heating systems The cast-iron radiator is generally used in the one-pipe distribution system In this system there is only one distribution pipe connected to the radiator This pipe delivers steam to the radiators and it also returns water from the condensed steam to the boiler For this reason the radiators must be tilted slightly toward the distribution pipe The radiators in a two-pipe steam distribution system are connected to the boiler by means of a distribution pipe as well as by a condensate return pipe Since the steam and condensate in the system flow in separate pipes the pipes are smaller than those required for the same size radiator in a one-pipe system The radiator outlet is usually equipped with a steam trap that prevents steam from leaving the radiator until it condenses into water

320 Radiator Air Vents There are two types of radiator air vents automatic and manually operated A typical automatic air vent is shown in Figure 10-10 Air vents are installed to remove air from the radiators because air keeps the radiator from heating properly The type of air vent shown consists of a hermetically sealed bellows a valve disk and seal and a vent body The bellows contains a volatile liquid with a boiling point 10degF or lower than that of water So when this liquid is heated to a temperature 10degF below the steam and

Figure 10-9 mdash Cast-iron radiator

Figure 10-10 mdash Automatic air vent NAVEDTRA 14265A 10-13

water temperature the liquid volatilizes expands and closes the valve When air surrounds the bellows the air is cooler than the steam This causes the bellows to contract to open the valve and to allow the air to escape This cycle then starts over again The type that is operated manually is usually a small valve that has a slotted screw incorporated in the stem and a little spout on one side for the discharged air These manual vents are normally installed in the same place in the distribution system as automatic vents

330 Steam Traps Steam traps are designed to retain the steam in a radiator or other using device until it changes into condensate After the steam has turned into condensate the trap releases the water so it can enter the return lines However it keeps the steam coming into the radiator from escaping The trap performs an important function since the excessive accumulation of water prevents the proper heating of the radiator or other steam equipment Also steam that is permitted to blow through a defective trap results in heat loss

331 Types of Traps Traps are generally classified according to their operation The most common types of traps are float bucket thermostatic float thermostatic impulse thermodynamic throttling and bimetallic element

3311 Float Trap The float trap normally consists of a body float linkage seat and valve A typical float trap is shown in Figure 10-11 As water enters the trap the float rises opens the valve and allows the accumulation of water to flow into the return lines that take it to the boiler When the water has run out the float falls closes the valve and traps the steam The maintenance to be done on a float trap is simple One of the most common difficulties is that the float gets water in it and does not rise In this case the float must be replaced The valve sometimes gets plugged or worn and has to be cleaned or replaced

3312 Ball-Float Trap In a ball-float trap the valve of the trap is connected to the float so the valve opens when the float rises When the trap is in operation the steam and water that may be mixed with it flow into the float chamber As the water level rises the float is lifted thereby lifting the valve plug and opening the valve The condensate drains out and the float moves down to a lower position then closes the valve The condensate that passes out of the trap is returned to the feed system

Figure 10-11 mdash Float trap


3313 Bucket Trap There are two types of bucket traps the upright and the inverted An example of the inverted bucket trap is shown in Figure 10-12 During operation of the upright bucket trap the steam and water both enter the trap body As the water enters it causes the bucket to float and the valve to close The water continues to rise it overflows into the bucket which sinks When the bucket sinks the trap valve is opened and the steam pressure forces the water out When all of the water is expelled from the bucket the bucket again floats the valve closes and the cycle starts again During the operation of the inverted bucket trap the steam and water both enter under the bucket The steam makes the bucket buoyant causes it to rise and closes the valve When the steam condenses the bucket drops opens the valve and the steam blows the water out of the trap Maintenance on bucket traps consists mainly of cleaning and inspecting them periodically If the trap begins to leak steam replace the valve disk and seat However if the bucket fails to open the valve the trap usually becomes waterlogged When a valve disk or seat becomes damaged the trap allows steam to leak through The condensate return line becomes excessively hot when the trap is leaking steam Bucket traps contain some water at all times Therefore they must be drained when the system is to be off during freezing weather

3314 Thermostatic Trap The thermostatic trap is often used on radiators and is commonly known as a radiator trap It has a bellows that contains volatile fluid that expands and vaporizes when heated Pressure builds up inside the bellows and causes it to lengthen and close the valve A typical thermostatic trap is shown in Figure 10-13 When water collects around and cools the bellows the bellows contracts This action opens the valve and permits water to escape As the water goes out the steam that enters contacts the bellows and

Figure 10-12 mdash Inverted bucket trap

Figure 10-13 mdash Thermostatic trap NAVEDTRA 14265A 10-15

causes it to expand closing the valve and preventing the steam from escaping The most common trouble with the thermostatic trap is that the bellows develops holes fails to work and has to be replaced The bellows and lower valve seat can be removed for repair without disconnecting any of the piping

3315 Float Thermostatic Trap The float thermostatic trap operates on the principle of the float trap and the thermostatic trap Practically the same maintenance is required A typical example of the float thermostatic trap is shown in Figure 10-14 The thermostatic bellows acts as an air eliminator

3316 Impulse Trap The operation of the impulse trap is based on the principle that a portion of hot water under pressure flashes into steam when its pressure is reduced (Figure 10-15) The trap is operated by a moving valve impelled by changes of pressure in a control chamber The valve has tiny orifices drilled through its center that allow the continuous bypassing of condensate from the inlet of the trap to the control chamber This bypassing reduces the chamber pressure below the inlet pressure so the valve opens and allows free discharge of the condensate The temperature of the remaining condensate rises and flashes back to steam The flow through the valve orifice is choked and pressure builds up in the control chamber closing the valve About 5 percent of the rated capacity of the trap flows through the valve orifice The pressure on the discharge side of the trap should not be over 25 percent of the inlet pressure if the trap is to function properly Very little maintenance except some periodic cleaning is required for the impulse trap The trap may be disassembled for cleaning or repairing without disturbing any of the piping

Figure 10-14 mdash Float thermostatic trap

Figure 10-15 mdash Impulse trap


3317 Thermodynamic Trap A typical thermodynamic trap is shown in Figure 10-16 It contains only one moving partmdasha disk This disk is operated by changes in steam pressure Pressure under the disk raises it to allow the condensate to be discharged Droplets of condensate form on top of the disk Then steam enters at high velocity and creates a low pressure under the disk the droplets of water above the disk then flash into steam and create a high pressure above the disk (Water expands to as much as 1728 times its volume when it changes to steam) The high pressure against the top of the disk overcomes the lower pressure of the incoming steam so the trap closes As more condensate collects in the trap the steam above the disk condenses and relieves the high pressure and the cycle is repeated The most common trouble is that the trap becomes plugged and has to be disassembled and cleaned The thermodynamic trap can be cleaned or repaired without disturbing any of the piping Very little other maintenance is required for this trap because of its simple construction Also the trap is usually constructed of stainless steel

3318 Throttling Trap The operation of the throttling trap is based on the principle that the flow of water through an orifice decreases as its temperature approaches that of the steam used (Figure 10-17) The rate of flow of the condensate may be adjusted by raising or lowering a stem (needle valve) that fits into a tapered seat This throttling trap has no moving parts Condensate that is slightly cooler

Figure 10-16 mdash Thermodynamic steam trap

Figure 10-17 mdash Throttling trap NAVEDTRA 14265A 10-17

than steam enters the trap travels up through a baffle arrangement and is discharged through an orifice If the condensate discharge rate is higher than the inlet rate the water (condensate) level in the chamber drops This allows steam to enter the baffle passage and heat the condensate The amount of water flashing into steam increases so the volume of steam-water mixture handled by the orifice increases and thereby reduces the capacity of the orifice The reduced flow through the orifice permits the level of condensate in the chamber to rise until the heater water in the baffle passage has been completely discharged and replaced with water that is slightly cooler Then the cycle is repeated Air is vented from this trap through the same passage as the condensate The throttling trap can be replaced without disturbing any of the piping

3319 Bimetallic-Element Trap The bimetallic-element trap contains bimetallic elements that bend when heated (Figure 10-18) The metals in the bimetallic strip generally are Emvar and copper The copper expands rapidly when heated but Emvar expands very little Therefore the bimetallic strip bends when it is heated This trap may be used for higher or lower steam pressure by increasing or decreasing the number of bimetallic leaves in the trap

This trap works basically the same as the thermostatic trap When steam enters the trap the element is heated and bends thus closing the valve As steam condenses the elements cool and straighten out to allow the valve to open and let the condensate escape The bimetallic trap can be repaired without disturbing any of the piping

Figure 10-18mdashBimetallic-element steam trap


332 Pointers on Operating Procedures To help ensure trouble-free service of steam traps follow the proper operating procedures carefully Some important factors involving operating procedures are furnished below

Steam traps should be operated within the capacity rating and pressure differentials recommended by the manufacturer Use traps for the correct pressure and temperature If operating pressures change it may be necessary to change trap sizes or internal parts to fit the new pressure conditions

Traps should be insulated where heat must be conserved Some types of traps which depend on the cooling effect of the condensate for operation should be left bare Check the manufacturerrsquos instructions regarding insulation

Where continuity of service is a requirement a three-valve bypass is usually provided to permit drainage while the trap is being overhauled Bypasses are also used to speed up the discharge of condensate and air when you are starting a system In normal operation however the bypass valve should be kept closed to prevent steam from being wasted

Check valves located in the discharge line are important in parallel installations to prevent the discharge of one trap from backing up into that of another Also when condensate from the trap must discharge to a higher elevation a check valve prevents backflow of condensate

Inverted bucket traps must be primed for operation by providing a condensate seal in the bottom of the trap Prime the trap before starting operation by removing the test plug on top of the trap and filling the trap with water If no test plug is available the trap can be primed by closing the discharge valve and opening the steam supply valve slowly until the steam is condensed and the trap is filled with condensate

Blow down steam traps periodically to rid them of dirt and sediment Blow down and clean strainers as required

When overhauling traps do not remove thermostatic elements while hot This practice may result in expansion beyond the stroke range of the bellows or diaphragm

Periodically open the air vents of float traps not provided with thermostatic air vents to vent out accumulated air

333 Steam Trap Tests Methods for testing traps without breaking the installation are stated below

3331 Test Valve Method Close the discharge valve and open the test valve Observe discharge characteristics Intermittent discharge dribble or semi-continuous discharge indicates correct operation A continuous steam blow indicates loss of prime defective valve operation or foreign matter embedded in the valve seat A continuous condensate flow may indicate that the trap is too small the amount of condensate is abnormally high or a pressure differential that is too low


3332 Glove Test Method Grab inlet and outlet pipes simultaneously using a canvas glove on each hand for protection A slight temperature difference indicates that no condensate is passing

3333 Pyrometer Test Method This method is more accurate than the previous one as it uses a surface contact pyrometer to check inlet and outlet temperatures File a clean spot on both pipes before taking readings

3334 Pyrometric Crayon Test Method Temperature-indicating crayons can be used when no pyrometer is available Select crayons of proper temperature ratings and mark the required pipe spots When the crayon marks melt the temperature of the test spots corresponds to those of the crayon ratings

3335 Ear Test Method Hold one end of a metal rod to the trap body and place the other end in your ear or use an engineers stethoscope If the trap is operating properly you will hear the regular opening and closing of the valve If operation is defective you will hear considerable rattling or the continuous flow of steam

3336 Protection Against Freezing Protect traps from freezing in cold weather If the steam is shut off during freezing weather drain the traps and piping of all condensate Make certain insulation is in good condition The inverted bucket is especially prone to freezing because in normal operation it is half filled with water

340 Water Tanks It is virtually impossible to operate a boiler plant and heating system in perfect balance The demand for water by the boiler may exceed the rate at which water is being returned from the heating system or the water may be returning at a rate that is greater than the requirements of the boiler One or more tanks can be installed to compensate for uneven flows and for differences between the demand and supply of water These vessels are called surge tanks (Figure 10-19) Sudden reductions in pressure may lead to violent steam formation Flash tanks help eliminate disturbances in the Figure 10-19 mdash Surge tank NAVEDTRA 14265A 10-20

piping system caused by this process These tanks are usually small and are located near the traps where the pressure release occurs When the steam condenses the steam trap usually a float thermostatic type allows the condensate to drain into the condensate return line A strainer is installed just ahead of the trap to keep foreign matter out of the trap

350 Water Heaters Steam-operated water heaters are used to supply hot water for laundries dining halls latrines and other facilities There are two general types of these heaters storage and instantaneous

351 Storage Type The storage type of water heater is used to provide potable (drinking) water The steam-operated storage type of water heater consists of a steel tank that contains a steam coil like that shown in Figure 10-20 The hot-water tank is connected to the base water supply system and remains full of water at all times The steam is circulated through the heating coil or bundle as it is sometimes called The heat from the steam is transferred through the walls of the coil to the water in the tank Because of the difference in weight between hot and cold water the hot water rises and the cold water goes to the bottom of the tank where the steam coil is located Here the water is heated and begins to circulate Eventually all of the water in the tank becomes heated When hot water is drawn more cold water enters the tank and this heating process repeats itself This action maintains a full tank of hot water for use whenever hot water is needed According to safety regulations the hot water should not exceed 180degF The storage type of water heater may be constructed to be installed in either the horizontal or the vertical position Tappings are usually provided in the tank for a thermometermdasha thermostatic element for a temperature-regulating valve (which will be discussed later in this section) and a safety valve The tube coil should be inspected annually to make sure steam is not leaking into the water The chemicals that are sometimes used in the steam may make the people who use the water sick if they drink it

Figure 10-20 mdash Storage-type water heater


352 Instantaneous Type Instantaneous heaters are used primarily as boiler feedwater heaters however they are sometimes used to provide potable (drinking) water at some installations The operation of the instantaneous-type heater is basically the same as the storage-type heater their construction however is quite different The diameter of the instantaneous heater is small in comparison to the storage-type heater The outer shell of the instantaneous heater is small in comparison to the storage-type heater The outer shell of the instantaneous heater barely covers the tube coil as you can see in Figure 10-21 In some makes the water is circulated through the coil and the steam is released in the shell and surrounds the coil A temperature-regulating valve controls the water temperature for both types of heaters

360 Temperature Regulators

The temperature regulator is used to regulate the quantity of steam necessary to maintain the hot water at the desired temperature The unit consists of a temperature bulb copper line diaphragm spring and temperature adjustment and steam valve A typical temperature-regulating valve is shown in Figure 10-22

Figure 10-21 mdash Instantaneous-type water heater

Figure 10-22 mdash Temperature-regulating valve


The bulb and copper tube are called the capsule and capillary tube They contain a gas that expands or contracts with a change in temperature The capillary tube is connected to the top of the temperature regulator which contains a diaphragm (bellows) The diaphragm (bellows) is connected to the valve stem A spring holds the valve open at low temperatures When the temperature rises in the water tank the gas in the temperature bulb expands and forces the diaphragm down closing the steam valve Adjusting the tension of the spring can control the water temperature A steam trap in the steam-heating system returns the condensed steam to the condensate tank The hot-water tank accessories consist of a temperature gauge that has a range of 40degF to 210degF and a safety valve or pressure relief valve The relief valve is set at a pressure that is 10 pounds higher than the operating pressure and both the setting and the valve must comply with current American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) code specifications

370 Condensate Pump Return Condensate return pumps move the water that has condensed from the steam in radiators heating coils convectors and unit heaters to circulate back to the boiler One type of condensation return pump is shown in Figure 10-23 Units of this type normally consist of a receiver or condensate tank and pump independently controlled by float switches A check valve and a vent on the receiver allow the receiver to fill and empty as the need arises Condensate return pumps are maintained as prescribed by the manufacturer of the unit Usually the motor should be oiled the check valves and vents cleaned the float switches adjusted the pump repacked and the tank cleaned at least once each year

380 Expansion Joints Expansion joints and expansion loops in long heating lines are convenient devices for handling the pipe elongation caused by expansion The five major types of expansion joints are as follows slip joint bellows joint swing joint expansion loop and ball joint The slip joint is shown in Figure 10-24 The female part of the joint is placed over the male part and the joint is held tight by the packing that permits expansion The kind of packing used determines the temperature to which the joint can be subjected

Figure 10-23 mdash Condensate return pump


The bellows joint has a metal bellows that flexes as expansion occurs (Figure 10-25) The joint consists of a thin-walled corrugated copper stainless steel tube clamped between flanges Rings help to keep the corrugations under relatively high pressure The steam pipe and joint should be supported and guided to keep misalignment to a minimum

The swing or swivel joint is most often used to allow expansion to occur naturally in a system that has threaded joints When it is used with welded elbows the swing joint introduces torsional strains in the elbows and in the swing piece The expansion loop absorbs expansion through the formation of U- or Z-loops in the pipeline The ball joint is often used instead of the expansion loop because it requires less space and material A ball joint consists of four basic parts The joint has a casing or body to hold the gaskets and a ball The ball is a hollow fitting shaped externally like a ball at one end (inside the casing) and is threaded flanged or adapted for welding to the pipe at the other end There are two gaskets that hold the ball and provide the seat There is also a retaining nut or flange that holds the ball and gaskets in the casing The end of the two pipes being coupled is connected to the joint casing the end of the other pipe is connected to the ball In operation the ball joint allows the movement of the pipe with 30deg to 40deg of flexibility plus a rotating or swivel motion of 360deg The slip-type joint must be kept properly aligned adequately packed within the proper limit of travel and thoroughly cleaned and lubricated You should adjust or replace the packing as required to prevent leaks and assure a free-working joint It is necessary to lubricate every 6 months with the proper grease for this type of joint and the service conditions Once a year you should check the flange-to-flange distance of the slip joints You should check the flanges first when they are cold and next when they are hot Measuring makes sure that the travel is within the limits shown in the manufacturerrsquos data A change in slip travel usually indicates a shift in anchorage of a pipe guide so you must locate and correct the difficulty You should also inspect annually for signs of erosion corrosion wear deposits and binding Then you should repair or replace the defective parts as required

Figure 10-24 mdash Slip-type expansion joint

Figure 10-25 mdash Bellows-type expansion joint


Check the bellows-type joint annually for misalignment metal fatigue corrosion and erosion You should note the amount of travel between cold and hot conditions If the joint fails you should replace the bellows section of the joint Expansion loops require little specific maintenance except inspection for alignment and leaks The ball joint must be kept adequately packed You should adjust or replace the gaskets as required to correct leaks and obtain a free-working joint Always refer to the manufacturerrsquos instructions for doing maintenance work The swing joint requires the same typical maintenance for pipe fittings

Summary As a UT you will be involved with the installation operation and maintenance of various types of steam distribution systems such as exterior and interior steam distribution systems You must understand the purpose and equipment associated with underground and aboveground systems You will also be involved in the installation operation and maintenance of several interior steam distribution systems such as gravity one-pipe air-vent two-pipe vapor system with a return trap two-pipe vapor system with a condensate pump and two-pipe vapor system with a vacuum pump and condensate return As a UT you will be responsible for the upkeep and maintenance of several steam distribution components such as radiators radiator air vents steam traps water tanks water heaters temperature regulators condensate pump returns and expansion joints The information presented in this chapter will help you perform your duties with confidence and accuracy


Review Questions (Select the Correct Response)1 The exterior distribution system is divided into what two systems

A Underground and aboveground B Trench laid and overhead C Sloping and aboveground D Underground and surface

2 The utilidor type of steam distribution system is part of what distribution system

A Aboveground B Underground C Overhead D Surface

3 (True or False) The frost line is the lowest depth that the ground freezes during

the coldest part of winter

A True B False

4 Insulation associated with the conduit type of steam distribution CANNOT be

installed in which manner

A Directly to the pipe B Attached to the inner surface of the conduit C Packed between the pipe and conduit D Directly to the conduit

5 Why is the bottom of the trench filled with broken rock when dealing with the

conduit type distribution system

A Adequate water drainage B Allowance for pipe expansion C Adequate heat release D Allowance for water hammer dispersal

6 What material is used to construct the utilidor type distribution system

A Steel B Brick C Cast iron D Vitrified clay

7 What is the main drawback of an overhead distribution system

A High cost of installation B Lack of adequate erection space C High cost of maintenance D Interference with electrical lines


8 Which of the following is NOT a classification factor when considering an interior steam distribution system

A Pipe arrangement B Accessories used C Air expulsion method D Pipe size

9 In a gravity one-pipe air-vent system the return of condensate depends on what

factor

A Hydrostatic head B Pipe diameter C Boiler baffle arrangement D Air vent location

10 The necessary internal drainage in a gravity one-pipe and air-vent system can

be obtained by sloping the piping in what manner

A 12 of an inch for every 10 feet of pipe B 14 of an inch for every 10 feet of pipe C 14 of an inch for every 20 feet of pipe

D 12 of an inch for every 20 feet of pipe 11 What interferes with the proper drainage of water from a radiator that is part of a

gravity one-pipe and air-vent system

A Completely closed main steam stop valve B Check valve failure C Partial opening of main steam stop valve D Completely open main steam stop valve

12 Incorrectly pitched mains located in gravity one-pipe and air-vent systems

cause what condition

A Improper condensate drainage B Forced mixing of feedwater and condensate C Excessive water hammers D Uneven heat distribution

13 What trap permits the flow of condensate and air from the radiator installed in a

two-pipe vapor system with a return trap

A Thermostatic B Impulse C Float D Bucket


14 Which valves shut and open when the return trap float starts to rise

A Condensate valve opens and feedwater valve shuts B Air vent shuts and steam valve opens C Condensate valve shuts and feedwater valve opens D Air vent opens and steam valve shuts

15 What type of pump is used in the two-pipe vapor system with a condensate

pump

A Rotary B Submersible C Centrifugal D Jet

16 At what section of a condensate pump does the return main terminate in a two-

pipe vapor system

A Vent valve B Supply end C Bypass valve D Receiver end

17 Which system is the most practical and trouble-free

A Two-pipe vapor system with condensate pump B Two-pipe vapor system with a return trap C Two-pipe vapor system with a vacuum pump and condensate return D Gravity one-pipe and air-vent

18 Which is NOT a possible cause of an entire distribution systemrsquos failure to heat in

a two-pipe vapor system with a condensate pump

A Flooded return line B Open receiver vents C Lack of pump capacity D Air binding the system

19 How many inches of water must be maintained in the vacuum pump in a two-pipe

vapor system with a vacuum pump and condensate return line

A 1 to 5 B 2 to 11 C 3 to 10 D 9 to 13

20 Steam radiators are classified into how many categories

A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4


21 (True or False) Cast iron radiators are similar to those used in hot-water heating systems

A True B False

22 Where is the manual vent installed on a cast iron radiator

A Opposite end of automatic vent location B Same spot as an automatic vent C Above the automatic vent D Downstream of automatic vent

23 How many steam traps are associated with steam distribution systems utilized by

the Seabees

A 3 B 5 C 7 D 9

24 When using a ball-float trap where is the condensate returned to

A Condensate pump B Surge tank C Air vent D Feedwater system

25 Which indication identifies a bucket trap leaking steam

A Excessively hot condensate return line B Continuous venting of trap C Cycling of condensate pump D Water hammers

26 What is another term used for the thermostatic trap

A Stark relief B Radiator trap C Air cock D Radiator vent

27 The pressure on the discharge side of the impulse trap should not be over what

percentage of the inlet pressure of the trap

A 5 B 15 C 25 D 35


28 Thermodynamic traps are constructed out of what material

A Brass B Vitrified clay C Cast iron D Stainless steel

29 How is the rate of flow of the condensate adjusted when using a throttling trap

device

A Raising or lowering needle valve B Turning stem valve clockwise or counterclockwise C Decreasing the boiler feedwater input level D Increasing the condensate pump capacity

30 What happens when the bimetallic strip in the bimetallic-element trap is heated

A Contracts B Bends C Expands D Straightens

31 How are dirt and sediment removed from traps

A Lubrication of trap stem valves B Increase of boiler feedwater output C Blowdown of traps is conducted D Decrease of condensate flow rate to boiler

32 Which condition indicates a defective valve operation

A Intermittent discharge B Semi-continuous discharge C Dribble D Continuous steam blow

33 What can be installed to compensate for differences between the demand and

supply of water

A One or more water tanks B Vacuum pump C Pyrometer D Condensate return trap

34 What type of trap is usually installed inside a water tank to allow condensate to

drain into the return line

A Bucket B Float thermostatic C Thermodynamic D Bimetallic-element


35 What two types of steam-operated water heaters are utilized

A Storage and delayed B Continuous and delayed C Storage and instantaneous D Continuous and instantaneous

36 According to safety regulations the hot water in steam heaters will not exceed

how many degrees

A 120 B 140 C 160 D 180

37 What temperature-regulating element controls the temperature in steam water

heaters

A Valve B Transducer C Trap D Sensor

38 What is the bulb and copper tube assembly called in a temperature- regulating

device

A Bellows and capillary tube B Capsule and capillary tube C Baffles and branching line D Capsule and branching line

39 What is the temperature range on a gauge installed on a hot-water tank

A 50degF to 150degF B 200degF to 500degF C 40degF to 210degF D 140degF to 675degF

40 At what pressure is the relief valve set at on a hot-water heater

A 10 pounds higher than input pressure B 20 pounds higher than input pressure C 10 pounds higher than operating pressure D 20 pounds higher than operating pressure

41 How many expansion joints are associated with steam distribution systems

A 3 B 5 C 7 D 9


42 Ball joint expansion type joint allows for how many degrees of flexibility

A 10 to 20 B 20 to 30 C 30 to 40 D 40 to 50

43 (True or False) Expansion loops require little maintenance except inspection for

alignments and leaks

A True B False


Trade Terms Introduced in this Chapter Utilidor An aboveground insulated network of pipes and

cables used to convey water and electricity in communities situated in areas of permafrost

Volatile Evaporating rapidly passing off readily in the form of vapor

Pyrometer An apparatus for measuring high temperatures that uses the radiation emitted by a hot body as a basis for measurement


Additional Resources and References This chapter is intended to present thorough resources for task training The following reference works are suggested for further study This is optional material for continued education rather than for task training Basic Machines NAVEDTRA 12199 Naval Education and Training Professional Development and Technology Center Pensacola FL 1994 OSHA Regulations (Standards ndash 29 CFR) Naval Construction Force Manual NAVFAC P-315 Naval Facilities Engineering Command Washington DC 1985 Facilities Planning Guide NAVFAC P-437 Volumes 1 and 2 Naval Facilities Engineering Command Alexandria VA 1982 Fluid Power NAVEDTRA 12964 Naval Education and Training Professional Development and Technology Center Pensacola FL 1994 National Standard Plumbing Code-Illustrated National Association of Plumbing-Heating-Cooling Contractors Washington DC 2006 Safety and Health Requirements Manual EM-385-1-1 Department of the Army US Army Corps of Engineers Washington DC 1992 International Plumbing Code 2009 International Code Council International Mechanical Code 2009 International Code Council R Dodge Woodson Plumberrsquos Quick-Reference Manual Tables Charts and Calculations 1st edition McGraw-Hill NY 1996 Water Testing Kit Chemical Agent M272 Technical Operations Manual TM 3- 6665-319-10 Department of the Army Washington DC 1983 Boiler Care Handbook Cleaver-Brooks Division of Aqua-Chem Inc Milwaukee WI 1985 COMFIRSTNCDINST 35001 Operational Risk Management (ORM) COMFIRSTNCDINST 51002 Naval Construction Force Occupational Safety and Health Program UFC 3-430-07 Inspection and Certification of Boilers and Unfired Pressure Vessels Maintenance of Steam Hot Water and Compressed Air Distribution Systems NAVFAC MO - 209 Naval Facilities Engineering Command Alexandria VA 1989


CSFE Nonresident Training Course ndash User Update CSFE makes every effort to keep their manuals up-to-date and free of technical errors We appreciate your help in this process If you have an idea for improving this manual or if you find an error a typographical mistake or an inaccuracy in CSFE manuals please write or email us using this form or a photocopy Be sure to include the exact chapter number topic detailed description and correction if applicable Your input will be brought to the attention of the Technical Review Committee Thank you for your assistance Write CSFE N7A

3502 Goodspeed St Port Hueneme CA 93130

FAX 805982-5508 E-mail CSFE_NRTCnavymil

Rate____ Course Name_____________________________________________

Revision Date__________ Chapter Number____ Page Number(s)____________

Description _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (Optional) Correction _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (Optional) Your Name and Address _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________


A9RFE65tmppdf

Instruction Page

UTB Cover

UTB Copyright

UT Basic Table of Contents

UT Basic Chapter 1 Plans Specifications and Color Coding

Chapter 1


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites

Features of this Manual

100 BLUEPRINTS

110 Terms and Definitions

120 Parts of a Blueprint

121 Information Blocks

1211 Title Block

1212 Drawing Number

1213 Revision Block

1214 Reference Number

1215 Zone Number

1216 Bill of Material

130 Line Standards and Symbols

131 Piping Systems

132 Fixtures

133 Fittings

1331 Common Water Fittings

13311 Elbows

13312 Tees

13313 Unions

13314 Gate Valve

13315 Globe Valve

1332 Common Waste Fittings

13321 Bend

13322 Sanitary Tee

13323 Combination Wye and 18 Bend

134 Joints

1341 Screwed Joints

1342 Soldered Joints

1343 No Hub Coupling

1344 Mechanical Joints

140 Types of Scales

200 PLANS

210 Site Plan

220 Architectural Plans

221 Plot Plans

222 Foundation Plan

223 Floor Plan

224 Elevation Plan

225 Sectional or Detail Drawings

230 Electrical Plans

231 Electrical Symbols

232 Types of Electrical Drawings

2321 Interior Electrical Layout (Plan)

240 Mechanical Plans

241 Water Supply and Distribution Diagram

242 Waste and Soil Drainage Diagram

243 Plumbing Layout

300 SPECIFICATIONS

310 Mechanical Specifications

311 General Requirements

312 Sanitary Sewer Below Ground

313 Sanitary Sewer Above Ground

314 Water piping Buried in the Ground

315 Water piping Aboveground

400 ISOMETRIC SKETCHING

410 Purpose of the Isometric Drawing

420 Comparison of Isometric and Orthographic Drawings

430 Drawing an Isometric View

440 Dimensioning an Isometric Drawing

450 Placing Dimensions on an Isometric Drawing

460 Sketching Practice

500 COLOR CODING for SAFETY

510 Classes of Materials and Their Color Codes

520 Marking Piping Systems

Summary

Review Questions

Trade Terms Introduced in this Chapter

Additional Resources and References

CSFE Nonresident Training Course ndash User Update

UT Basic Chapter 2 Basic Math Electrical and Plumbing Operations

Chapter 2


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 RULES and PRINCIPLES

110 Basic Math Rules

120 Decimal Rules

121 Parts of a Whole Number

1211 Adding Decimals

1212 Subtracting Decimals

1213 Multiplying Decimals

1214 Dividing Decimals

130 Rounding Rules

140 Fraction Rules

141 Reducing Fractions to Their Lowest Terms

142 Comparing Fractions and Finding the Lowest Common Denominator

143 Adding Fractions

144 Subtracting Fractions

145 Multiplying Fractions

146 Dividing Fractions

147 Conversions ndash Fractions and Decimals

1471 Converting Fractions to Decimals

1472 Converting Decimals to Fractions

1473 Converting Inches to Decimals Equivalents in Feet

150 Volume of Shapes

151 Volume of a Rectangular or Cube Tank

152 Volume of a Cylindrical Tank

153 Volume of an Elliptical Tank

154 Volume of Spherical Tank

155 Volume of a Frustum Tank

160 Area Formulas

170 Other Useful Formulas

171 Calculation of Pipe Offsets

1711 45deg Offsets

1712 11 14deg Offsets


1714 60deg Offsets

172 Parallel Offsets

1721 45deg Parallel Offset

1722 11 14deg Parallel Offset



173 Rolled Offsets

200 FUNDAMENTALS of ELECTRICITY

210 Safety

220 Electrical Values

221 Current

2211 Effects

22111 Heat

22112 Magnetic Field

22113 Chemical Change

22114 Physical Shock

2212 Uses

22121 Direct Current

22122 Alternating Current

222 Voltage

2221 Measurement

2222 Source

22221 Chemical

22222 Thermal

22223 Mechanical

2223 Uses

223 Resistance

2231 Unavoidable Resistance

2232 Intentional Resistance

2233 Area of Conductor

2234 Length of Conductor

2235 Temperature of Conductor

224 Electrical Safety

2241 Electrical Shock

2242 Ground Circuit

2243 Capacitors

2244 Batteries

2245 Electrical Fires

2246 Working on Electrical Circuits

2247 Troubleshooting Electrical Circuits

300 ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS

310 Circuit Components

311 Power Source

312 Load

313 Conductor Standards

3131 Material

3132 Wire Size

314 Insulation

315 Location

316 Wiring Standard

317 Color Codes

318 ConnectionsSplices

320 Circuit Types

321 Series Circuit

322 Parallel Circuit

323 Series-Parallel Circuit

330 Ohmrsquos Law

331 Circuit Characteristics

332 Series Circuit


400 TROUBLESHOOT CIRCUITS

410 Meters

411 Voltmeter

412 Ammeter

413 Ohmmeter

414 Meter Safety

420 Circuit Faults

421 Open

422 Shorts

423 Grounds

424 Low Power (Voltage)

430 Troubleshooting Sequence

431 Diagnosis

432 Sectionalization

433 Localization

434 Isolation

435 Repair

436 Operation

500 PIPE MEASUREMENT

510 Reading a Tape Measure

520 Pipe Characteristics

521 Galvanized Steel and Black Iron

522 Copper Tubing

523 Plastic

524 Fitting Terminology

525 Pipe Terminology

530 Common Pipe Measurement Methods

531 End to End

532 Center to Center

533 End to Center

534 End to Back

535 Center to Back

536 Back to Back

537 Face to Face

540 Calculating Threaded Pipe Lengths

550 Calculating SolderedSolvent Cemented Pipe Lengths

560 Calculating Slope for Waste Piping

561 Sloped Pipe for Gravity Flow

562 Buried Pipe

563 Slope Trench and Install Pipe Below Frost Line

600 EXCAVATION

610 Digging Procedures

611 Permission to Excavate

612 Procedures

620 Shoring and Safety Practices

621 Prevent Cave-Ins

622 Installation of Shoring

623 Shoring and Excavation Safety

624 Alternative to Shoring

630 Grading Trenches and Sewer Pipe

631 Methods of Grading Trenches

632 Procedures for Grading Trenches using String line and Line Level

6321 String Line and Line Level

633 Methods of Grading Pipe

6331 Carpenterrsquos Level

632 Procedures for Grading Pipe Using Carpenterrsquos Level

640 Testing

641 Water Test

642 Air Test

643 Odor Test

650 Backfilling

651 Draining Excavations

652 Purpose of Backfilling

653 When to Backfill the Excavation

654 Backfill Procedures

6541 Use Clean Fill Material Only

6542 Backfill in 6 Inch Increments and Tamp by Hand

6543 Stay Off the Pipe

6544 Continue to Backfill and tamp by Hand

6545 Use Compaction Equipment

6546 Backfilling in Traffic Areas (Roadways)

6547 Backfilling in Non-Traffic Areas

Summary

Review Questions




UT Basic Chapter 3 Fundamentals of Water Distribution

Chapter 3


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites

100 WATER DISTRIBUTION

110 SOURCES

111 Rainwater

112 Surface Water

113 Underground Water

1131 Wells

120 Pressurization and Facilities Types

121 Low Lift Stations

122 Booster Pump Stations

1221 Open BPS System

1222 Closed BPS System

130 Water Distribution Systems

131 Cross Connections

132 Loop System

133 Direct Piping System

140 Corrosion Prevention

141 Definition of Corrosion

142 Types of Corrosion

1421 Galvanic Corrosion

1422 Atmospheric Corrosion

1423 Concentration Cell

143 Inspection Procedures

144 Corrosion Control

1441 Leak Prevention

1442 System Life

145 Methods of Corrosion Control

1451 Protective Coatings

14511 Asphalt

14512 Coal Tar

14513 Vinyl Coatings

1452 Cathodic Protection

14521 Sacrificial Anode (Galvanic Anode)

14522 Impressed Current

150 Malfunctions

151 Reduced Water Flow

152 Pipe Noise

160 Sizing and Specifications

161 Sizing Factors

162 Specifications and Prints

163 Materials Used

170 Valves Fittings and Specialties

171 Valves

172 Fittings

173 Specialties

200 WATER SERVICE

210 Trenching

211 Soil Conditions

212 Safety Issues

213 Additional Requirements

220 Placing the Pipe

230 Backfilling

240 Water Supply Piping

241 Cast Iron Pressure Pipe (For Water Mains)

2411 Measuring and Cutting

2412 Fittings

2413 Joining

242 Copper Pipe

2421 Bending

2422 Measuring

24221 End to End


24223 End to Center

24224 End to Back

24225 Center to Back

24226 Back to Back

24227 Face to Face

2423 Cutting and Reaming

300 WATER STORAGE FACILITIES

310 Types of Storage

320 Maintenance of Storage Facilities

321 Foundations

322 Concrete Storage Tanks

3221 Ground Level Storage

3222 Underground Storage

3223 Elevated Storage

323 Steel Storage Tanks




3234 Cathodic Protection Equipment

324 Pneumatic Tanks

325 Appurtenances

326 Grounds

400 EXTERIOR WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

410 Source

420 Pumps13

430 Treatment Plant

440 Piping

450 Control Valves

460 Fire Hydrants

470 Water Usage

500 TAPPING WATER MAINS

510 Tapping Machine

520 Tapping Procedures

521 Requirements for Tapping Various Pipes

5211 Tapping Cast Iron

5212 Tapping Asbestos Cement Pipe

530 Tapping Using a Tapping Saddle

600 BUILDING SERVICE LINES

610 Corporation Stop

620 Flexible Connections

621 Swing Joint

622 Expansion Loop

630 Curb Stop

640 Stop and Waste Valve

650 Curb Boxes

660 Sizing of Service Lines

700 INTERIOR WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

710 Piping Materials

720 Cold Water Distribution

730 Hot Water Distribution

740 Sizing Interior Supply Piping

741 Water Distribution System Design Criteria

742 Size and Length of Fixture Supply Piping

800 INSTALLATION OF WATER SUPPLY LINES

810 Lavatories

811 Rough-In Specifications

812 Hot and Cold Water Rough-In

813 Mounting Board

820 Urinals


822 Cold Water

823 Line for Flushometer

824 Line for Tank Type Flushing

826 Backing Board

830 Water Closets


832 Cold Water Supply

833 Supply for Tank Type Flushing

834 Supply for Flushometer Type Flushing

840 BathtubsShowers


842 Hot and Cold Water Supply

843 Mixing Valves

844 Header Board

900 UNDERGROUND SANITARY PIPING

910 Sanitary Drainage Piping

911 Cast Iron Soil Pipe (CISP)

9111 Measuring

9112 Cutting

9113 Fittings

9114 Joining

912 Vitrified Clay and Concrete Pipe

9121 Handling and Storage of Clay Pipe

9122 Cutting

9123 Fittings

9124 Joining

913 Plastic Pipe

9131 Handling and Storing of PVC Piping

9132 Cutting

9133 Fittings

9134 Joining

9135 Placing PVC Piping in the Ground

9136 Testing

920 Sanitary Drainage Installation

921 Trenching and Grading

922 Testing

9221 Water Test

9222 Air Test

9223 Odor Test

923 Manholes

930 Backfilling and Tamping

1000 ABOVEGROUND SANITARY PIPING


1011 Soil Pipe

1012 Waste Pipe

1013 Stack

1014 Branch

1015 Building Drain

1016 Building Sewer

1020 Types of Pipes

1021 Galvanized Wrought Iron Pipe

1022 Acid Resistant Cast Iron Pipe

1023 Brass Pipe

1024 Lead or Lead Lined Steel Pipe

1025 Copper Pipe

1026 Plastic Pipe

1030 Common Sanitary Waste Fittings

1031 Bend

1032 Closet Bend

1033 Wye

1034 Sanitary Tee

1035 Test Tee


1037 Double Tee

1038 Double Wye and 18 Bend

1039 Cleanout

1040 Traps

1041 Common P-Trap

1042 Deep P-Trap

1043 Integral Trap

1044 Trap Seal Loss

10441 Direct Siphonage

10442 Siphonage by Momentum

10443 Capillary Action

10444 Evaporation

1050 Stacks and Vents

1051 Stacks

10511 Soil Stack

10512 Waste Stack

1052 Vents

10521 Stack Vent

10522 Vent Stack

10523 Main Vent

10524 Individual Vent

10525 Dual Vent

10526 Wet Vent

10527 Loop Vent

10528 Circuit Vent

10529 Relief Vent

Summary

Review Questions




UT Basic Chapter 4 Structural Openings and Piping Material

Chapter 4

Structural Openings and Piping Material

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 STRUCTURAL OPENINGS

110 Structural Design

111 Wood

1111 Box Type

1121 Frame Type

112 Masonry

113 Metal

120 Locating Structural Openings

121 Building Construction Plans

122 Specification Sheets

123 Manufacturerrsquos Rough-In Specifications

124 Working Drawing

130 Stages of Construction

131 Rough-In

132 Finish Plumbing

133 Hole Cutting Tools

1331 Electric Drills and Hole Saws

1332 Reciprocating Saw

1333 Jigsaw

1334 Hammer Drill

1335 Tin Snips

1336 Brace and Bit

1337 Keyhole Saw

1338 Hammer and Star Drill

140 Structural Openings

141 Center Cut

142 Over Cut

143 Under Cut

144 Notch

150 Vertical Supports

160 Horizontal Supports

170 Support Materials

200 STEEL PIPE ASSEMBLY

210 Measuring Procedures

211 Thread Engagement (TE)

212 Methods

220 Hand Threading

221 Cutting Pipe

222 Reaming

223 Threading

224 Dies

225 Procedures

230 Assembly of Threaded Joints

231 Clean Threads

232 Apply Pipe-Joint Compound

233 Fitting Connection

234 Wrench Selection

235 Pipe Nipples

240 Cold Water Distribution System Installation

241 Installations Procedures

242 Supporting Steel Pipe

243 Pressure Testing

300 PLASTIC PIPE ASSEMBLY

310 Install Plastic Piping

311 Types Used for Water Distribution

3111 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

3112 Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC)

312 Joining Plastic Pipe

320 Applications and Restrictions

321 PVC Schedule 40

322 PVC Schedule 80

323 CPVC Schedule 40


330 Advantages and Disadvantages

331 Advantages

332 Disadvantages

333 Safety When Using Solvent Glue and Primers

340 Methods of Installation

341 Solvent Welding

342 Fusion Welding

343 Fillet Welding

344 Threaded

400 COPPER TUBING ASSEMBLY

410 Hot Water Distribution System

411 Types of Copper Tubing and Pipe

4111 Type K

4112 Type L

4113 Type M

4114 Type DWV

412 Measuring Copper Tubing and Pipe

413 Bending Copper Tubing

4131 Hand Method

4132 Bending Block

4133 Spring Bender

4134 Mechanical Bender

420 Joining Copper Tubing

421 Ferrule Joints

422 Flaring

423 Swedging

4231 Procedures

424 Soldering (Sweat)

4241 Preparing a Soldered Joint

4242 Torch

4243 Solder

4244 Procedures

42441 Silver Solder

430 Supporting Copper Tubing

440 System Layout

450 Safety

451 Safety Equipment

452 Safety Precautions

Summary

Review Questions




UT Basic Chapter 5 Piping System Layout and Plumbing Accessories

Chapter 5

Piping System Layout and Plumbing Accessories

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS

110 Dumpy Level

120 Self-Leveling Level

130 Hand Level

140 Setting Up a Level

150 Leveling a Level

160 Care of Levels

200 LEVELING RODS

210 Direct Readings

220 Target Readings

230 Rod Levels

240 Care of Leveling Rods

250 Colors and Markings

300 BENCH MARK (BM)

400 COMMON ERRORS and MISTAKES

410 Instrument Out of Adjustment

420 Change in Position

430 Faulty Handling

440 Mistakes in Arithmetic

500 SEWER STAKEOUT

510 Underground Utilities

520 Sewer Stakeout Procedure

600 PLUMBING VALVES and ACCESSORIES

610 Valves

611 Gate Valve

612 Globe Valve

613 Butterfly Valve

614 Altitude Valve

615 Ball Valve

616 Check Valve

617 Stop Check Valve

618 Pressure-Reducing Valve

619 Pressure Relief Valve

6110 Hydraulic Control Valve

6111 Valve Boxes

6112 Gear Boxes

6113 Valve Position Indicators

620 Valve Repair

621 Spotting-In Valves

622 Grinding-In Valves

623 Lapping Valves

624 Refacing Valves

625 Repacking Valve Stuffing Boxes

700 WATER METERS

710 Meter Dials

720 Obtaining Current Reading

800 INSULATION

810 Piping

820 Valves and Fittings

830 Boilers and Storage Tanks

900 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ACCESSORIES

910 Distribution System Elements

920 System Layout and Size

930 Main Location

940 Valve Location

950 Hydrant Location

960 Safety Procedures

Summary

Review Questions

Trade Terms Introduced in This Chapter



UT Basic Chapter 6 Plumbing Fixtures

Chapter 6

Plumbing Fixtures

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 PLUMBING FIXTURES

110 Rough-In Measurements

120 Water Closets

121 Installation

122 Flushometer Valves

130 Urinals

140 Bidets

150 Sinks

151 Kitchen Sink

152 Service Sink

153 Lavatories

154 Faucets

160 Shower and Tub Combination

170 Drinking Fountains

180 Floor Drains

190 Water Heaters

200 PLUMBING REPAIRS

210 Water Breaks

220 Water Mains

230 Thawing Frozen Pipes

231 Electrical Thawing

232 Steam Thawing

233 Variation of Water Pressure

300 PIPE LEAKS

310 Locating Leaks

320 Emergency Temporary Repairs

330 Water Tank Failures

400 WATER CLOSETS

410 Flush Tank

420 Flush Tank Repairs

500 FLUSHOMETERS

510 Operation of Diaphragm Flushometer

520 Operation of a Piston Type Flushometer

530 Repairs

600 FAUCETS

610 Standard Faucets

620 Shower Heads

700 SEWER MAINTENANCE and REPAIR

710 Flushing

720 Water Pressure Bag (Blow Bag)

730 Cleaning

800 CLEARING STOPPAGES in FIXTURES

810 Caustic Potash (Potassium Hydroxide)

820 Caustic Soda (Sodium Hydroxide)

900 WATER HEATER INSTALLATION

910 Install Water Heater

911 Electric Water Heater Components and Functions

9111 Cold Water Inlet

9112 Hot Water Outlet

9113 Temperature and Pressure Relief Valve

9114 Thermostat

9115 Heating Elements

9116 Tank

9117 Quiet and Clean Operation

912 Gas Water Heater Components and Functions




9124 Thermostat

9125 Drain Valve

9126 Burner Assembly

920 Piping Requirements

930 Water Heater Location

940 Installation Procedures

941 Electric Water Heaters

942 Gas Water Heaters

1000 LAVATORY INSTALLATION and REPLACEMENT

1010 Types of Lavatories

1011 Wall Hung

1012 Counter Top

1013 Pedestal

1014 Trough

1020 InstallationReplacement of Lavatories


1022 Lip Height

1023 Drain

1024 Tailpiece

1030 Installation of Traps

1031 P-Trap

1032 Types of Stoppers

1033 Pre-Mounting Procedures

1040 Installation of Faucets

1050 Water Supply Connections

1051 Supply Lines

1052 Types of Connections

1060 Inspection of Completed Work

1061 Water Supplies and Controls

1062 Drain

1100 WATER CLOSET INSTALLATION and REPLACEMENT

1110 Types of Closet Bowls

1111 Flushing Actions

11111 Siphon Jet

11112 Wash Down Bowl

11113 Wash Down with Jet

11114 Reverse Trap

11115 Pressure Assisted

1120 Flushing Devices

1130 Tank Components and Functions

1131 InstallationReplacement Procedures

11311 Flushometers

11312 Attachment of Water Closet

113121 Wall-Hung

113122 Floor-Mounted


1200 URINAL INSTALLATION and REPLACEMENT

1210 Types of Urinals

1211 Wall-Hung

1212 Pedestal

1213 Trough

1214 Stall

1220 Traps

1230 Flushometers

1231 Piston

1232 Diaphragm

1240 Installation and Replacement Procedures

1241 Wall Hung

1242 Pedestal

1243 Trough

1244 Stall

1245 Minimum Water Supply

1246 Angle Water Supply

1247 Tailpiece

1248 Vacuum Breaker

1249 Spud


1251 Piston

1252 Diaphragm

1300 SHOWER INSTALLATION

1310 Types of Showers

1311 General Classes

1320 Types of Mixing Valves

1321 Shower Head

1330 Installation

Procedures

1331 Tub and Shower

1332 Prefabricated Stall

1333 Tiled Shower


Summary

Review Questions




UT Basic Chapter 7 Prime Movers Pumps and Compressors

Chapter 7

Prime Movers Pumps and Compressors

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 PRIME MOVERS

110 Electric Motors

111 Induction AC Motor

1111 Lubrication

1112 Maintenance and Alignment of Drives

1113 Safety

1114 Cleanliness

120 Internal Combustion Engines

121 Operation and Maintenance of Diesel Engines

122 Operation and Maintenance of Gasoline Engines

1221 Safety

1222 Cleanliness

200 PUMPS

210 Pump Operation

220 Suction Force

230 Valves Used With Pumps

240 Types of Pumps

241 Rotary Pumps

2411 Types of Rotary Pumps

2412 Operation and Maintenance of Rotary Pumps

242 Reciprocating Pumps

2421 Types of Reciprocating Pumps

2422 Operation and Maintenance of Reciprocating Pumps

243 Centrifugal Pumps

2431 Types of Centrifugal Pumps

2432 Use of Centrifugal Pumps

2433 Advantages and Disadvantages of Centrifugal Pumps

2434 Operation and Maintenance of Centrifugal Pumps

2435 Operating Troubles

244 Air-Lift Pumps

245 Jet Pumps

250 Installation of Pumps

251 Piping

2511 Suction Piping

2512 Discharge Piping

2513 Valves in Piping

2514 Pressure Gauges

252 Stuffing Box

253 Packing

2531 Internal Liquid Lubrication

2532 External Liquid Lubrication

254 Mechanical Seals

2541 Single Seal

2542 Double Seal

260 Pump Maintenance

261 Bearing Lubrication - Grease

262 Bearing Lubrication - Oil

263 Grease Lubrication

264 Maintenance Timetable

300 AIR COMPRESSORS

Pressure and Uses

310 Reciprocating Air Compressors

320 Compressor Components

330 Lubrication System

340 Unloading Systems

350 Cooling System

360 Compressor Location

370 Engine

380 Operation and Maintenance of Air Compressors

390 Compressed Air Distribution

391 Piping

393 Auxiliary Equipment


395 Maintenance of Air Distribution Systems

3951 Monthly Inspection of Aboveground Systems

3952 Yearly Inspection of Aboveground Systems

Test your Knowledge

Summary

Review Questions




UT Basic Chapter 8 Sewage Disposal Field Sanitation and Water Treatment

Chapter 8

Sewage Disposal Field Sanitation and Water Treatment

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 WASTE WATER COLLECTION SYSTEMS

110 Classifications of Drains

111 Sanitary Systems

1111 House Sewer

1112 Lateral Sewer

1113 Branch Sewer

1114 Main Sewer

1115 Trunk Sewer

1116 Interceptor Sewer

1117 Forced Main

1118 Pumping Station

1119 Outfall Sewer

11110 Manhole

11111 Terminal Cleanout

11112 Catch Basin

112 Industrial Waste Systems

113 Storm Drainage Systems

114 Gravity Systems

115 Combination Sewer

120 Sanitary Drain Types

121 Soil Pipe

122 Waste Pipe

123 Soil and Waste Pipe

124 Soil and Waste Stack

125 Branch

126 Building Drain

200 SEWER LINE MAINTENANCE

210 Stoppages

211 Tree Roots

212 Sand or Gravel

213 GreaseTar

214 Excessive Obstructions

300 HEALTH HAZARDS

310 Atmospheric

320 Bacterial

330 Safety and Protection

400 WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES

410 Wastewater Terminology

411 Activated Sludge

412 Activated Sludge Process

413 Aerobic Digestion

414 Anaerobic Digestion

415 Bacteria

4151 Aerobic Bacteria

4152 Anaerobic Bacteria

4153 Facultative Bacteria

4154 Pathogenic Bacteria

4155 Saprophytic Bacteria

416 Baffle

417 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)

418 Comminution (Shredding)

419 Diffuser

4110 Digester

4111 Disinfection

4112 Dissolved Oxygen

4113 Dissolved Solids (Filterable Residue)

4114 Distributor

4115 Effluent

4116 Headworks

4117 Imhoff Tank

4118 Influent

4119 Inorganic Waste

4120 Nutrients

4121 Organic Waste

4122 Percolation

4123 Pollution

4124 Pretreatment (Preliminary Treatment)

4125 Primary Treatment

4126 Scum

4127 Secondary Treatment

4128 Seed Sludge

4129 Septic Tank

4130 Sewage

4131 Shock Load

4132 Sludge

4133 Suspended Solids (Non-filterable Residue)

4134 Supernatant

4135 Tertiary Treatment (Advanced Waste Treatment)

4136 Weir

4137 Wet Well

420 Types of Waste Discharge

421 Domestic Waste

4211 Organic Waste


422 Industrial Waste

4221 Organic Waste


423 Thermal Heated Waste

424 Radioactive (Nuclear) Waste

430 Effects of Untreated or Improperly Treated Wastes and Reasons for Treating Wastewater

431 Human Health

432 Reasons for Water Treatment

440 Types of Solids in Wastewater

441 Total Solids

4411 Dissolved Solids

4412 Suspended Solids

44121 Settlable Solids

44122 Non-Settlable Solids (Colloids)

44123 Floatable Solids

44124 Organic and Inorganic Solids

500 SEWAGE DISPOSAL PRINCIPLESCESSPOOLS

510 Cesspool Uses

520 Operation

530 Additions

540 Location and Construction

550 Sizing of Cesspools

600 SEWAGE DISPOSAL PRINCIPLESSEPTIC TANKS

610 General Information

620 Design and Construction

630 CapacitySizing

640 Dosing Tanks

650 Salt Water in Septic Tanks

660 Septic Tank Inspection


671 Health Problems

672 Mechanical Hazards

673 Gas Hazards

700 SEWAGE DISPOSAL PRINCIPLESFIELD LATRINES


720 Latrine Construction

730 Straddle Trench Latrines

740 Deep Pit Latrines

750 Mound Latrines

760 Bored Hole Latrine

770 Pail Latrine

780 Other Types of Field Latrines

790 Urine Disposal Facilities

791 Urinal Soakage Pits

792 Pipe Urinals

793 Urinal Troughs

7100 Proper Operation of Urine Disposal Facilities

800 SOIL LEACHING CAPABILITIES

810 Planning and Locating Sewage Disposal Systems

820 Sizing Disposal System

900 SEWAGE DISPOSAL PRINCIPLESLEACHING FIELDS

910 Tile Fields (Leaching Fields)

920 Proper Functioning of Tile Field

930 Testing

940 Trench Width

950 Pipe Size

960 Laying the Pipe

961 Type of Pipe

9611 Fiber Pipe

9612 Bell and Spigot

962 Slope

970 Tile Beds

980 Layout of Leaching Fields

990 Types of Distribution Boxes

9100 Protecting the Tile Field

1000 WATER TREATMENT

1010 Water Cycle

1011 Surface Water

1012 Groundwater

1020 Quality of Water

1021 Waterborne Diseases

1022 Impurities in Water

1023 Types of Waterborne Diseases

10231 Typhoid Fever

10232 Paratyphoid Fever

10233 Cholera

10234 Amoebic Dysentery

10235 Schistosomiasis

10236 Diarrhea

1024 Treatment and Purification of Water

10241 Flocculation

10242 Sedimentation

10243 Filtration

10244 Disinfection

10245 Chlorine Disinfection

10246 Chlorine Terms

10247 Bactericidal Effectiveness

10248 Points of Application

10249 Others Uses of Chlorine

102410 Safety

1030 Chlorination Equipment

1031 Direct Feed Chlorinators

1032 Solution Feed Chlorinators

1033 Other Types of Chlorinators

1034 Hypochlorinators

1035 Location of Equipment

1036 Locating Leaks

1037 Hypochlorites

1038 Ammonia

1039 Sulfur Dioxide

1040 Water Treatment Quality Control

1041 Sampling Methods

1042 Chemical Analysis Samples

10421 Wells

10422 Surface Supplies

10423 Treatment Plants

10424 Distribution System Taps

1043 Bacteriological Examination Samples

10431 Sample Containers

10432 Sampling From a Tap

10433 Sampling from Lakes Ponds Streams and Pools

1050 Treatment Control Test Procedures

1051 Chlorine Residuals

10511 Orthotolidine Test

105111 Equipment

10512 Orthotolidine Arsenite Test

105121 Equipment

105122 Reagents

105123 Test Procedures

105124 Calculation of Results

1052 pH Test

10521 Indicators

10522 Procedures

1053 Salinity Tests

10531 Alkalinity Test

105311 Reagents

105312 Procedure with Methyl Purple

105313 Procedure with Methyl Orange

105314 Calculations

10532 Hardness Test

105321 Reagents

105322 Procedures

105323 Calculations

10533 Chloride Test

105331 Reagents

105332 Procedures

105333 Calculations

10534 Sulfate Test

1054 Color Test

1055 Taste Odor and Threshold Odor Test

10551 Equipment

10552 Procedures

1056 Jar Test (Coagulation)

1057 Turbidity Test

1058 Records

Summary

Review Questions




UT Basic Chapter 9 Boilers

Chapter 9

Boilers

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites

100 STEAM GENERATION THEORY

200 BOILER FITTINGS and ACCESSORIES

210 Air Cock

220 Chimneys Draft Fans and Breechings

230 Blowdown Valves

240 Fusible Plugs

250 Water Column

251 Water Level Control

252 Try Cocks

253 Gauge Glass

260 Safety Valve

270 Steam Injector Feed System

280 Handholes and Manholes

290 Boiler Accessories

300 TYPES of BOILERS

310 Water-Tube Boilers

311 Straight Tube

312 Bent Tube

320 Fire-Tube Boilers

321 Scotch Marine Boiler

322 Vertical-Tube Boiler

323 Horizontal Return Tubular Boiler

324 Firebox Boiler

400 BOILER DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

500 AUTOMATIC CONTROLS

510 Float Control

520 Pressure Regulating Control

530 Combustion Control

540 Flame Failure and Operational Controls

600 INSTRUMENTS and METERS

610 Steam Flowmeters

620 Steam and Air Flowmeters

630 Draft Gauges

640 CO2 Meters (Analyzers)

700 BOILER WATER TREATMENT and CLEANING

710 Water Impurities

720 Scale

730 Corrosion

740 Methods of Treatment

750 Boiler Water Testing

751 Test for Hardness

752 Test for Phosphate

753 Test for Tannin

754 Test for Caustic Alkalinity (OH) without Tannin

755 Test for Caustic Alkalinity (OH) with Tannin

756 Test for Sodium Sulfite

757 Test for pH

758 Test for pH of Treated Condensate

759 Test for Total Dissolved Solids

800 CLEANING BOILER FIRESIDES and WATERSIDES

810 Cleaning Boiler Firesides

811 Wire Brush and Scraper Cleaning

812 Hot-Water Washing

813 Wet-Steam Lancing

814 Sweating

815 Cleaning Procedures

820 Cleaning Boiler Watersides

821 Mechanical Cleaning

822 Chemical Cleaning

8221 Acids for Cleaning

82211 Hydrochloric Acid

82212 Phosphoric Acid

82213 Sulfamic Acid

82214 Citric Acid and Sulfuric Acid

8222 Inhibitors


8224 Acid Cleaning Procedures

8225 Flushing and Neutralizing

823 Boiling Out

900 BOILER MAINTENANCE

910 Maintenance of Auxiliary Equipment

911 Maintenance Requirements for Control of Water Level

912 Gauge Glass Replacement

913 Feedwater Regulator Maintenance

914 Valve Maintenance

915 Steam Injector Maintenance

916 Steam Trap Maintenance

917 Fan Maintenance

918 Handhole and Manhole Gasket Maintenance

919 Hydrostatic Tests

920 Boiler Tubes

921 Composition of Boiler Tubes

922 Renewing Tubes

923 Removing Tubes

924 Cleaning Tubes

925 Preparing Tube Sheets

926 Repairing Tube Sheets

927 Preparing Tube Ends

928 Fitting Tubes

929 Expanding Tubes

9210 Belling Tubes

9211 Renewing Welded Tubes

9212 Plugging Boiler Tubes

930 Repairing Boiler Refractories

940 Boiler Operation

941 Pre-Watch Assumption Checks

942 Pre-Operating Checks

943 Lining Up Systems

944 Operating Procedures

9441 Normal Operation

9442 Blowdown

9443 Boiler Makeup Water

9445 Soot Removal

9446 Instrument Readings

945 Operating Checks

946 Securing Procedures

947 Boiler Emergencies

948 Boiler Operating Logs

950 Safety


952 Safe Practices

953 Unsafe Practices

954 Lockout Devices

9541 Multiple Lock Adapter

9542 Locks

9543 Lockout Procedures

Summary

Review Questions




UT Basic Chapter 10 Steam Distribution Systems

Chapter 10

Steam Distribution Systems

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites

100 EXTERIOR STEAM DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

110 Underground Systems

111 Conduit Type

112 Utilidor Type

120 Aboveground Systems

121 Overhead Distribution Systems

122 Surface Distribution Systems

123 Maintenance

200 INTERIOR STEAM DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

210 Gravity One-Pipe Air-Vent System

211 Installation

212 Operation

213 Maintenance

220 Two-Pipe Vapor System with a Return Trap

221 Installation

222 Operation

223 Maintenance

230 Two-Pipe Vapor System With a Condensate Pump

231 Installation

232 Operation

233 Maintenance


241 Installation

242 Operation

243 Maintenance

300 STEAM DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM COMPONENTS

310 Radiators

320 Radiator Air Vents

330 Steam Traps

331 Types of Traps

3311 Float Trap

3312 Ball-Float Trap

3313 Bucket Trap

3314 Thermostatic Trap

3315 Float Thermostatic Trap

3316 Impulse Trap

3317 Thermodynamic Trap

3318 Throttling Trap

3319 Bimetallic-Element Trap

332 Pointers on Operating Procedures

333 Steam Trap Tests

3331 Test Valve Method

3332 Glove Test Method

3333 Pyrometer Test Method

3334 Pyrometric Crayon Test Method

3335 Ear Test Method

3336 Protection Against Freezing

340 Water Tanks

350 Water Heaters

351 Storage Type

352 Instantaneous Type


370 Condensate Pump Return

380 Expansion Joints

Summary

Review Questions




UT Basic Chapter 11 Heating Systems

Chapter 11

Heating Systems

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites

100 PRINCIPLES of HEATING

110 Theory of Heat

120 Measurement

130 Heat Transfer

131 Conduction

132 Convection

133 Radiation

200 COMBUSTIBLE FUELS

210 Types of Gases

211 Natural Gas

212 Manufactured Gas

213 Liquefied Petroleum Gas

214 Fuel Oils

300 WARM-AIR HEATING EQUIPMENT

310 Unit Heaters

311 Space Heaters

3111 Electric Heaters and Installation

3112 Gas Heaters and Installation

3113 Oil-Fired Space Heaters

31131 Installation

320 Unit Heater Maintenance

400 WARM-AIR HEATING SYSTEMS

410 Gravity System

420 Forced-Air System

430 Air Distribution

440 Gas Fired Furnaces

441 Construction Features

442 Basic Components

443 Gas Burners and Controls

4431 Manual Gas Valve

4432 Gas Pressure Regulator

4433 Solenoid Gas Valve

4434 Diaphragm Valve

4435 Pilot Light

4436 Thermocouple

4437 Thermocouple Control Relay

4438 Limit Control

4439 Heat Exchanger

44310 Draft Diverter

44311 Humidifiers

450 Oil-Fired Furnaces

451 Domestic Oil Burners


4512 Fuel Unit

45121 Ignition Electrodes

45122 Horizontal Rotary Type

4513 Oil Burner Controls

45131 Primary Control

45132 Limit Control

45133 Temperature-Responsive Devices

45134 Bimetallic Strip

45135 Vapor-Tension Device

45136 Remote-Bulb Device

45137 Bellows

45138 Bourdon Tube

45139 Electrical Switches

451310 Thermostat

460 Furnace Installation

470 Maintenance of Fuel Oil Systems

471 Fuel Oil Firing

472 Steam-Atomizing and Air-Atomizing Burners

473 Mechanical-Atomizing Burner

474 Horizontal Rotary-Cup Burner

480 Oil-Burner Maintenance

481 Troubleshooting

482 Flame Adjustment

483 Test Equipment

490 Fuel Pump

500 LOW-TEMPERATURE HOT WATER SYSTEMS

510 Steel Hot-Water Boilers

520 Installing Boilers for Low-Temperature Hot Water Systems

530 Operation of Hot Water Boilers in a Low-Temperature Hot Water System

540 Boiler Fittings and Accessories

541 Pressure-Relief Valve

542 Pressure Gauge

543 Water-Level Control Valve

544 Airflow Switch

600 LOW-TEMPERATURE HOT WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

610 Gravity Systems

611 One-Pipe Open-Tank System

612 Two-Pipe Open-Tank System

613 One-Pipe Closed-Tank System

614 Expansion in a Gravity Hot-Water Distribution System

620 Forced-Circulation Systems


622 Two-Pipe Closed-Tank System

630 Distribution System Components

631 Pipelines

632 Radiators

6321 Convectors

6322 Radiator Vents and Shutoff Valves

633 Unit Heaters

634 Circulating Pumps

635 Reducing Valves

636 Flow-Control Valves

637 Special Flow Fittings

640 Maintaining and Troubleshooting Hot-Water Heating Systems

700 HIGH-TEMPERATURE HOT-WATER SYSTEMS

710 Types of HTHW Systems

720 Pressurizing the HTHW System

721 Saturated Steam Cushion

722 Mechanical Gas Cushion

723 Operation

730 Piping System Installation

Summary

Review Questions



UT Basic Chapter 12 Refrigeration

Chapter 12

Refrigeration

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 HEAT and REFRIGERATION PRINCIPLES

110 Nature of Heat

120 Unit of Heat

130 Measurement of Heat

140 Transfer of Heat

150 Specific Heat

160 Sensible Heat

170 Latent Heat

180 Total Heat

190 Day-Ton of Refrigeration

1100 Pressure

1101 Atmospheric Pressure

1102 Scale Relationships

1103 Effects of Pressure on Gases

1110 Vaporization

1120 Condensation

200 MECHANICAL REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS

210 Components

211 Compressors

2111 External-Drive Compressor

2112 Hermetic Compressor

212 Condensers

2121 Air-Cooled Condensers

2122 Water-Cooled Condensers

2123 Evaporative Condensers

213 Liquid Receiver

214 Evaporators

215 Control Devices

2151 Metering Devices

2152 Automatic Expansion Valve

2153 Thermostatic Expansion Valve

2154 Low-Side Float Expansion Valve

2155 High-Side Float Expansion Valve

2156 Capillary Tube

216 Accessory Devices

2161 Relief Valve

2162 Discharge Pressure Gauge and Thermometer

2163 Compressor Motor Controls

2164 Solenoid Stop Valves

2165 Thermostat Switch

2166 Liquid Line

2167 Liquid Line Filter-Drier or Dehydrator

2168 Sight-Flow Indicator

2169 Suction Line

21610 Pressure Control Switches

21611 Suction Line Filter-Drier

21612 Gauges and Thermometers

21612 Accumulators and Oil Separators

300 REFRIGERANTS

310 R-12 Dichlorodifluoromethane (CC12F2)

320 R-22 Monochlorodifluoromethane (CHCIF2)

330 R-502 Refrigerant (CHCIF2CCIF2CF3)

340 R-134a Tetrafluoroethane (CH2FCF3)

350 R-717 Ammonia (NH3)

360 R-125 Pentafluoroethane (CHCF5)

370 R-410A Refrigerant

380 Ozone Protection and the Clean Air Act

400 REFRIGERANT SAFETY

410 Personal Protection

420 Handling and Storage of Refrigerant Cylinders

500 REFRIGERANT EQUIPMENT

510 Reach-In Refrigerators

520 Walk-In Refrigerators

530 Domestic Refrigerators

531 Single Door Fresh Food Refrigerator

532 Two-Door Refrigerator-Freezer Combination

540 Water Coolers and Ice Machines

600 INSTALLATION of REFRIGERATION EQUIPMENT

610 Effects of Moisture


630 Refrigerant Piping

640 Multiple Compressors

700 MAINTENANCE SERVICE and REPAIR of REFRIGERATION EQUIPMENT

710 Servicing Equipment

720 Transferring Refrigerants

730 Evacuating and Charging a System

731 Evacuation

732 Charging

740 Refrigerant Leaks

741 Halide Leak Detector

742 Electronic Leak Detector

743 Soap and Water Test

750 Recovery Recycling and Reclaiming Refrigerant

751 Recovery

752 Recycling

753 Reclaiming

760 Component Removal and Replacement

761 Removing Expansion or Float Valves

762 Replacing an Evaporator

763 Removing the Compressor

764 Removing Hermetic Compressors

800 MAINTENANCE of COMPRESSORS

810 Open Types of Compressors

811 Shaft Bellow Seal

812 Valve Obstructions

813 Compressor Lubrication

814 Compressor Knocks

815 Stuck or Tight Compressor

820 Inspection of Compressors

900 MAINTENANCE of MOTORS

910 Mechanical Problems

911 Moisture in the System

912 Loose Copper Tubing

913 Doors and Hardware

914 Defrosting

920 Electrical Defects

921 Opens

922 Shorts

923 Grounds

924 Testing the Motor

930 Troubleshooting Refrigeration Equipment

1000 LOGS

Summary

Review Questions




UT Basic Chapter 13 Air Conditioning

Chapter 13

Air Conditioning

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 PRINCIPLES of AIR CONDITIONING

110 Temperature

120 Humidity

121 Dew-Point Temperature

122 Relationship of Wet-Bulb Dry-Bulb and Dew-Point Temperatures

130 Purity of Air

140 Circulation of Air

200 AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS

210 Self-Contained Air-Conditioning Units

220 Heat Pumps

221 Heating Cycle

222 Cooling Cycle

223 Defrost Cycle

224 Supplemental Heat

230 Chilled-Water Systems

231 Types of Coolers

232 Controls

233 Condensers


2341 Shell-and-Coil Condensers

2342 Shell-and-Tube Condensers

2343 Tube-Within-A-Tube Condensers

240 Cleaning Water-Cooled Condensers

250 Maintenance

251 Coil Cleaning

252 Fan Motors

253 Fan Bearing Lubrication

254 Filters

260 Periodic Maintenance

261 Weekly Maintenance Checklist

262 Monthly Maintenance Checklist

263 Annual Maintenance Checklist

270 Seasonal Shutdown-Startup

271 Shutdown

271 Startup

280 Safety Warnings

300 MAJOR SYSTEM COMPONENTS and CONTROLS

310 Cooling Towers

311 Natural Draft

312 Inducted Draft

313 Forced Draft

314 Cooling Tower Materials

315 Maintenance of cooling towers

320 Compressors

321 Reciprocating Compressors

3211 Open

3212 Semi-sealed

3213 Hermetic

322 Rotary

323 Centrifugal Compressors

324 Scroll Compressors

330 Controls

331 Thermostats

332 Humidistats

333 Pressure-Flow Controllers

334 Refrigerant-Flow Controllers

335 Motor Overload Protectors

336 Step Controller

340 Troubleshooting

400 AUTOMOTIVE AIR CONDITIONING

410 Effect of Pressure on Boiling or Condensation

420 Automotive Compressors

421 Compressor Service Valves

422 Suction Pressure-Regulating Valves

430 Service Precautions

440 Diagnosis Testing and Servicing

450 System Visual Inspection

460 Cleaning a Badly Contaminated Refrigerant System

461 Flushing Agents

462 System Cleaning and Flushing


480 Truck and Bus Air Conditioning

490 Certification

491 Automotive Air-Conditioning Certification

492 Heating Ventilating Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Certification

500 DUCTWORK

510 Classification of Ducts

520 Types of Duct Systems

530 Construction

540 Components

541 Diffusers Grilles and Registers

542 Dampers

543 Fire Dampers

544 Fans

550 Balancing the System

Summary

Review Questions




UT Basic Chapter 14 Utilities Equipment and Maintenance

Chapter 14


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites

Features of This Manual

100 COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS

110 Installation of Industrial Food Grinders

120 Industrial Sink

200 MAINTENANCE of INDUSTRIAL FOOD GRINDERS

210 Common Malfunctions

220 Repair Procedures

230 Replacement of Industrial Sinks

300 GALLEY EQUIPMENT

310 Steam Kettles

320 Steam Chests

330 Steam Tables

340 Dishwashers

350 Ranges

360 Field Range

370 Bakery Ovens

380 Interceptors and Grease Traps

400 EMERGENCY SHOWERS and EYEWASH STATIONS

410 Types of Units

420 Components and Functions




500 FIRE HYDRANTS

510 Types of Hydrants

520 Hydrant Components

530 Location of Hydrants

540 Installation of Hydrants



600 INSPECTION of FIRE HYDRANTS

610 Purpose of Inspections

620 Visual Inspections

630 Operational Inspection

700 BACKFLOW PREVENTION

710 Definition of Backflow

720 Types of Backflow

730 Definition of Cross Connection

740 Types of Cross-Connections

750 Classes of Hazards

760 Backflow Devices Description and Installation

800 EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE

810 Maintenance of Chemical Feeders

811 Dry Chemical Feeders

812 Solution Feeders

820 Maintenance of Ion Exchange Units

821 Softener Unit

822 Regeneration Equipment

830 Maintenance of Clarification Equipment

831 Mixers

832 Flocculator Basins

833 Sedimentation Basins

840 Maintenance of Filtration Equipment

841 Gravity Filters

842 Pressure Filters

843 Diatomite Filters

850 Maintenance of Aeration Equipment

851 Waterfall Aerators

852 Injection or Diffuser Aerators

853 Spray Nozzle Aerators

854 Blowers and Accessory Equipment

860 Safety and Emergencies

861 Chlorination

862 Handling Lime

863 Handling and Storing Chemicals

864 Housekeeping

Summary

Review Questions



APPENDIX I

APPENDIX II

APPENDIX III

UT Back Cover

tfP3W37 An aboveground insulated network of pipes and cables used to convey water and electricity in communities situated in areas of permafrost

btnUTILIDOR

dQuestionUTB10KC1a1

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tfP12W376 Evaporating rapidly passing off readily in the form of vapor

btnVOLATILE

btnPYROMETER

tfP19W30 An apparatus for measuring high temperatures that uses the radiation emitted by a hot body as a basis for measurement

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txtRate

txtCourse

txtDate

txtChapter

txtNumber

txtDescription

txtCorrection

txtName

This course map shows all of the chapters in Utilitiesman Basic The suggested training order begins at the bottom and proceeds up Skill levels increase as you advance on the course map


Air Conditioning

Refrigeration

Heating Systems U

Steam Distribution Systems T

Boilers

Sewage Disposal Field Sanitation and Water Treatment B

Prime Movers Pumps and Compressors A

Plumbing Fixtures S

Piping System Layout and Plumbing Accessories I

Structural Openings and Pipe Material C




Features of this Manual This manual has several features which make it easier to use online

Figure and table numbers in the text are italicized The figure or table is either next to or below the text that refers to it

The first time a glossary term appears in the text it is bold and italicized When your cursor crosses over that word or phrase a popup box displays with the appropriate definition

Audio and video clips are included in the text with an italicized instruction telling you where to click to activate it

Review questions that apply to a section are listed under the Test Your Knowledge banner at the end of the section Select the answer you choose If the answer is correct you will be taken to the next section heading If the answer is incorrect you will be taken to the area in the chapter where the information is for

















poles





















































































































A True B False















factor


















pump



pipe vapor system









A 1 to 5 B 2 to 11 C 3 to 10 D 9 to 13


A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4



A True B False




the Seabees

A 3 B 5 C 7 D 9









A 5 B 15 C 25 D 35





device









supply of water









how many degrees

A 120 B 140 C 160 D 180


heaters



device







A 3 B 5 C 7 D 9



A 10 to 20 B 20 to 30 C 30 to 40 D 40 to 50



A True B False












Rate____ Course Name_____________________________________________




A9RFE65tmppdf

Instruction Page

UTB Cover

UTB Copyright



Chapter 1


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 BLUEPRINTS




1211 Title Block

1212 Drawing Number

1213 Revision Block


1215 Zone Number



131 Piping Systems

132 Fixtures

133 Fittings


13311 Elbows

13312 Tees

13313 Unions

13314 Gate Valve

13315 Globe Valve


13321 Bend

13322 Sanitary Tee


134 Joints

1341 Screwed Joints




140 Types of Scales

200 PLANS

210 Site Plan


221 Plot Plans

222 Foundation Plan

223 Floor Plan

224 Elevation Plan









243 Plumbing Layout

300 SPECIFICATIONS

















Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 2


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




120 Decimal Rules






130 Rounding Rules

140 Fraction Rules

















160 Area Formulas



1711 45deg Offsets



1714 60deg Offsets






173 Rolled Offsets


210 Safety


221 Current

2211 Effects

22111 Heat




2212 Uses



222 Voltage

2221 Measurement

2222 Source

22221 Chemical

22222 Thermal

22223 Mechanical

2223 Uses

223 Resistance








2242 Ground Circuit

2243 Capacitors

2244 Batteries






311 Power Source

312 Load


3131 Material

3132 Wire Size

314 Insulation

315 Location

316 Wiring Standard

317 Color Codes


320 Circuit Types

321 Series Circuit



330 Ohmrsquos Law


332 Series Circuit



410 Meters

411 Voltmeter

412 Ammeter

413 Ohmmeter

414 Meter Safety

420 Circuit Faults

421 Open

422 Shorts

423 Grounds



431 Diagnosis


433 Localization

434 Isolation

435 Repair

436 Operation





522 Copper Tubing

523 Plastic




531 End to End


533 End to Center

534 End to Back

535 Center to Back

536 Back to Back

537 Face to Face





562 Buried Pipe


600 EXCAVATION



612 Procedures













640 Testing

641 Water Test

642 Air Test

643 Odor Test

650 Backfilling












Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 3


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


110 SOURCES

111 Rainwater

112 Surface Water


1131 Wells








132 Loop System











1442 System Life



14511 Asphalt

14512 Coal Tar





150 Malfunctions


152 Pipe Noise


161 Sizing Factors


163 Materials Used


171 Valves

172 Fittings

173 Specialties

200 WATER SERVICE

210 Trenching

211 Soil Conditions

212 Safety Issues



230 Backfilling




2412 Fittings

2413 Joining

242 Copper Pipe

2421 Bending

2422 Measuring

24221 End to End


24223 End to Center

24224 End to Back


24226 Back to Back

24227 Face to Face





321 Foundations










324 Pneumatic Tanks

325 Appurtenances

326 Grounds


410 Source

420 Pumps13

430 Treatment Plant

440 Piping

450 Control Valves

460 Fire Hydrants

470 Water Usage


510 Tapping Machine









621 Swing Joint

622 Expansion Loop

630 Curb Stop


650 Curb Boxes










810 Lavatories



813 Mounting Board

820 Urinals


822 Cold Water



826 Backing Board

830 Water Closets





840 BathtubsShowers



843 Mixing Valves

844 Header Board




9111 Measuring

9112 Cutting

9113 Fittings

9114 Joining



9122 Cutting

9123 Fittings

9124 Joining

913 Plastic Pipe


9132 Cutting

9133 Fittings

9134 Joining


9136 Testing



922 Testing

9221 Water Test

9222 Air Test

9223 Odor Test

923 Manholes




1011 Soil Pipe

1012 Waste Pipe

1013 Stack

1014 Branch

1015 Building Drain

1016 Building Sewer

1020 Types of Pipes



1023 Brass Pipe


1025 Copper Pipe

1026 Plastic Pipe


1031 Bend

1032 Closet Bend

1033 Wye

1034 Sanitary Tee

1035 Test Tee


1037 Double Tee


1039 Cleanout

1040 Traps

1041 Common P-Trap

1042 Deep P-Trap

1043 Integral Trap

1044 Trap Seal Loss




10444 Evaporation


1051 Stacks

10511 Soil Stack

10512 Waste Stack

1052 Vents

10521 Stack Vent

10522 Vent Stack

10523 Main Vent


10525 Dual Vent

10526 Wet Vent

10527 Loop Vent

10528 Circuit Vent

10529 Relief Vent

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 4


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




111 Wood

1111 Box Type

1121 Frame Type

112 Masonry

113 Metal





124 Working Drawing


131 Rough-In

132 Finish Plumbing




1333 Jigsaw

1334 Hammer Drill

1335 Tin Snips

1336 Brace and Bit

1337 Keyhole Saw



141 Center Cut

142 Over Cut

143 Under Cut

144 Notch







212 Methods

220 Hand Threading

221 Cutting Pipe

222 Reaming

223 Threading

224 Dies

225 Procedures


231 Clean Threads




235 Pipe Nipples












321 PVC Schedule 40

322 PVC Schedule 80




331 Advantages

332 Disadvantages



341 Solvent Welding

342 Fusion Welding

343 Fillet Welding

344 Threaded




4111 Type K

4112 Type L

4113 Type M

4114 Type DWV



4131 Hand Method

4132 Bending Block

4133 Spring Bender



421 Ferrule Joints

422 Flaring

423 Swedging

4231 Procedures



4242 Torch

4243 Solder

4244 Procedures

42441 Silver Solder


440 System Layout

450 Safety



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 5


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Dumpy Level


130 Hand Level



160 Care of Levels

200 LEVELING RODS

210 Direct Readings

220 Target Readings

230 Rod Levels



300 BENCH MARK (BM)




430 Faulty Handling


500 SEWER STAKEOUT




610 Valves

611 Gate Valve

612 Globe Valve

613 Butterfly Valve

614 Altitude Valve

615 Ball Valve

616 Check Valve





6111 Valve Boxes

6112 Gear Boxes


620 Valve Repair



623 Lapping Valves

624 Refacing Valves


700 WATER METERS

710 Meter Dials


800 INSULATION

810 Piping






930 Main Location

940 Valve Location



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 6

Plumbing Fixtures

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




120 Water Closets

121 Installation


130 Urinals

140 Bidets

150 Sinks

151 Kitchen Sink

152 Service Sink

153 Lavatories

154 Faucets



180 Floor Drains

190 Water Heaters


210 Water Breaks

220 Water Mains



232 Steam Thawing


300 PIPE LEAKS

310 Locating Leaks



400 WATER CLOSETS

410 Flush Tank


500 FLUSHOMETERS



530 Repairs

600 FAUCETS


620 Shower Heads


710 Flushing


730 Cleaning










9114 Thermostat


9116 Tank






9124 Thermostat

9125 Drain Valve









1011 Wall Hung

1012 Counter Top

1013 Pedestal

1014 Trough



1022 Lip Height

1023 Drain

1024 Tailpiece


1031 P-Trap





1051 Supply Lines




1062 Drain




11111 Siphon Jet



11114 Reverse Trap





11311 Flushometers


113121 Wall-Hung





1211 Wall-Hung

1212 Pedestal

1213 Trough

1214 Stall

1220 Traps

1230 Flushometers

1231 Piston

1232 Diaphragm


1241 Wall Hung

1242 Pedestal

1243 Trough

1244 Stall



1247 Tailpiece

1248 Vacuum Breaker

1249 Spud


1251 Piston

1252 Diaphragm





1321 Shower Head

1330 Installation

Procedures

1331 Tub and Shower


1333 Tiled Shower


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 7


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 PRIME MOVERS

110 Electric Motors


1111 Lubrication


1113 Safety

1114 Cleanliness




1221 Safety

1222 Cleanliness

200 PUMPS

210 Pump Operation

220 Suction Force


240 Types of Pumps

241 Rotary Pumps












244 Air-Lift Pumps

245 Jet Pumps


251 Piping

2511 Suction Piping




252 Stuffing Box

253 Packing




2541 Single Seal

2542 Double Seal






300 AIR COMPRESSORS

Pressure and Uses





350 Cooling System


370 Engine



391 Piping






Test your Knowledge

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 8


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites





1111 House Sewer

1112 Lateral Sewer

1113 Branch Sewer

1114 Main Sewer

1115 Trunk Sewer


1117 Forced Main


1119 Outfall Sewer

11110 Manhole


11112 Catch Basin



114 Gravity Systems



121 Soil Pipe

122 Waste Pipe



125 Branch

126 Building Drain


210 Stoppages

211 Tree Roots

212 Sand or Gravel

213 GreaseTar


300 HEALTH HAZARDS

310 Atmospheric

320 Bacterial








415 Bacteria






416 Baffle



419 Diffuser

4110 Digester

4111 Disinfection



4114 Distributor

4115 Effluent

4116 Headworks

4117 Imhoff Tank

4118 Influent


4120 Nutrients

4121 Organic Waste

4122 Percolation

4123 Pollution



4126 Scum


4128 Seed Sludge

4129 Septic Tank

4130 Sewage

4131 Shock Load

4132 Sludge


4134 Supernatant


4136 Weir

4137 Wet Well


421 Domestic Waste

4211 Organic Waste



4221 Organic Waste





431 Human Health



441 Total Solids








510 Cesspool Uses

520 Operation

530 Additions






630 CapacitySizing

640 Dosing Tanks




671 Health Problems


673 Gas Hazards






750 Mound Latrines


770 Pail Latrine




792 Pipe Urinals

793 Urinal Troughs








930 Testing

940 Trench Width

950 Pipe Size

960 Laying the Pipe

961 Type of Pipe

9611 Fiber Pipe


962 Slope

970 Tile Beds





1010 Water Cycle

1011 Surface Water

1012 Groundwater





10231 Typhoid Fever


10233 Cholera



10236 Diarrhea


10241 Flocculation

10242 Sedimentation

10243 Filtration

10244 Disinfection






102410 Safety







1036 Locating Leaks

1037 Hypochlorites

1038 Ammonia

1039 Sulfur Dioxide




10421 Wells











105111 Equipment


105121 Equipment

105122 Reagents



1052 pH Test

10521 Indicators

10522 Procedures

1053 Salinity Tests


105311 Reagents



105314 Calculations

10532 Hardness Test

105321 Reagents

105322 Procedures

105323 Calculations

10533 Chloride Test

105331 Reagents

105332 Procedures

105333 Calculations

10534 Sulfate Test

1054 Color Test


10551 Equipment

10552 Procedures


1057 Turbidity Test

1058 Records

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 9

Boilers

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



210 Air Cock


230 Blowdown Valves

240 Fusible Plugs

250 Water Column


252 Try Cocks

253 Gauge Glass

260 Safety Valve






311 Straight Tube

312 Bent Tube





324 Firebox Boiler



510 Float Control







630 Draft Gauges




720 Scale

730 Corrosion





753 Test for Tannin




757 Test for pH








814 Sweating








82213 Sulfamic Acid


8222 Inhibitors




823 Boiling Out









917 Fan Maintenance



920 Boiler Tubes


922 Renewing Tubes

923 Removing Tubes

924 Cleaning Tubes




928 Fitting Tubes

929 Expanding Tubes

9210 Belling Tubes










9442 Blowdown


9445 Soot Removal






950 Safety


952 Safe Practices


954 Lockout Devices


9542 Locks


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 10


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



111 Conduit Type

112 Utilidor Type




123 Maintenance



211 Installation

212 Operation

213 Maintenance


221 Installation

222 Operation

223 Maintenance


231 Installation

232 Operation

233 Maintenance


241 Installation

242 Operation

243 Maintenance


310 Radiators


330 Steam Traps

331 Types of Traps

3311 Float Trap


3313 Bucket Trap



3316 Impulse Trap












340 Water Tanks

350 Water Heaters

351 Storage Type





Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 11

Heating Systems

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


110 Theory of Heat

120 Measurement

130 Heat Transfer

131 Conduction

132 Convection

133 Radiation


210 Types of Gases

211 Natural Gas



214 Fuel Oils


310 Unit Heaters

311 Space Heaters




31131 Installation



410 Gravity System











4435 Pilot Light

4436 Thermocouple


4438 Limit Control

4439 Heat Exchanger


44311 Humidifiers




4512 Fuel Unit





45132 Limit Control





45137 Bellows

45138 Bourdon Tube


451310 Thermostat



471 Fuel Oil Firing





481 Troubleshooting


483 Test Equipment

490 Fuel Pump







542 Pressure Gauge


544 Airflow Switch


610 Gravity Systems









631 Pipelines

632 Radiators

6321 Convectors


633 Unit Heaters


635 Reducing Valves









723 Operation


Summary

Review Questions




Chapter 12

Refrigeration

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Nature of Heat

120 Unit of Heat



150 Specific Heat

160 Sensible Heat

170 Latent Heat

180 Total Heat


1100 Pressure




1110 Vaporization

1120 Condensation


210 Components

211 Compressors



212 Condensers




213 Liquid Receiver

214 Evaporators

215 Control Devices






2156 Capillary Tube


2161 Relief Valve





2166 Liquid Line



2169 Suction Line





300 REFRIGERANTS




























731 Evacuation

732 Charging






751 Recovery

752 Recycling

753 Reclaiming



















914 Defrosting


921 Opens

922 Shorts

923 Grounds



1000 LOGS

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 13

Air Conditioning

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Temperature

120 Humidity



130 Purity of Air




220 Heat Pumps

221 Heating Cycle

222 Cooling Cycle

223 Defrost Cycle




232 Controls

233 Condensers






250 Maintenance

251 Coil Cleaning

252 Fan Motors


254 Filters






271 Shutdown

271 Startup

280 Safety Warnings


310 Cooling Towers

311 Natural Draft

312 Inducted Draft

313 Forced Draft



320 Compressors


3211 Open

3212 Semi-sealed

3213 Hermetic

322 Rotary



330 Controls

331 Thermostats

332 Humidistats




336 Step Controller

340 Troubleshooting










461 Flushing Agents




490 Certification



500 DUCTWORK



530 Construction

540 Components


542 Dampers

543 Fire Dampers

544 Fans


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 14


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




120 Industrial Sink






310 Steam Kettles

320 Steam Chests

330 Steam Tables

340 Dishwashers

350 Ranges

360 Field Range

370 Bakery Ovens



410 Types of Units





500 FIRE HYDRANTS























821 Softener Unit



831 Mixers




841 Gravity Filters









861 Chlorination

862 Handling Lime


864 Housekeeping

Summary

Review Questions



APPENDIX I

APPENDIX II

APPENDIX III

UT Back Cover


btnUTILIDOR

dQuestionUTB10KC1a1

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txtRate

txtCourse

txtDate

txtChapter

txtNumber

txtDescription

txtCorrection

txtName
















poles





















































































































A True B False















factor


















pump



pipe vapor system









A 1 to 5 B 2 to 11 C 3 to 10 D 9 to 13


A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4



A True B False




the Seabees

A 3 B 5 C 7 D 9









A 5 B 15 C 25 D 35





device









supply of water









how many degrees

A 120 B 140 C 160 D 180


heaters



device







A 3 B 5 C 7 D 9



A 10 to 20 B 20 to 30 C 30 to 40 D 40 to 50



A True B False












Rate____ Course Name_____________________________________________




A9RFE65tmppdf

Instruction Page

UTB Cover

UTB Copyright



Chapter 1


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 BLUEPRINTS




1211 Title Block

1212 Drawing Number

1213 Revision Block


1215 Zone Number



131 Piping Systems

132 Fixtures

133 Fittings


13311 Elbows

13312 Tees

13313 Unions

13314 Gate Valve

13315 Globe Valve


13321 Bend

13322 Sanitary Tee


134 Joints

1341 Screwed Joints




140 Types of Scales

200 PLANS

210 Site Plan


221 Plot Plans

222 Foundation Plan

223 Floor Plan

224 Elevation Plan









243 Plumbing Layout

300 SPECIFICATIONS

















Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 2


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




120 Decimal Rules






130 Rounding Rules

140 Fraction Rules

















160 Area Formulas



1711 45deg Offsets



1714 60deg Offsets






173 Rolled Offsets


210 Safety


221 Current

2211 Effects

22111 Heat




2212 Uses



222 Voltage

2221 Measurement

2222 Source

22221 Chemical

22222 Thermal

22223 Mechanical

2223 Uses

223 Resistance








2242 Ground Circuit

2243 Capacitors

2244 Batteries






311 Power Source

312 Load


3131 Material

3132 Wire Size

314 Insulation

315 Location

316 Wiring Standard

317 Color Codes


320 Circuit Types

321 Series Circuit



330 Ohmrsquos Law


332 Series Circuit



410 Meters

411 Voltmeter

412 Ammeter

413 Ohmmeter

414 Meter Safety

420 Circuit Faults

421 Open

422 Shorts

423 Grounds



431 Diagnosis


433 Localization

434 Isolation

435 Repair

436 Operation





522 Copper Tubing

523 Plastic




531 End to End


533 End to Center

534 End to Back

535 Center to Back

536 Back to Back

537 Face to Face





562 Buried Pipe


600 EXCAVATION



612 Procedures













640 Testing

641 Water Test

642 Air Test

643 Odor Test

650 Backfilling












Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 3


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


110 SOURCES

111 Rainwater

112 Surface Water


1131 Wells








132 Loop System











1442 System Life



14511 Asphalt

14512 Coal Tar





150 Malfunctions


152 Pipe Noise


161 Sizing Factors


163 Materials Used


171 Valves

172 Fittings

173 Specialties

200 WATER SERVICE

210 Trenching

211 Soil Conditions

212 Safety Issues



230 Backfilling




2412 Fittings

2413 Joining

242 Copper Pipe

2421 Bending

2422 Measuring

24221 End to End


24223 End to Center

24224 End to Back


24226 Back to Back

24227 Face to Face





321 Foundations










324 Pneumatic Tanks

325 Appurtenances

326 Grounds


410 Source

420 Pumps13

430 Treatment Plant

440 Piping

450 Control Valves

460 Fire Hydrants

470 Water Usage


510 Tapping Machine









621 Swing Joint

622 Expansion Loop

630 Curb Stop


650 Curb Boxes










810 Lavatories



813 Mounting Board

820 Urinals


822 Cold Water



826 Backing Board

830 Water Closets





840 BathtubsShowers



843 Mixing Valves

844 Header Board




9111 Measuring

9112 Cutting

9113 Fittings

9114 Joining



9122 Cutting

9123 Fittings

9124 Joining

913 Plastic Pipe


9132 Cutting

9133 Fittings

9134 Joining


9136 Testing



922 Testing

9221 Water Test

9222 Air Test

9223 Odor Test

923 Manholes




1011 Soil Pipe

1012 Waste Pipe

1013 Stack

1014 Branch

1015 Building Drain

1016 Building Sewer

1020 Types of Pipes



1023 Brass Pipe


1025 Copper Pipe

1026 Plastic Pipe


1031 Bend

1032 Closet Bend

1033 Wye

1034 Sanitary Tee

1035 Test Tee


1037 Double Tee


1039 Cleanout

1040 Traps

1041 Common P-Trap

1042 Deep P-Trap

1043 Integral Trap

1044 Trap Seal Loss




10444 Evaporation


1051 Stacks

10511 Soil Stack

10512 Waste Stack

1052 Vents

10521 Stack Vent

10522 Vent Stack

10523 Main Vent


10525 Dual Vent

10526 Wet Vent

10527 Loop Vent

10528 Circuit Vent

10529 Relief Vent

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 4


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




111 Wood

1111 Box Type

1121 Frame Type

112 Masonry

113 Metal





124 Working Drawing


131 Rough-In

132 Finish Plumbing




1333 Jigsaw

1334 Hammer Drill

1335 Tin Snips

1336 Brace and Bit

1337 Keyhole Saw



141 Center Cut

142 Over Cut

143 Under Cut

144 Notch







212 Methods

220 Hand Threading

221 Cutting Pipe

222 Reaming

223 Threading

224 Dies

225 Procedures


231 Clean Threads




235 Pipe Nipples












321 PVC Schedule 40

322 PVC Schedule 80




331 Advantages

332 Disadvantages



341 Solvent Welding

342 Fusion Welding

343 Fillet Welding

344 Threaded




4111 Type K

4112 Type L

4113 Type M

4114 Type DWV



4131 Hand Method

4132 Bending Block

4133 Spring Bender



421 Ferrule Joints

422 Flaring

423 Swedging

4231 Procedures



4242 Torch

4243 Solder

4244 Procedures

42441 Silver Solder


440 System Layout

450 Safety



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 5


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Dumpy Level


130 Hand Level



160 Care of Levels

200 LEVELING RODS

210 Direct Readings

220 Target Readings

230 Rod Levels



300 BENCH MARK (BM)




430 Faulty Handling


500 SEWER STAKEOUT




610 Valves

611 Gate Valve

612 Globe Valve

613 Butterfly Valve

614 Altitude Valve

615 Ball Valve

616 Check Valve





6111 Valve Boxes

6112 Gear Boxes


620 Valve Repair



623 Lapping Valves

624 Refacing Valves


700 WATER METERS

710 Meter Dials


800 INSULATION

810 Piping






930 Main Location

940 Valve Location



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 6

Plumbing Fixtures

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




120 Water Closets

121 Installation


130 Urinals

140 Bidets

150 Sinks

151 Kitchen Sink

152 Service Sink

153 Lavatories

154 Faucets



180 Floor Drains

190 Water Heaters


210 Water Breaks

220 Water Mains



232 Steam Thawing


300 PIPE LEAKS

310 Locating Leaks



400 WATER CLOSETS

410 Flush Tank


500 FLUSHOMETERS



530 Repairs

600 FAUCETS


620 Shower Heads


710 Flushing


730 Cleaning










9114 Thermostat


9116 Tank






9124 Thermostat

9125 Drain Valve









1011 Wall Hung

1012 Counter Top

1013 Pedestal

1014 Trough



1022 Lip Height

1023 Drain

1024 Tailpiece


1031 P-Trap





1051 Supply Lines




1062 Drain




11111 Siphon Jet



11114 Reverse Trap





11311 Flushometers


113121 Wall-Hung





1211 Wall-Hung

1212 Pedestal

1213 Trough

1214 Stall

1220 Traps

1230 Flushometers

1231 Piston

1232 Diaphragm


1241 Wall Hung

1242 Pedestal

1243 Trough

1244 Stall



1247 Tailpiece

1248 Vacuum Breaker

1249 Spud


1251 Piston

1252 Diaphragm





1321 Shower Head

1330 Installation

Procedures

1331 Tub and Shower


1333 Tiled Shower


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 7


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 PRIME MOVERS

110 Electric Motors


1111 Lubrication


1113 Safety

1114 Cleanliness




1221 Safety

1222 Cleanliness

200 PUMPS

210 Pump Operation

220 Suction Force


240 Types of Pumps

241 Rotary Pumps












244 Air-Lift Pumps

245 Jet Pumps


251 Piping

2511 Suction Piping




252 Stuffing Box

253 Packing




2541 Single Seal

2542 Double Seal






300 AIR COMPRESSORS

Pressure and Uses





350 Cooling System


370 Engine



391 Piping






Test your Knowledge

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 8


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites





1111 House Sewer

1112 Lateral Sewer

1113 Branch Sewer

1114 Main Sewer

1115 Trunk Sewer


1117 Forced Main


1119 Outfall Sewer

11110 Manhole


11112 Catch Basin



114 Gravity Systems



121 Soil Pipe

122 Waste Pipe



125 Branch

126 Building Drain


210 Stoppages

211 Tree Roots

212 Sand or Gravel

213 GreaseTar


300 HEALTH HAZARDS

310 Atmospheric

320 Bacterial








415 Bacteria






416 Baffle



419 Diffuser

4110 Digester

4111 Disinfection



4114 Distributor

4115 Effluent

4116 Headworks

4117 Imhoff Tank

4118 Influent


4120 Nutrients

4121 Organic Waste

4122 Percolation

4123 Pollution



4126 Scum


4128 Seed Sludge

4129 Septic Tank

4130 Sewage

4131 Shock Load

4132 Sludge


4134 Supernatant


4136 Weir

4137 Wet Well


421 Domestic Waste

4211 Organic Waste



4221 Organic Waste





431 Human Health



441 Total Solids








510 Cesspool Uses

520 Operation

530 Additions






630 CapacitySizing

640 Dosing Tanks




671 Health Problems


673 Gas Hazards






750 Mound Latrines


770 Pail Latrine




792 Pipe Urinals

793 Urinal Troughs








930 Testing

940 Trench Width

950 Pipe Size

960 Laying the Pipe

961 Type of Pipe

9611 Fiber Pipe


962 Slope

970 Tile Beds





1010 Water Cycle

1011 Surface Water

1012 Groundwater





10231 Typhoid Fever


10233 Cholera



10236 Diarrhea


10241 Flocculation

10242 Sedimentation

10243 Filtration

10244 Disinfection






102410 Safety







1036 Locating Leaks

1037 Hypochlorites

1038 Ammonia

1039 Sulfur Dioxide




10421 Wells











105111 Equipment


105121 Equipment

105122 Reagents



1052 pH Test

10521 Indicators

10522 Procedures

1053 Salinity Tests


105311 Reagents



105314 Calculations

10532 Hardness Test

105321 Reagents

105322 Procedures

105323 Calculations

10533 Chloride Test

105331 Reagents

105332 Procedures

105333 Calculations

10534 Sulfate Test

1054 Color Test


10551 Equipment

10552 Procedures


1057 Turbidity Test

1058 Records

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 9

Boilers

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



210 Air Cock


230 Blowdown Valves

240 Fusible Plugs

250 Water Column


252 Try Cocks

253 Gauge Glass

260 Safety Valve






311 Straight Tube

312 Bent Tube





324 Firebox Boiler



510 Float Control







630 Draft Gauges




720 Scale

730 Corrosion





753 Test for Tannin




757 Test for pH








814 Sweating








82213 Sulfamic Acid


8222 Inhibitors




823 Boiling Out









917 Fan Maintenance



920 Boiler Tubes


922 Renewing Tubes

923 Removing Tubes

924 Cleaning Tubes




928 Fitting Tubes

929 Expanding Tubes

9210 Belling Tubes










9442 Blowdown


9445 Soot Removal






950 Safety


952 Safe Practices


954 Lockout Devices


9542 Locks


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 10


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



111 Conduit Type

112 Utilidor Type




123 Maintenance



211 Installation

212 Operation

213 Maintenance


221 Installation

222 Operation

223 Maintenance


231 Installation

232 Operation

233 Maintenance


241 Installation

242 Operation

243 Maintenance


310 Radiators


330 Steam Traps

331 Types of Traps

3311 Float Trap


3313 Bucket Trap



3316 Impulse Trap












340 Water Tanks

350 Water Heaters

351 Storage Type





Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 11

Heating Systems

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


110 Theory of Heat

120 Measurement

130 Heat Transfer

131 Conduction

132 Convection

133 Radiation


210 Types of Gases

211 Natural Gas



214 Fuel Oils


310 Unit Heaters

311 Space Heaters




31131 Installation



410 Gravity System











4435 Pilot Light

4436 Thermocouple


4438 Limit Control

4439 Heat Exchanger


44311 Humidifiers




4512 Fuel Unit





45132 Limit Control





45137 Bellows

45138 Bourdon Tube


451310 Thermostat



471 Fuel Oil Firing





481 Troubleshooting


483 Test Equipment

490 Fuel Pump







542 Pressure Gauge


544 Airflow Switch


610 Gravity Systems









631 Pipelines

632 Radiators

6321 Convectors


633 Unit Heaters


635 Reducing Valves









723 Operation


Summary

Review Questions




Chapter 12

Refrigeration

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Nature of Heat

120 Unit of Heat



150 Specific Heat

160 Sensible Heat

170 Latent Heat

180 Total Heat


1100 Pressure




1110 Vaporization

1120 Condensation


210 Components

211 Compressors



212 Condensers




213 Liquid Receiver

214 Evaporators

215 Control Devices






2156 Capillary Tube


2161 Relief Valve





2166 Liquid Line



2169 Suction Line





300 REFRIGERANTS




























731 Evacuation

732 Charging






751 Recovery

752 Recycling

753 Reclaiming



















914 Defrosting


921 Opens

922 Shorts

923 Grounds



1000 LOGS

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 13

Air Conditioning

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Temperature

120 Humidity



130 Purity of Air




220 Heat Pumps

221 Heating Cycle

222 Cooling Cycle

223 Defrost Cycle




232 Controls

233 Condensers






250 Maintenance

251 Coil Cleaning

252 Fan Motors


254 Filters






271 Shutdown

271 Startup

280 Safety Warnings


310 Cooling Towers

311 Natural Draft

312 Inducted Draft

313 Forced Draft



320 Compressors


3211 Open

3212 Semi-sealed

3213 Hermetic

322 Rotary



330 Controls

331 Thermostats

332 Humidistats




336 Step Controller

340 Troubleshooting










461 Flushing Agents




490 Certification



500 DUCTWORK



530 Construction

540 Components


542 Dampers

543 Fire Dampers

544 Fans


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 14


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




120 Industrial Sink






310 Steam Kettles

320 Steam Chests

330 Steam Tables

340 Dishwashers

350 Ranges

360 Field Range

370 Bakery Ovens



410 Types of Units





500 FIRE HYDRANTS























821 Softener Unit



831 Mixers




841 Gravity Filters









861 Chlorination

862 Handling Lime


864 Housekeeping

Summary

Review Questions



APPENDIX I

APPENDIX II

APPENDIX III

UT Back Cover


btnUTILIDOR

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txtRate

txtCourse

txtDate

txtChapter

txtNumber

txtDescription

txtCorrection

txtName




















































































































A True B False















factor


















pump



pipe vapor system









A 1 to 5 B 2 to 11 C 3 to 10 D 9 to 13


A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4



A True B False




the Seabees

A 3 B 5 C 7 D 9









A 5 B 15 C 25 D 35





device









supply of water









how many degrees

A 120 B 140 C 160 D 180


heaters



device







A 3 B 5 C 7 D 9



A 10 to 20 B 20 to 30 C 30 to 40 D 40 to 50



A True B False












Rate____ Course Name_____________________________________________




A9RFE65tmppdf

Instruction Page

UTB Cover

UTB Copyright



Chapter 1


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 BLUEPRINTS




1211 Title Block

1212 Drawing Number

1213 Revision Block


1215 Zone Number



131 Piping Systems

132 Fixtures

133 Fittings


13311 Elbows

13312 Tees

13313 Unions

13314 Gate Valve

13315 Globe Valve


13321 Bend

13322 Sanitary Tee


134 Joints

1341 Screwed Joints




140 Types of Scales

200 PLANS

210 Site Plan


221 Plot Plans

222 Foundation Plan

223 Floor Plan

224 Elevation Plan









243 Plumbing Layout

300 SPECIFICATIONS

















Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 2


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




120 Decimal Rules






130 Rounding Rules

140 Fraction Rules

















160 Area Formulas



1711 45deg Offsets



1714 60deg Offsets






173 Rolled Offsets


210 Safety


221 Current

2211 Effects

22111 Heat




2212 Uses



222 Voltage

2221 Measurement

2222 Source

22221 Chemical

22222 Thermal

22223 Mechanical

2223 Uses

223 Resistance








2242 Ground Circuit

2243 Capacitors

2244 Batteries






311 Power Source

312 Load


3131 Material

3132 Wire Size

314 Insulation

315 Location

316 Wiring Standard

317 Color Codes


320 Circuit Types

321 Series Circuit



330 Ohmrsquos Law


332 Series Circuit



410 Meters

411 Voltmeter

412 Ammeter

413 Ohmmeter

414 Meter Safety

420 Circuit Faults

421 Open

422 Shorts

423 Grounds



431 Diagnosis


433 Localization

434 Isolation

435 Repair

436 Operation





522 Copper Tubing

523 Plastic




531 End to End


533 End to Center

534 End to Back

535 Center to Back

536 Back to Back

537 Face to Face





562 Buried Pipe


600 EXCAVATION



612 Procedures













640 Testing

641 Water Test

642 Air Test

643 Odor Test

650 Backfilling












Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 3


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


110 SOURCES

111 Rainwater

112 Surface Water


1131 Wells








132 Loop System











1442 System Life



14511 Asphalt

14512 Coal Tar





150 Malfunctions


152 Pipe Noise


161 Sizing Factors


163 Materials Used


171 Valves

172 Fittings

173 Specialties

200 WATER SERVICE

210 Trenching

211 Soil Conditions

212 Safety Issues



230 Backfilling




2412 Fittings

2413 Joining

242 Copper Pipe

2421 Bending

2422 Measuring

24221 End to End


24223 End to Center

24224 End to Back


24226 Back to Back

24227 Face to Face





321 Foundations










324 Pneumatic Tanks

325 Appurtenances

326 Grounds


410 Source

420 Pumps13

430 Treatment Plant

440 Piping

450 Control Valves

460 Fire Hydrants

470 Water Usage


510 Tapping Machine









621 Swing Joint

622 Expansion Loop

630 Curb Stop


650 Curb Boxes










810 Lavatories



813 Mounting Board

820 Urinals


822 Cold Water



826 Backing Board

830 Water Closets





840 BathtubsShowers



843 Mixing Valves

844 Header Board




9111 Measuring

9112 Cutting

9113 Fittings

9114 Joining



9122 Cutting

9123 Fittings

9124 Joining

913 Plastic Pipe


9132 Cutting

9133 Fittings

9134 Joining


9136 Testing



922 Testing

9221 Water Test

9222 Air Test

9223 Odor Test

923 Manholes




1011 Soil Pipe

1012 Waste Pipe

1013 Stack

1014 Branch

1015 Building Drain

1016 Building Sewer

1020 Types of Pipes



1023 Brass Pipe


1025 Copper Pipe

1026 Plastic Pipe


1031 Bend

1032 Closet Bend

1033 Wye

1034 Sanitary Tee

1035 Test Tee


1037 Double Tee


1039 Cleanout

1040 Traps

1041 Common P-Trap

1042 Deep P-Trap

1043 Integral Trap

1044 Trap Seal Loss




10444 Evaporation


1051 Stacks

10511 Soil Stack

10512 Waste Stack

1052 Vents

10521 Stack Vent

10522 Vent Stack

10523 Main Vent


10525 Dual Vent

10526 Wet Vent

10527 Loop Vent

10528 Circuit Vent

10529 Relief Vent

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 4


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




111 Wood

1111 Box Type

1121 Frame Type

112 Masonry

113 Metal





124 Working Drawing


131 Rough-In

132 Finish Plumbing




1333 Jigsaw

1334 Hammer Drill

1335 Tin Snips

1336 Brace and Bit

1337 Keyhole Saw



141 Center Cut

142 Over Cut

143 Under Cut

144 Notch







212 Methods

220 Hand Threading

221 Cutting Pipe

222 Reaming

223 Threading

224 Dies

225 Procedures


231 Clean Threads




235 Pipe Nipples












321 PVC Schedule 40

322 PVC Schedule 80




331 Advantages

332 Disadvantages



341 Solvent Welding

342 Fusion Welding

343 Fillet Welding

344 Threaded




4111 Type K

4112 Type L

4113 Type M

4114 Type DWV



4131 Hand Method

4132 Bending Block

4133 Spring Bender



421 Ferrule Joints

422 Flaring

423 Swedging

4231 Procedures



4242 Torch

4243 Solder

4244 Procedures

42441 Silver Solder


440 System Layout

450 Safety



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 5


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Dumpy Level


130 Hand Level



160 Care of Levels

200 LEVELING RODS

210 Direct Readings

220 Target Readings

230 Rod Levels



300 BENCH MARK (BM)




430 Faulty Handling


500 SEWER STAKEOUT




610 Valves

611 Gate Valve

612 Globe Valve

613 Butterfly Valve

614 Altitude Valve

615 Ball Valve

616 Check Valve





6111 Valve Boxes

6112 Gear Boxes


620 Valve Repair



623 Lapping Valves

624 Refacing Valves


700 WATER METERS

710 Meter Dials


800 INSULATION

810 Piping






930 Main Location

940 Valve Location



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 6

Plumbing Fixtures

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




120 Water Closets

121 Installation


130 Urinals

140 Bidets

150 Sinks

151 Kitchen Sink

152 Service Sink

153 Lavatories

154 Faucets



180 Floor Drains

190 Water Heaters


210 Water Breaks

220 Water Mains



232 Steam Thawing


300 PIPE LEAKS

310 Locating Leaks



400 WATER CLOSETS

410 Flush Tank


500 FLUSHOMETERS



530 Repairs

600 FAUCETS


620 Shower Heads


710 Flushing


730 Cleaning










9114 Thermostat


9116 Tank






9124 Thermostat

9125 Drain Valve









1011 Wall Hung

1012 Counter Top

1013 Pedestal

1014 Trough



1022 Lip Height

1023 Drain

1024 Tailpiece


1031 P-Trap





1051 Supply Lines




1062 Drain




11111 Siphon Jet



11114 Reverse Trap





11311 Flushometers


113121 Wall-Hung





1211 Wall-Hung

1212 Pedestal

1213 Trough

1214 Stall

1220 Traps

1230 Flushometers

1231 Piston

1232 Diaphragm


1241 Wall Hung

1242 Pedestal

1243 Trough

1244 Stall



1247 Tailpiece

1248 Vacuum Breaker

1249 Spud


1251 Piston

1252 Diaphragm





1321 Shower Head

1330 Installation

Procedures

1331 Tub and Shower


1333 Tiled Shower


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 7


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 PRIME MOVERS

110 Electric Motors


1111 Lubrication


1113 Safety

1114 Cleanliness




1221 Safety

1222 Cleanliness

200 PUMPS

210 Pump Operation

220 Suction Force


240 Types of Pumps

241 Rotary Pumps












244 Air-Lift Pumps

245 Jet Pumps


251 Piping

2511 Suction Piping




252 Stuffing Box

253 Packing




2541 Single Seal

2542 Double Seal






300 AIR COMPRESSORS

Pressure and Uses





350 Cooling System


370 Engine



391 Piping






Test your Knowledge

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 8


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites





1111 House Sewer

1112 Lateral Sewer

1113 Branch Sewer

1114 Main Sewer

1115 Trunk Sewer


1117 Forced Main


1119 Outfall Sewer

11110 Manhole


11112 Catch Basin



114 Gravity Systems



121 Soil Pipe

122 Waste Pipe



125 Branch

126 Building Drain


210 Stoppages

211 Tree Roots

212 Sand or Gravel

213 GreaseTar


300 HEALTH HAZARDS

310 Atmospheric

320 Bacterial








415 Bacteria






416 Baffle



419 Diffuser

4110 Digester

4111 Disinfection



4114 Distributor

4115 Effluent

4116 Headworks

4117 Imhoff Tank

4118 Influent


4120 Nutrients

4121 Organic Waste

4122 Percolation

4123 Pollution



4126 Scum


4128 Seed Sludge

4129 Septic Tank

4130 Sewage

4131 Shock Load

4132 Sludge


4134 Supernatant


4136 Weir

4137 Wet Well


421 Domestic Waste

4211 Organic Waste



4221 Organic Waste





431 Human Health



441 Total Solids








510 Cesspool Uses

520 Operation

530 Additions






630 CapacitySizing

640 Dosing Tanks




671 Health Problems


673 Gas Hazards






750 Mound Latrines


770 Pail Latrine




792 Pipe Urinals

793 Urinal Troughs








930 Testing

940 Trench Width

950 Pipe Size

960 Laying the Pipe

961 Type of Pipe

9611 Fiber Pipe


962 Slope

970 Tile Beds





1010 Water Cycle

1011 Surface Water

1012 Groundwater





10231 Typhoid Fever


10233 Cholera



10236 Diarrhea


10241 Flocculation

10242 Sedimentation

10243 Filtration

10244 Disinfection






102410 Safety







1036 Locating Leaks

1037 Hypochlorites

1038 Ammonia

1039 Sulfur Dioxide




10421 Wells











105111 Equipment


105121 Equipment

105122 Reagents



1052 pH Test

10521 Indicators

10522 Procedures

1053 Salinity Tests


105311 Reagents



105314 Calculations

10532 Hardness Test

105321 Reagents

105322 Procedures

105323 Calculations

10533 Chloride Test

105331 Reagents

105332 Procedures

105333 Calculations

10534 Sulfate Test

1054 Color Test


10551 Equipment

10552 Procedures


1057 Turbidity Test

1058 Records

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 9

Boilers

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



210 Air Cock


230 Blowdown Valves

240 Fusible Plugs

250 Water Column


252 Try Cocks

253 Gauge Glass

260 Safety Valve






311 Straight Tube

312 Bent Tube





324 Firebox Boiler



510 Float Control







630 Draft Gauges




720 Scale

730 Corrosion





753 Test for Tannin




757 Test for pH








814 Sweating








82213 Sulfamic Acid


8222 Inhibitors




823 Boiling Out









917 Fan Maintenance



920 Boiler Tubes


922 Renewing Tubes

923 Removing Tubes

924 Cleaning Tubes




928 Fitting Tubes

929 Expanding Tubes

9210 Belling Tubes










9442 Blowdown


9445 Soot Removal






950 Safety


952 Safe Practices


954 Lockout Devices


9542 Locks


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 10


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



111 Conduit Type

112 Utilidor Type




123 Maintenance



211 Installation

212 Operation

213 Maintenance


221 Installation

222 Operation

223 Maintenance


231 Installation

232 Operation

233 Maintenance


241 Installation

242 Operation

243 Maintenance


310 Radiators


330 Steam Traps

331 Types of Traps

3311 Float Trap


3313 Bucket Trap



3316 Impulse Trap












340 Water Tanks

350 Water Heaters

351 Storage Type





Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 11

Heating Systems

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


110 Theory of Heat

120 Measurement

130 Heat Transfer

131 Conduction

132 Convection

133 Radiation


210 Types of Gases

211 Natural Gas



214 Fuel Oils


310 Unit Heaters

311 Space Heaters




31131 Installation



410 Gravity System











4435 Pilot Light

4436 Thermocouple


4438 Limit Control

4439 Heat Exchanger


44311 Humidifiers




4512 Fuel Unit





45132 Limit Control





45137 Bellows

45138 Bourdon Tube


451310 Thermostat



471 Fuel Oil Firing





481 Troubleshooting


483 Test Equipment

490 Fuel Pump







542 Pressure Gauge


544 Airflow Switch


610 Gravity Systems









631 Pipelines

632 Radiators

6321 Convectors


633 Unit Heaters


635 Reducing Valves









723 Operation


Summary

Review Questions




Chapter 12

Refrigeration

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Nature of Heat

120 Unit of Heat



150 Specific Heat

160 Sensible Heat

170 Latent Heat

180 Total Heat


1100 Pressure




1110 Vaporization

1120 Condensation


210 Components

211 Compressors



212 Condensers




213 Liquid Receiver

214 Evaporators

215 Control Devices






2156 Capillary Tube


2161 Relief Valve





2166 Liquid Line



2169 Suction Line





300 REFRIGERANTS




























731 Evacuation

732 Charging






751 Recovery

752 Recycling

753 Reclaiming



















914 Defrosting


921 Opens

922 Shorts

923 Grounds



1000 LOGS

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 13

Air Conditioning

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Temperature

120 Humidity



130 Purity of Air




220 Heat Pumps

221 Heating Cycle

222 Cooling Cycle

223 Defrost Cycle




232 Controls

233 Condensers






250 Maintenance

251 Coil Cleaning

252 Fan Motors


254 Filters






271 Shutdown

271 Startup

280 Safety Warnings


310 Cooling Towers

311 Natural Draft

312 Inducted Draft

313 Forced Draft



320 Compressors


3211 Open

3212 Semi-sealed

3213 Hermetic

322 Rotary



330 Controls

331 Thermostats

332 Humidistats




336 Step Controller

340 Troubleshooting










461 Flushing Agents




490 Certification



500 DUCTWORK



530 Construction

540 Components


542 Dampers

543 Fire Dampers

544 Fans


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 14


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




120 Industrial Sink






310 Steam Kettles

320 Steam Chests

330 Steam Tables

340 Dishwashers

350 Ranges

360 Field Range

370 Bakery Ovens



410 Types of Units





500 FIRE HYDRANTS























821 Softener Unit



831 Mixers




841 Gravity Filters









861 Chlorination

862 Handling Lime


864 Housekeeping

Summary

Review Questions



APPENDIX I

APPENDIX II

APPENDIX III

UT Back Cover


btnUTILIDOR

dQuestionUTB10KC1a1

dQuestionUTB10KC1a2

dQuestionUTB10KC1a3

dQuestionUTB10KC1a4


btnVOLATILE

btnPYROMETER


dQuestionUTB10PC1a1

dQuestionUTB10PC1a2

dQuestionUTB10PC1a3

dQuestionUTB10PC1a4

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dQuestionUTB10PC2a3

dQuestionUTB10PC2a4

dQuestionUTB10PC3a1

dQuestionUTB10PC3a2

dQuestionUTB10PC4a1

dQuestionUTB10PC4a2

dQuestionUTB10PC4a3

dQuestionUTB10PC4a4

dQuestionUTB10PC5a1

dQuestionUTB10PC5a2

dQuestionUTB10PC5a3

dQuestionUTB10PC5a4

dQuestionUTB10PC6a1

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dQuestionUTB10PC6a3

dQuestionUTB10PC6a4

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dQuestionUTB10PC8a1

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dQuestionUTB10PC8a3

dQuestionUTB10PC8a4

dQuestionUTB10PC9a1

dQuestionUTB10PC9a2

dQuestionUTB10PC9a3

dQuestionUTB10PC9a4





































































































































txtRate

txtCourse

txtDate

txtChapter

txtNumber

txtDescription

txtCorrection

txtName




factor


















pump



pipe vapor system









A 1 to 5 B 2 to 11 C 3 to 10 D 9 to 13


A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4



A True B False




the Seabees

A 3 B 5 C 7 D 9









A 5 B 15 C 25 D 35





device









supply of water









how many degrees

A 120 B 140 C 160 D 180


heaters



device







A 3 B 5 C 7 D 9



A 10 to 20 B 20 to 30 C 30 to 40 D 40 to 50



A True B False












Rate____ Course Name_____________________________________________




A9RFE65tmppdf

Instruction Page

UTB Cover

UTB Copyright



Chapter 1


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 BLUEPRINTS




1211 Title Block

1212 Drawing Number

1213 Revision Block


1215 Zone Number



131 Piping Systems

132 Fixtures

133 Fittings


13311 Elbows

13312 Tees

13313 Unions

13314 Gate Valve

13315 Globe Valve


13321 Bend

13322 Sanitary Tee


134 Joints

1341 Screwed Joints




140 Types of Scales

200 PLANS

210 Site Plan


221 Plot Plans

222 Foundation Plan

223 Floor Plan

224 Elevation Plan









243 Plumbing Layout

300 SPECIFICATIONS

















Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 2


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




120 Decimal Rules






130 Rounding Rules

140 Fraction Rules

















160 Area Formulas



1711 45deg Offsets



1714 60deg Offsets






173 Rolled Offsets


210 Safety


221 Current

2211 Effects

22111 Heat




2212 Uses



222 Voltage

2221 Measurement

2222 Source

22221 Chemical

22222 Thermal

22223 Mechanical

2223 Uses

223 Resistance








2242 Ground Circuit

2243 Capacitors

2244 Batteries






311 Power Source

312 Load


3131 Material

3132 Wire Size

314 Insulation

315 Location

316 Wiring Standard

317 Color Codes


320 Circuit Types

321 Series Circuit



330 Ohmrsquos Law


332 Series Circuit



410 Meters

411 Voltmeter

412 Ammeter

413 Ohmmeter

414 Meter Safety

420 Circuit Faults

421 Open

422 Shorts

423 Grounds



431 Diagnosis


433 Localization

434 Isolation

435 Repair

436 Operation





522 Copper Tubing

523 Plastic




531 End to End


533 End to Center

534 End to Back

535 Center to Back

536 Back to Back

537 Face to Face





562 Buried Pipe


600 EXCAVATION



612 Procedures













640 Testing

641 Water Test

642 Air Test

643 Odor Test

650 Backfilling












Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 3


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


110 SOURCES

111 Rainwater

112 Surface Water


1131 Wells








132 Loop System











1442 System Life



14511 Asphalt

14512 Coal Tar





150 Malfunctions


152 Pipe Noise


161 Sizing Factors


163 Materials Used


171 Valves

172 Fittings

173 Specialties

200 WATER SERVICE

210 Trenching

211 Soil Conditions

212 Safety Issues



230 Backfilling




2412 Fittings

2413 Joining

242 Copper Pipe

2421 Bending

2422 Measuring

24221 End to End


24223 End to Center

24224 End to Back


24226 Back to Back

24227 Face to Face





321 Foundations










324 Pneumatic Tanks

325 Appurtenances

326 Grounds


410 Source

420 Pumps13

430 Treatment Plant

440 Piping

450 Control Valves

460 Fire Hydrants

470 Water Usage


510 Tapping Machine









621 Swing Joint

622 Expansion Loop

630 Curb Stop


650 Curb Boxes










810 Lavatories



813 Mounting Board

820 Urinals


822 Cold Water



826 Backing Board

830 Water Closets





840 BathtubsShowers



843 Mixing Valves

844 Header Board




9111 Measuring

9112 Cutting

9113 Fittings

9114 Joining



9122 Cutting

9123 Fittings

9124 Joining

913 Plastic Pipe


9132 Cutting

9133 Fittings

9134 Joining


9136 Testing



922 Testing

9221 Water Test

9222 Air Test

9223 Odor Test

923 Manholes




1011 Soil Pipe

1012 Waste Pipe

1013 Stack

1014 Branch

1015 Building Drain

1016 Building Sewer

1020 Types of Pipes



1023 Brass Pipe


1025 Copper Pipe

1026 Plastic Pipe


1031 Bend

1032 Closet Bend

1033 Wye

1034 Sanitary Tee

1035 Test Tee


1037 Double Tee


1039 Cleanout

1040 Traps

1041 Common P-Trap

1042 Deep P-Trap

1043 Integral Trap

1044 Trap Seal Loss




10444 Evaporation


1051 Stacks

10511 Soil Stack

10512 Waste Stack

1052 Vents

10521 Stack Vent

10522 Vent Stack

10523 Main Vent


10525 Dual Vent

10526 Wet Vent

10527 Loop Vent

10528 Circuit Vent

10529 Relief Vent

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 4


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




111 Wood

1111 Box Type

1121 Frame Type

112 Masonry

113 Metal





124 Working Drawing


131 Rough-In

132 Finish Plumbing




1333 Jigsaw

1334 Hammer Drill

1335 Tin Snips

1336 Brace and Bit

1337 Keyhole Saw



141 Center Cut

142 Over Cut

143 Under Cut

144 Notch







212 Methods

220 Hand Threading

221 Cutting Pipe

222 Reaming

223 Threading

224 Dies

225 Procedures


231 Clean Threads




235 Pipe Nipples












321 PVC Schedule 40

322 PVC Schedule 80




331 Advantages

332 Disadvantages



341 Solvent Welding

342 Fusion Welding

343 Fillet Welding

344 Threaded




4111 Type K

4112 Type L

4113 Type M

4114 Type DWV



4131 Hand Method

4132 Bending Block

4133 Spring Bender



421 Ferrule Joints

422 Flaring

423 Swedging

4231 Procedures



4242 Torch

4243 Solder

4244 Procedures

42441 Silver Solder


440 System Layout

450 Safety



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 5


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Dumpy Level


130 Hand Level



160 Care of Levels

200 LEVELING RODS

210 Direct Readings

220 Target Readings

230 Rod Levels



300 BENCH MARK (BM)




430 Faulty Handling


500 SEWER STAKEOUT




610 Valves

611 Gate Valve

612 Globe Valve

613 Butterfly Valve

614 Altitude Valve

615 Ball Valve

616 Check Valve





6111 Valve Boxes

6112 Gear Boxes


620 Valve Repair



623 Lapping Valves

624 Refacing Valves


700 WATER METERS

710 Meter Dials


800 INSULATION

810 Piping






930 Main Location

940 Valve Location



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 6

Plumbing Fixtures

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




120 Water Closets

121 Installation


130 Urinals

140 Bidets

150 Sinks

151 Kitchen Sink

152 Service Sink

153 Lavatories

154 Faucets



180 Floor Drains

190 Water Heaters


210 Water Breaks

220 Water Mains



232 Steam Thawing


300 PIPE LEAKS

310 Locating Leaks



400 WATER CLOSETS

410 Flush Tank


500 FLUSHOMETERS



530 Repairs

600 FAUCETS


620 Shower Heads


710 Flushing


730 Cleaning










9114 Thermostat


9116 Tank






9124 Thermostat

9125 Drain Valve









1011 Wall Hung

1012 Counter Top

1013 Pedestal

1014 Trough



1022 Lip Height

1023 Drain

1024 Tailpiece


1031 P-Trap





1051 Supply Lines




1062 Drain




11111 Siphon Jet



11114 Reverse Trap





11311 Flushometers


113121 Wall-Hung





1211 Wall-Hung

1212 Pedestal

1213 Trough

1214 Stall

1220 Traps

1230 Flushometers

1231 Piston

1232 Diaphragm


1241 Wall Hung

1242 Pedestal

1243 Trough

1244 Stall



1247 Tailpiece

1248 Vacuum Breaker

1249 Spud


1251 Piston

1252 Diaphragm





1321 Shower Head

1330 Installation

Procedures

1331 Tub and Shower


1333 Tiled Shower


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 7


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 PRIME MOVERS

110 Electric Motors


1111 Lubrication


1113 Safety

1114 Cleanliness




1221 Safety

1222 Cleanliness

200 PUMPS

210 Pump Operation

220 Suction Force


240 Types of Pumps

241 Rotary Pumps












244 Air-Lift Pumps

245 Jet Pumps


251 Piping

2511 Suction Piping




252 Stuffing Box

253 Packing




2541 Single Seal

2542 Double Seal






300 AIR COMPRESSORS

Pressure and Uses





350 Cooling System


370 Engine



391 Piping






Test your Knowledge

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 8


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites





1111 House Sewer

1112 Lateral Sewer

1113 Branch Sewer

1114 Main Sewer

1115 Trunk Sewer


1117 Forced Main


1119 Outfall Sewer

11110 Manhole


11112 Catch Basin



114 Gravity Systems



121 Soil Pipe

122 Waste Pipe



125 Branch

126 Building Drain


210 Stoppages

211 Tree Roots

212 Sand or Gravel

213 GreaseTar


300 HEALTH HAZARDS

310 Atmospheric

320 Bacterial








415 Bacteria






416 Baffle



419 Diffuser

4110 Digester

4111 Disinfection



4114 Distributor

4115 Effluent

4116 Headworks

4117 Imhoff Tank

4118 Influent


4120 Nutrients

4121 Organic Waste

4122 Percolation

4123 Pollution



4126 Scum


4128 Seed Sludge

4129 Septic Tank

4130 Sewage

4131 Shock Load

4132 Sludge


4134 Supernatant


4136 Weir

4137 Wet Well


421 Domestic Waste

4211 Organic Waste



4221 Organic Waste





431 Human Health



441 Total Solids








510 Cesspool Uses

520 Operation

530 Additions






630 CapacitySizing

640 Dosing Tanks




671 Health Problems


673 Gas Hazards






750 Mound Latrines


770 Pail Latrine




792 Pipe Urinals

793 Urinal Troughs








930 Testing

940 Trench Width

950 Pipe Size

960 Laying the Pipe

961 Type of Pipe

9611 Fiber Pipe


962 Slope

970 Tile Beds





1010 Water Cycle

1011 Surface Water

1012 Groundwater





10231 Typhoid Fever


10233 Cholera



10236 Diarrhea


10241 Flocculation

10242 Sedimentation

10243 Filtration

10244 Disinfection






102410 Safety







1036 Locating Leaks

1037 Hypochlorites

1038 Ammonia

1039 Sulfur Dioxide




10421 Wells











105111 Equipment


105121 Equipment

105122 Reagents



1052 pH Test

10521 Indicators

10522 Procedures

1053 Salinity Tests


105311 Reagents



105314 Calculations

10532 Hardness Test

105321 Reagents

105322 Procedures

105323 Calculations

10533 Chloride Test

105331 Reagents

105332 Procedures

105333 Calculations

10534 Sulfate Test

1054 Color Test


10551 Equipment

10552 Procedures


1057 Turbidity Test

1058 Records

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 9

Boilers

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



210 Air Cock


230 Blowdown Valves

240 Fusible Plugs

250 Water Column


252 Try Cocks

253 Gauge Glass

260 Safety Valve






311 Straight Tube

312 Bent Tube





324 Firebox Boiler



510 Float Control







630 Draft Gauges




720 Scale

730 Corrosion





753 Test for Tannin




757 Test for pH








814 Sweating








82213 Sulfamic Acid


8222 Inhibitors




823 Boiling Out









917 Fan Maintenance



920 Boiler Tubes


922 Renewing Tubes

923 Removing Tubes

924 Cleaning Tubes




928 Fitting Tubes

929 Expanding Tubes

9210 Belling Tubes










9442 Blowdown


9445 Soot Removal






950 Safety


952 Safe Practices


954 Lockout Devices


9542 Locks


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 10


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



111 Conduit Type

112 Utilidor Type




123 Maintenance



211 Installation

212 Operation

213 Maintenance


221 Installation

222 Operation

223 Maintenance


231 Installation

232 Operation

233 Maintenance


241 Installation

242 Operation

243 Maintenance


310 Radiators


330 Steam Traps

331 Types of Traps

3311 Float Trap


3313 Bucket Trap



3316 Impulse Trap












340 Water Tanks

350 Water Heaters

351 Storage Type





Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 11

Heating Systems

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


110 Theory of Heat

120 Measurement

130 Heat Transfer

131 Conduction

132 Convection

133 Radiation


210 Types of Gases

211 Natural Gas



214 Fuel Oils


310 Unit Heaters

311 Space Heaters




31131 Installation



410 Gravity System











4435 Pilot Light

4436 Thermocouple


4438 Limit Control

4439 Heat Exchanger


44311 Humidifiers




4512 Fuel Unit





45132 Limit Control





45137 Bellows

45138 Bourdon Tube


451310 Thermostat



471 Fuel Oil Firing





481 Troubleshooting


483 Test Equipment

490 Fuel Pump







542 Pressure Gauge


544 Airflow Switch


610 Gravity Systems









631 Pipelines

632 Radiators

6321 Convectors


633 Unit Heaters


635 Reducing Valves









723 Operation


Summary

Review Questions




Chapter 12

Refrigeration

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Nature of Heat

120 Unit of Heat



150 Specific Heat

160 Sensible Heat

170 Latent Heat

180 Total Heat


1100 Pressure




1110 Vaporization

1120 Condensation


210 Components

211 Compressors



212 Condensers




213 Liquid Receiver

214 Evaporators

215 Control Devices






2156 Capillary Tube


2161 Relief Valve





2166 Liquid Line



2169 Suction Line





300 REFRIGERANTS




























731 Evacuation

732 Charging






751 Recovery

752 Recycling

753 Reclaiming



















914 Defrosting


921 Opens

922 Shorts

923 Grounds



1000 LOGS

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 13

Air Conditioning

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Temperature

120 Humidity



130 Purity of Air




220 Heat Pumps

221 Heating Cycle

222 Cooling Cycle

223 Defrost Cycle




232 Controls

233 Condensers






250 Maintenance

251 Coil Cleaning

252 Fan Motors


254 Filters






271 Shutdown

271 Startup

280 Safety Warnings


310 Cooling Towers

311 Natural Draft

312 Inducted Draft

313 Forced Draft



320 Compressors


3211 Open

3212 Semi-sealed

3213 Hermetic

322 Rotary



330 Controls

331 Thermostats

332 Humidistats




336 Step Controller

340 Troubleshooting










461 Flushing Agents




490 Certification



500 DUCTWORK



530 Construction

540 Components


542 Dampers

543 Fire Dampers

544 Fans


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 14


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




120 Industrial Sink






310 Steam Kettles

320 Steam Chests

330 Steam Tables

340 Dishwashers

350 Ranges

360 Field Range

370 Bakery Ovens



410 Types of Units





500 FIRE HYDRANTS























821 Softener Unit



831 Mixers




841 Gravity Filters









861 Chlorination

862 Handling Lime


864 Housekeeping

Summary

Review Questions



APPENDIX I

APPENDIX II

APPENDIX III

UT Back Cover


btnUTILIDOR

dQuestionUTB10KC1a1

dQuestionUTB10KC1a2

dQuestionUTB10KC1a3

dQuestionUTB10KC1a4


btnVOLATILE

btnPYROMETER


dQuestionUTB10PC1a1

dQuestionUTB10PC1a2

dQuestionUTB10PC1a3

dQuestionUTB10PC1a4

dQuestionUTB10PC2a1

dQuestionUTB10PC2a2

dQuestionUTB10PC2a3

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dQuestionUTB10PC3a1

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dQuestionUTB10PC4a1

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dQuestionUTB10PC4a3

dQuestionUTB10PC4a4

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dQuestionUTB10PC5a3

dQuestionUTB10PC5a4

dQuestionUTB10PC6a1

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dQuestionUTB10PC6a3

dQuestionUTB10PC6a4

dQuestionUTB10PC7a1

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dQuestionUTB10PC7a3

dQuestionUTB10PC7a4

dQuestionUTB10PC8a1

dQuestionUTB10PC8a2

dQuestionUTB10PC8a3

dQuestionUTB10PC8a4

dQuestionUTB10PC9a1

dQuestionUTB10PC9a2

dQuestionUTB10PC9a3

dQuestionUTB10PC9a4





































































































































txtRate

txtCourse

txtDate

txtChapter

txtNumber

txtDescription

txtCorrection

txtName




pump



pipe vapor system









A 1 to 5 B 2 to 11 C 3 to 10 D 9 to 13


A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4



A True B False




the Seabees

A 3 B 5 C 7 D 9









A 5 B 15 C 25 D 35





device









supply of water









how many degrees

A 120 B 140 C 160 D 180


heaters



device







A 3 B 5 C 7 D 9



A 10 to 20 B 20 to 30 C 30 to 40 D 40 to 50



A True B False












Rate____ Course Name_____________________________________________




A9RFE65tmppdf

Instruction Page

UTB Cover

UTB Copyright



Chapter 1


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 BLUEPRINTS




1211 Title Block

1212 Drawing Number

1213 Revision Block


1215 Zone Number



131 Piping Systems

132 Fixtures

133 Fittings


13311 Elbows

13312 Tees

13313 Unions

13314 Gate Valve

13315 Globe Valve


13321 Bend

13322 Sanitary Tee


134 Joints

1341 Screwed Joints




140 Types of Scales

200 PLANS

210 Site Plan


221 Plot Plans

222 Foundation Plan

223 Floor Plan

224 Elevation Plan









243 Plumbing Layout

300 SPECIFICATIONS

















Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 2


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




120 Decimal Rules






130 Rounding Rules

140 Fraction Rules

















160 Area Formulas



1711 45deg Offsets



1714 60deg Offsets






173 Rolled Offsets


210 Safety


221 Current

2211 Effects

22111 Heat




2212 Uses



222 Voltage

2221 Measurement

2222 Source

22221 Chemical

22222 Thermal

22223 Mechanical

2223 Uses

223 Resistance








2242 Ground Circuit

2243 Capacitors

2244 Batteries






311 Power Source

312 Load


3131 Material

3132 Wire Size

314 Insulation

315 Location

316 Wiring Standard

317 Color Codes


320 Circuit Types

321 Series Circuit



330 Ohmrsquos Law


332 Series Circuit



410 Meters

411 Voltmeter

412 Ammeter

413 Ohmmeter

414 Meter Safety

420 Circuit Faults

421 Open

422 Shorts

423 Grounds



431 Diagnosis


433 Localization

434 Isolation

435 Repair

436 Operation





522 Copper Tubing

523 Plastic




531 End to End


533 End to Center

534 End to Back

535 Center to Back

536 Back to Back

537 Face to Face





562 Buried Pipe


600 EXCAVATION



612 Procedures













640 Testing

641 Water Test

642 Air Test

643 Odor Test

650 Backfilling












Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 3


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


110 SOURCES

111 Rainwater

112 Surface Water


1131 Wells








132 Loop System











1442 System Life



14511 Asphalt

14512 Coal Tar





150 Malfunctions


152 Pipe Noise


161 Sizing Factors


163 Materials Used


171 Valves

172 Fittings

173 Specialties

200 WATER SERVICE

210 Trenching

211 Soil Conditions

212 Safety Issues



230 Backfilling




2412 Fittings

2413 Joining

242 Copper Pipe

2421 Bending

2422 Measuring

24221 End to End


24223 End to Center

24224 End to Back


24226 Back to Back

24227 Face to Face





321 Foundations










324 Pneumatic Tanks

325 Appurtenances

326 Grounds


410 Source

420 Pumps13

430 Treatment Plant

440 Piping

450 Control Valves

460 Fire Hydrants

470 Water Usage


510 Tapping Machine









621 Swing Joint

622 Expansion Loop

630 Curb Stop


650 Curb Boxes










810 Lavatories



813 Mounting Board

820 Urinals


822 Cold Water



826 Backing Board

830 Water Closets





840 BathtubsShowers



843 Mixing Valves

844 Header Board




9111 Measuring

9112 Cutting

9113 Fittings

9114 Joining



9122 Cutting

9123 Fittings

9124 Joining

913 Plastic Pipe


9132 Cutting

9133 Fittings

9134 Joining


9136 Testing



922 Testing

9221 Water Test

9222 Air Test

9223 Odor Test

923 Manholes




1011 Soil Pipe

1012 Waste Pipe

1013 Stack

1014 Branch

1015 Building Drain

1016 Building Sewer

1020 Types of Pipes



1023 Brass Pipe


1025 Copper Pipe

1026 Plastic Pipe


1031 Bend

1032 Closet Bend

1033 Wye

1034 Sanitary Tee

1035 Test Tee


1037 Double Tee


1039 Cleanout

1040 Traps

1041 Common P-Trap

1042 Deep P-Trap

1043 Integral Trap

1044 Trap Seal Loss




10444 Evaporation


1051 Stacks

10511 Soil Stack

10512 Waste Stack

1052 Vents

10521 Stack Vent

10522 Vent Stack

10523 Main Vent


10525 Dual Vent

10526 Wet Vent

10527 Loop Vent

10528 Circuit Vent

10529 Relief Vent

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 4


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




111 Wood

1111 Box Type

1121 Frame Type

112 Masonry

113 Metal





124 Working Drawing


131 Rough-In

132 Finish Plumbing




1333 Jigsaw

1334 Hammer Drill

1335 Tin Snips

1336 Brace and Bit

1337 Keyhole Saw



141 Center Cut

142 Over Cut

143 Under Cut

144 Notch







212 Methods

220 Hand Threading

221 Cutting Pipe

222 Reaming

223 Threading

224 Dies

225 Procedures


231 Clean Threads




235 Pipe Nipples












321 PVC Schedule 40

322 PVC Schedule 80




331 Advantages

332 Disadvantages



341 Solvent Welding

342 Fusion Welding

343 Fillet Welding

344 Threaded




4111 Type K

4112 Type L

4113 Type M

4114 Type DWV



4131 Hand Method

4132 Bending Block

4133 Spring Bender



421 Ferrule Joints

422 Flaring

423 Swedging

4231 Procedures



4242 Torch

4243 Solder

4244 Procedures

42441 Silver Solder


440 System Layout

450 Safety



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 5


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Dumpy Level


130 Hand Level



160 Care of Levels

200 LEVELING RODS

210 Direct Readings

220 Target Readings

230 Rod Levels



300 BENCH MARK (BM)




430 Faulty Handling


500 SEWER STAKEOUT




610 Valves

611 Gate Valve

612 Globe Valve

613 Butterfly Valve

614 Altitude Valve

615 Ball Valve

616 Check Valve





6111 Valve Boxes

6112 Gear Boxes


620 Valve Repair



623 Lapping Valves

624 Refacing Valves


700 WATER METERS

710 Meter Dials


800 INSULATION

810 Piping






930 Main Location

940 Valve Location



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 6

Plumbing Fixtures

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




120 Water Closets

121 Installation


130 Urinals

140 Bidets

150 Sinks

151 Kitchen Sink

152 Service Sink

153 Lavatories

154 Faucets



180 Floor Drains

190 Water Heaters


210 Water Breaks

220 Water Mains



232 Steam Thawing


300 PIPE LEAKS

310 Locating Leaks



400 WATER CLOSETS

410 Flush Tank


500 FLUSHOMETERS



530 Repairs

600 FAUCETS


620 Shower Heads


710 Flushing


730 Cleaning










9114 Thermostat


9116 Tank






9124 Thermostat

9125 Drain Valve









1011 Wall Hung

1012 Counter Top

1013 Pedestal

1014 Trough



1022 Lip Height

1023 Drain

1024 Tailpiece


1031 P-Trap





1051 Supply Lines




1062 Drain




11111 Siphon Jet



11114 Reverse Trap





11311 Flushometers


113121 Wall-Hung





1211 Wall-Hung

1212 Pedestal

1213 Trough

1214 Stall

1220 Traps

1230 Flushometers

1231 Piston

1232 Diaphragm


1241 Wall Hung

1242 Pedestal

1243 Trough

1244 Stall



1247 Tailpiece

1248 Vacuum Breaker

1249 Spud


1251 Piston

1252 Diaphragm





1321 Shower Head

1330 Installation

Procedures

1331 Tub and Shower


1333 Tiled Shower


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 7


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 PRIME MOVERS

110 Electric Motors


1111 Lubrication


1113 Safety

1114 Cleanliness




1221 Safety

1222 Cleanliness

200 PUMPS

210 Pump Operation

220 Suction Force


240 Types of Pumps

241 Rotary Pumps












244 Air-Lift Pumps

245 Jet Pumps


251 Piping

2511 Suction Piping




252 Stuffing Box

253 Packing




2541 Single Seal

2542 Double Seal






300 AIR COMPRESSORS

Pressure and Uses





350 Cooling System


370 Engine



391 Piping






Test your Knowledge

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 8


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites





1111 House Sewer

1112 Lateral Sewer

1113 Branch Sewer

1114 Main Sewer

1115 Trunk Sewer


1117 Forced Main


1119 Outfall Sewer

11110 Manhole


11112 Catch Basin



114 Gravity Systems



121 Soil Pipe

122 Waste Pipe



125 Branch

126 Building Drain


210 Stoppages

211 Tree Roots

212 Sand or Gravel

213 GreaseTar


300 HEALTH HAZARDS

310 Atmospheric

320 Bacterial








415 Bacteria






416 Baffle



419 Diffuser

4110 Digester

4111 Disinfection



4114 Distributor

4115 Effluent

4116 Headworks

4117 Imhoff Tank

4118 Influent


4120 Nutrients

4121 Organic Waste

4122 Percolation

4123 Pollution



4126 Scum


4128 Seed Sludge

4129 Septic Tank

4130 Sewage

4131 Shock Load

4132 Sludge


4134 Supernatant


4136 Weir

4137 Wet Well


421 Domestic Waste

4211 Organic Waste



4221 Organic Waste





431 Human Health



441 Total Solids








510 Cesspool Uses

520 Operation

530 Additions






630 CapacitySizing

640 Dosing Tanks




671 Health Problems


673 Gas Hazards






750 Mound Latrines


770 Pail Latrine




792 Pipe Urinals

793 Urinal Troughs








930 Testing

940 Trench Width

950 Pipe Size

960 Laying the Pipe

961 Type of Pipe

9611 Fiber Pipe


962 Slope

970 Tile Beds





1010 Water Cycle

1011 Surface Water

1012 Groundwater





10231 Typhoid Fever


10233 Cholera



10236 Diarrhea


10241 Flocculation

10242 Sedimentation

10243 Filtration

10244 Disinfection






102410 Safety







1036 Locating Leaks

1037 Hypochlorites

1038 Ammonia

1039 Sulfur Dioxide




10421 Wells











105111 Equipment


105121 Equipment

105122 Reagents



1052 pH Test

10521 Indicators

10522 Procedures

1053 Salinity Tests


105311 Reagents



105314 Calculations

10532 Hardness Test

105321 Reagents

105322 Procedures

105323 Calculations

10533 Chloride Test

105331 Reagents

105332 Procedures

105333 Calculations

10534 Sulfate Test

1054 Color Test


10551 Equipment

10552 Procedures


1057 Turbidity Test

1058 Records

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 9

Boilers

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



210 Air Cock


230 Blowdown Valves

240 Fusible Plugs

250 Water Column


252 Try Cocks

253 Gauge Glass

260 Safety Valve






311 Straight Tube

312 Bent Tube





324 Firebox Boiler



510 Float Control







630 Draft Gauges




720 Scale

730 Corrosion





753 Test for Tannin




757 Test for pH








814 Sweating








82213 Sulfamic Acid


8222 Inhibitors




823 Boiling Out









917 Fan Maintenance



920 Boiler Tubes


922 Renewing Tubes

923 Removing Tubes

924 Cleaning Tubes




928 Fitting Tubes

929 Expanding Tubes

9210 Belling Tubes










9442 Blowdown


9445 Soot Removal






950 Safety


952 Safe Practices


954 Lockout Devices


9542 Locks


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 10


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



111 Conduit Type

112 Utilidor Type




123 Maintenance



211 Installation

212 Operation

213 Maintenance


221 Installation

222 Operation

223 Maintenance


231 Installation

232 Operation

233 Maintenance


241 Installation

242 Operation

243 Maintenance


310 Radiators


330 Steam Traps

331 Types of Traps

3311 Float Trap


3313 Bucket Trap



3316 Impulse Trap












340 Water Tanks

350 Water Heaters

351 Storage Type





Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 11

Heating Systems

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


110 Theory of Heat

120 Measurement

130 Heat Transfer

131 Conduction

132 Convection

133 Radiation


210 Types of Gases

211 Natural Gas



214 Fuel Oils


310 Unit Heaters

311 Space Heaters




31131 Installation



410 Gravity System











4435 Pilot Light

4436 Thermocouple


4438 Limit Control

4439 Heat Exchanger


44311 Humidifiers




4512 Fuel Unit





45132 Limit Control





45137 Bellows

45138 Bourdon Tube


451310 Thermostat



471 Fuel Oil Firing





481 Troubleshooting


483 Test Equipment

490 Fuel Pump







542 Pressure Gauge


544 Airflow Switch


610 Gravity Systems









631 Pipelines

632 Radiators

6321 Convectors


633 Unit Heaters


635 Reducing Valves









723 Operation


Summary

Review Questions




Chapter 12

Refrigeration

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Nature of Heat

120 Unit of Heat



150 Specific Heat

160 Sensible Heat

170 Latent Heat

180 Total Heat


1100 Pressure




1110 Vaporization

1120 Condensation


210 Components

211 Compressors



212 Condensers




213 Liquid Receiver

214 Evaporators

215 Control Devices






2156 Capillary Tube


2161 Relief Valve





2166 Liquid Line



2169 Suction Line





300 REFRIGERANTS




























731 Evacuation

732 Charging






751 Recovery

752 Recycling

753 Reclaiming



















914 Defrosting


921 Opens

922 Shorts

923 Grounds



1000 LOGS

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 13

Air Conditioning

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Temperature

120 Humidity



130 Purity of Air




220 Heat Pumps

221 Heating Cycle

222 Cooling Cycle

223 Defrost Cycle




232 Controls

233 Condensers






250 Maintenance

251 Coil Cleaning

252 Fan Motors


254 Filters






271 Shutdown

271 Startup

280 Safety Warnings


310 Cooling Towers

311 Natural Draft

312 Inducted Draft

313 Forced Draft



320 Compressors


3211 Open

3212 Semi-sealed

3213 Hermetic

322 Rotary



330 Controls

331 Thermostats

332 Humidistats




336 Step Controller

340 Troubleshooting










461 Flushing Agents




490 Certification



500 DUCTWORK



530 Construction

540 Components


542 Dampers

543 Fire Dampers

544 Fans


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 14


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




120 Industrial Sink






310 Steam Kettles

320 Steam Chests

330 Steam Tables

340 Dishwashers

350 Ranges

360 Field Range

370 Bakery Ovens



410 Types of Units





500 FIRE HYDRANTS























821 Softener Unit



831 Mixers




841 Gravity Filters









861 Chlorination

862 Handling Lime


864 Housekeeping

Summary

Review Questions



APPENDIX I

APPENDIX II

APPENDIX III

UT Back Cover


btnUTILIDOR

dQuestionUTB10KC1a1

dQuestionUTB10KC1a2

dQuestionUTB10KC1a3

dQuestionUTB10KC1a4


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dQuestionUTB10PC1a1

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dQuestionUTB10PC8a4

dQuestionUTB10PC9a1

dQuestionUTB10PC9a2

dQuestionUTB10PC9a3

dQuestionUTB10PC9a4





































































































































txtRate

txtCourse

txtDate

txtChapter

txtNumber

txtDescription

txtCorrection

txtName


A True B False




the Seabees

A 3 B 5 C 7 D 9









A 5 B 15 C 25 D 35





device









supply of water









how many degrees

A 120 B 140 C 160 D 180


heaters



device







A 3 B 5 C 7 D 9



A 10 to 20 B 20 to 30 C 30 to 40 D 40 to 50



A True B False












Rate____ Course Name_____________________________________________




A9RFE65tmppdf

Instruction Page

UTB Cover

UTB Copyright



Chapter 1


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 BLUEPRINTS




1211 Title Block

1212 Drawing Number

1213 Revision Block


1215 Zone Number



131 Piping Systems

132 Fixtures

133 Fittings


13311 Elbows

13312 Tees

13313 Unions

13314 Gate Valve

13315 Globe Valve


13321 Bend

13322 Sanitary Tee


134 Joints

1341 Screwed Joints




140 Types of Scales

200 PLANS

210 Site Plan


221 Plot Plans

222 Foundation Plan

223 Floor Plan

224 Elevation Plan









243 Plumbing Layout

300 SPECIFICATIONS

















Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 2


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




120 Decimal Rules






130 Rounding Rules

140 Fraction Rules

















160 Area Formulas



1711 45deg Offsets



1714 60deg Offsets






173 Rolled Offsets


210 Safety


221 Current

2211 Effects

22111 Heat




2212 Uses



222 Voltage

2221 Measurement

2222 Source

22221 Chemical

22222 Thermal

22223 Mechanical

2223 Uses

223 Resistance








2242 Ground Circuit

2243 Capacitors

2244 Batteries






311 Power Source

312 Load


3131 Material

3132 Wire Size

314 Insulation

315 Location

316 Wiring Standard

317 Color Codes


320 Circuit Types

321 Series Circuit



330 Ohmrsquos Law


332 Series Circuit



410 Meters

411 Voltmeter

412 Ammeter

413 Ohmmeter

414 Meter Safety

420 Circuit Faults

421 Open

422 Shorts

423 Grounds



431 Diagnosis


433 Localization

434 Isolation

435 Repair

436 Operation





522 Copper Tubing

523 Plastic




531 End to End


533 End to Center

534 End to Back

535 Center to Back

536 Back to Back

537 Face to Face





562 Buried Pipe


600 EXCAVATION



612 Procedures













640 Testing

641 Water Test

642 Air Test

643 Odor Test

650 Backfilling












Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 3


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


110 SOURCES

111 Rainwater

112 Surface Water


1131 Wells








132 Loop System











1442 System Life



14511 Asphalt

14512 Coal Tar





150 Malfunctions


152 Pipe Noise


161 Sizing Factors


163 Materials Used


171 Valves

172 Fittings

173 Specialties

200 WATER SERVICE

210 Trenching

211 Soil Conditions

212 Safety Issues



230 Backfilling




2412 Fittings

2413 Joining

242 Copper Pipe

2421 Bending

2422 Measuring

24221 End to End


24223 End to Center

24224 End to Back


24226 Back to Back

24227 Face to Face





321 Foundations










324 Pneumatic Tanks

325 Appurtenances

326 Grounds


410 Source

420 Pumps13

430 Treatment Plant

440 Piping

450 Control Valves

460 Fire Hydrants

470 Water Usage


510 Tapping Machine









621 Swing Joint

622 Expansion Loop

630 Curb Stop


650 Curb Boxes










810 Lavatories



813 Mounting Board

820 Urinals


822 Cold Water



826 Backing Board

830 Water Closets





840 BathtubsShowers



843 Mixing Valves

844 Header Board




9111 Measuring

9112 Cutting

9113 Fittings

9114 Joining



9122 Cutting

9123 Fittings

9124 Joining

913 Plastic Pipe


9132 Cutting

9133 Fittings

9134 Joining


9136 Testing



922 Testing

9221 Water Test

9222 Air Test

9223 Odor Test

923 Manholes




1011 Soil Pipe

1012 Waste Pipe

1013 Stack

1014 Branch

1015 Building Drain

1016 Building Sewer

1020 Types of Pipes



1023 Brass Pipe


1025 Copper Pipe

1026 Plastic Pipe


1031 Bend

1032 Closet Bend

1033 Wye

1034 Sanitary Tee

1035 Test Tee


1037 Double Tee


1039 Cleanout

1040 Traps

1041 Common P-Trap

1042 Deep P-Trap

1043 Integral Trap

1044 Trap Seal Loss




10444 Evaporation


1051 Stacks

10511 Soil Stack

10512 Waste Stack

1052 Vents

10521 Stack Vent

10522 Vent Stack

10523 Main Vent


10525 Dual Vent

10526 Wet Vent

10527 Loop Vent

10528 Circuit Vent

10529 Relief Vent

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 4


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




111 Wood

1111 Box Type

1121 Frame Type

112 Masonry

113 Metal





124 Working Drawing


131 Rough-In

132 Finish Plumbing




1333 Jigsaw

1334 Hammer Drill

1335 Tin Snips

1336 Brace and Bit

1337 Keyhole Saw



141 Center Cut

142 Over Cut

143 Under Cut

144 Notch







212 Methods

220 Hand Threading

221 Cutting Pipe

222 Reaming

223 Threading

224 Dies

225 Procedures


231 Clean Threads




235 Pipe Nipples












321 PVC Schedule 40

322 PVC Schedule 80




331 Advantages

332 Disadvantages



341 Solvent Welding

342 Fusion Welding

343 Fillet Welding

344 Threaded




4111 Type K

4112 Type L

4113 Type M

4114 Type DWV



4131 Hand Method

4132 Bending Block

4133 Spring Bender



421 Ferrule Joints

422 Flaring

423 Swedging

4231 Procedures



4242 Torch

4243 Solder

4244 Procedures

42441 Silver Solder


440 System Layout

450 Safety



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 5


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Dumpy Level


130 Hand Level



160 Care of Levels

200 LEVELING RODS

210 Direct Readings

220 Target Readings

230 Rod Levels



300 BENCH MARK (BM)




430 Faulty Handling


500 SEWER STAKEOUT




610 Valves

611 Gate Valve

612 Globe Valve

613 Butterfly Valve

614 Altitude Valve

615 Ball Valve

616 Check Valve





6111 Valve Boxes

6112 Gear Boxes


620 Valve Repair



623 Lapping Valves

624 Refacing Valves


700 WATER METERS

710 Meter Dials


800 INSULATION

810 Piping






930 Main Location

940 Valve Location



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 6

Plumbing Fixtures

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




120 Water Closets

121 Installation


130 Urinals

140 Bidets

150 Sinks

151 Kitchen Sink

152 Service Sink

153 Lavatories

154 Faucets



180 Floor Drains

190 Water Heaters


210 Water Breaks

220 Water Mains



232 Steam Thawing


300 PIPE LEAKS

310 Locating Leaks



400 WATER CLOSETS

410 Flush Tank


500 FLUSHOMETERS



530 Repairs

600 FAUCETS


620 Shower Heads


710 Flushing


730 Cleaning










9114 Thermostat


9116 Tank






9124 Thermostat

9125 Drain Valve









1011 Wall Hung

1012 Counter Top

1013 Pedestal

1014 Trough



1022 Lip Height

1023 Drain

1024 Tailpiece


1031 P-Trap





1051 Supply Lines




1062 Drain




11111 Siphon Jet



11114 Reverse Trap





11311 Flushometers


113121 Wall-Hung





1211 Wall-Hung

1212 Pedestal

1213 Trough

1214 Stall

1220 Traps

1230 Flushometers

1231 Piston

1232 Diaphragm


1241 Wall Hung

1242 Pedestal

1243 Trough

1244 Stall



1247 Tailpiece

1248 Vacuum Breaker

1249 Spud


1251 Piston

1252 Diaphragm





1321 Shower Head

1330 Installation

Procedures

1331 Tub and Shower


1333 Tiled Shower


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 7


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 PRIME MOVERS

110 Electric Motors


1111 Lubrication


1113 Safety

1114 Cleanliness




1221 Safety

1222 Cleanliness

200 PUMPS

210 Pump Operation

220 Suction Force


240 Types of Pumps

241 Rotary Pumps












244 Air-Lift Pumps

245 Jet Pumps


251 Piping

2511 Suction Piping




252 Stuffing Box

253 Packing




2541 Single Seal

2542 Double Seal






300 AIR COMPRESSORS

Pressure and Uses





350 Cooling System


370 Engine



391 Piping






Test your Knowledge

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 8


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites





1111 House Sewer

1112 Lateral Sewer

1113 Branch Sewer

1114 Main Sewer

1115 Trunk Sewer


1117 Forced Main


1119 Outfall Sewer

11110 Manhole


11112 Catch Basin



114 Gravity Systems



121 Soil Pipe

122 Waste Pipe



125 Branch

126 Building Drain


210 Stoppages

211 Tree Roots

212 Sand or Gravel

213 GreaseTar


300 HEALTH HAZARDS

310 Atmospheric

320 Bacterial








415 Bacteria






416 Baffle



419 Diffuser

4110 Digester

4111 Disinfection



4114 Distributor

4115 Effluent

4116 Headworks

4117 Imhoff Tank

4118 Influent


4120 Nutrients

4121 Organic Waste

4122 Percolation

4123 Pollution



4126 Scum


4128 Seed Sludge

4129 Septic Tank

4130 Sewage

4131 Shock Load

4132 Sludge


4134 Supernatant


4136 Weir

4137 Wet Well


421 Domestic Waste

4211 Organic Waste



4221 Organic Waste





431 Human Health



441 Total Solids








510 Cesspool Uses

520 Operation

530 Additions






630 CapacitySizing

640 Dosing Tanks




671 Health Problems


673 Gas Hazards






750 Mound Latrines


770 Pail Latrine




792 Pipe Urinals

793 Urinal Troughs








930 Testing

940 Trench Width

950 Pipe Size

960 Laying the Pipe

961 Type of Pipe

9611 Fiber Pipe


962 Slope

970 Tile Beds





1010 Water Cycle

1011 Surface Water

1012 Groundwater





10231 Typhoid Fever


10233 Cholera



10236 Diarrhea


10241 Flocculation

10242 Sedimentation

10243 Filtration

10244 Disinfection






102410 Safety







1036 Locating Leaks

1037 Hypochlorites

1038 Ammonia

1039 Sulfur Dioxide




10421 Wells











105111 Equipment


105121 Equipment

105122 Reagents



1052 pH Test

10521 Indicators

10522 Procedures

1053 Salinity Tests


105311 Reagents



105314 Calculations

10532 Hardness Test

105321 Reagents

105322 Procedures

105323 Calculations

10533 Chloride Test

105331 Reagents

105332 Procedures

105333 Calculations

10534 Sulfate Test

1054 Color Test


10551 Equipment

10552 Procedures


1057 Turbidity Test

1058 Records

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 9

Boilers

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



210 Air Cock


230 Blowdown Valves

240 Fusible Plugs

250 Water Column


252 Try Cocks

253 Gauge Glass

260 Safety Valve






311 Straight Tube

312 Bent Tube





324 Firebox Boiler



510 Float Control







630 Draft Gauges




720 Scale

730 Corrosion





753 Test for Tannin




757 Test for pH








814 Sweating








82213 Sulfamic Acid


8222 Inhibitors




823 Boiling Out









917 Fan Maintenance



920 Boiler Tubes


922 Renewing Tubes

923 Removing Tubes

924 Cleaning Tubes




928 Fitting Tubes

929 Expanding Tubes

9210 Belling Tubes










9442 Blowdown


9445 Soot Removal






950 Safety


952 Safe Practices


954 Lockout Devices


9542 Locks


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 10


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



111 Conduit Type

112 Utilidor Type




123 Maintenance



211 Installation

212 Operation

213 Maintenance


221 Installation

222 Operation

223 Maintenance


231 Installation

232 Operation

233 Maintenance


241 Installation

242 Operation

243 Maintenance


310 Radiators


330 Steam Traps

331 Types of Traps

3311 Float Trap


3313 Bucket Trap



3316 Impulse Trap












340 Water Tanks

350 Water Heaters

351 Storage Type





Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 11

Heating Systems

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


110 Theory of Heat

120 Measurement

130 Heat Transfer

131 Conduction

132 Convection

133 Radiation


210 Types of Gases

211 Natural Gas



214 Fuel Oils


310 Unit Heaters

311 Space Heaters




31131 Installation



410 Gravity System











4435 Pilot Light

4436 Thermocouple


4438 Limit Control

4439 Heat Exchanger


44311 Humidifiers




4512 Fuel Unit





45132 Limit Control





45137 Bellows

45138 Bourdon Tube


451310 Thermostat



471 Fuel Oil Firing





481 Troubleshooting


483 Test Equipment

490 Fuel Pump







542 Pressure Gauge


544 Airflow Switch


610 Gravity Systems









631 Pipelines

632 Radiators

6321 Convectors


633 Unit Heaters


635 Reducing Valves









723 Operation


Summary

Review Questions




Chapter 12

Refrigeration

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Nature of Heat

120 Unit of Heat



150 Specific Heat

160 Sensible Heat

170 Latent Heat

180 Total Heat


1100 Pressure




1110 Vaporization

1120 Condensation


210 Components

211 Compressors



212 Condensers




213 Liquid Receiver

214 Evaporators

215 Control Devices






2156 Capillary Tube


2161 Relief Valve





2166 Liquid Line



2169 Suction Line





300 REFRIGERANTS




























731 Evacuation

732 Charging






751 Recovery

752 Recycling

753 Reclaiming



















914 Defrosting


921 Opens

922 Shorts

923 Grounds



1000 LOGS

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 13

Air Conditioning

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Temperature

120 Humidity



130 Purity of Air




220 Heat Pumps

221 Heating Cycle

222 Cooling Cycle

223 Defrost Cycle




232 Controls

233 Condensers






250 Maintenance

251 Coil Cleaning

252 Fan Motors


254 Filters






271 Shutdown

271 Startup

280 Safety Warnings


310 Cooling Towers

311 Natural Draft

312 Inducted Draft

313 Forced Draft



320 Compressors


3211 Open

3212 Semi-sealed

3213 Hermetic

322 Rotary



330 Controls

331 Thermostats

332 Humidistats




336 Step Controller

340 Troubleshooting










461 Flushing Agents




490 Certification



500 DUCTWORK



530 Construction

540 Components


542 Dampers

543 Fire Dampers

544 Fans


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 14


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




120 Industrial Sink






310 Steam Kettles

320 Steam Chests

330 Steam Tables

340 Dishwashers

350 Ranges

360 Field Range

370 Bakery Ovens



410 Types of Units





500 FIRE HYDRANTS























821 Softener Unit



831 Mixers




841 Gravity Filters









861 Chlorination

862 Handling Lime


864 Housekeeping

Summary

Review Questions



APPENDIX I

APPENDIX II

APPENDIX III

UT Back Cover


btnUTILIDOR

dQuestionUTB10KC1a1

dQuestionUTB10KC1a2

dQuestionUTB10KC1a3

dQuestionUTB10KC1a4


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btnPYROMETER


dQuestionUTB10PC1a1

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dQuestionUTB10PC8a1

dQuestionUTB10PC8a2

dQuestionUTB10PC8a3

dQuestionUTB10PC8a4

dQuestionUTB10PC9a1

dQuestionUTB10PC9a2

dQuestionUTB10PC9a3

dQuestionUTB10PC9a4





































































































































txtRate

txtCourse

txtDate

txtChapter

txtNumber

txtDescription

txtCorrection

txtName




device









supply of water









how many degrees

A 120 B 140 C 160 D 180


heaters



device







A 3 B 5 C 7 D 9



A 10 to 20 B 20 to 30 C 30 to 40 D 40 to 50



A True B False












Rate____ Course Name_____________________________________________




A9RFE65tmppdf

Instruction Page

UTB Cover

UTB Copyright



Chapter 1


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 BLUEPRINTS




1211 Title Block

1212 Drawing Number

1213 Revision Block


1215 Zone Number



131 Piping Systems

132 Fixtures

133 Fittings


13311 Elbows

13312 Tees

13313 Unions

13314 Gate Valve

13315 Globe Valve


13321 Bend

13322 Sanitary Tee


134 Joints

1341 Screwed Joints




140 Types of Scales

200 PLANS

210 Site Plan


221 Plot Plans

222 Foundation Plan

223 Floor Plan

224 Elevation Plan









243 Plumbing Layout

300 SPECIFICATIONS

















Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 2


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




120 Decimal Rules






130 Rounding Rules

140 Fraction Rules

















160 Area Formulas



1711 45deg Offsets



1714 60deg Offsets






173 Rolled Offsets


210 Safety


221 Current

2211 Effects

22111 Heat




2212 Uses



222 Voltage

2221 Measurement

2222 Source

22221 Chemical

22222 Thermal

22223 Mechanical

2223 Uses

223 Resistance








2242 Ground Circuit

2243 Capacitors

2244 Batteries






311 Power Source

312 Load


3131 Material

3132 Wire Size

314 Insulation

315 Location

316 Wiring Standard

317 Color Codes


320 Circuit Types

321 Series Circuit



330 Ohmrsquos Law


332 Series Circuit



410 Meters

411 Voltmeter

412 Ammeter

413 Ohmmeter

414 Meter Safety

420 Circuit Faults

421 Open

422 Shorts

423 Grounds



431 Diagnosis


433 Localization

434 Isolation

435 Repair

436 Operation





522 Copper Tubing

523 Plastic




531 End to End


533 End to Center

534 End to Back

535 Center to Back

536 Back to Back

537 Face to Face





562 Buried Pipe


600 EXCAVATION



612 Procedures













640 Testing

641 Water Test

642 Air Test

643 Odor Test

650 Backfilling












Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 3


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


110 SOURCES

111 Rainwater

112 Surface Water


1131 Wells








132 Loop System











1442 System Life



14511 Asphalt

14512 Coal Tar





150 Malfunctions


152 Pipe Noise


161 Sizing Factors


163 Materials Used


171 Valves

172 Fittings

173 Specialties

200 WATER SERVICE

210 Trenching

211 Soil Conditions

212 Safety Issues



230 Backfilling




2412 Fittings

2413 Joining

242 Copper Pipe

2421 Bending

2422 Measuring

24221 End to End


24223 End to Center

24224 End to Back


24226 Back to Back

24227 Face to Face





321 Foundations










324 Pneumatic Tanks

325 Appurtenances

326 Grounds


410 Source

420 Pumps13

430 Treatment Plant

440 Piping

450 Control Valves

460 Fire Hydrants

470 Water Usage


510 Tapping Machine









621 Swing Joint

622 Expansion Loop

630 Curb Stop


650 Curb Boxes










810 Lavatories



813 Mounting Board

820 Urinals


822 Cold Water



826 Backing Board

830 Water Closets





840 BathtubsShowers



843 Mixing Valves

844 Header Board




9111 Measuring

9112 Cutting

9113 Fittings

9114 Joining



9122 Cutting

9123 Fittings

9124 Joining

913 Plastic Pipe


9132 Cutting

9133 Fittings

9134 Joining


9136 Testing



922 Testing

9221 Water Test

9222 Air Test

9223 Odor Test

923 Manholes




1011 Soil Pipe

1012 Waste Pipe

1013 Stack

1014 Branch

1015 Building Drain

1016 Building Sewer

1020 Types of Pipes



1023 Brass Pipe


1025 Copper Pipe

1026 Plastic Pipe


1031 Bend

1032 Closet Bend

1033 Wye

1034 Sanitary Tee

1035 Test Tee


1037 Double Tee


1039 Cleanout

1040 Traps

1041 Common P-Trap

1042 Deep P-Trap

1043 Integral Trap

1044 Trap Seal Loss




10444 Evaporation


1051 Stacks

10511 Soil Stack

10512 Waste Stack

1052 Vents

10521 Stack Vent

10522 Vent Stack

10523 Main Vent


10525 Dual Vent

10526 Wet Vent

10527 Loop Vent

10528 Circuit Vent

10529 Relief Vent

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 4


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




111 Wood

1111 Box Type

1121 Frame Type

112 Masonry

113 Metal





124 Working Drawing


131 Rough-In

132 Finish Plumbing




1333 Jigsaw

1334 Hammer Drill

1335 Tin Snips

1336 Brace and Bit

1337 Keyhole Saw



141 Center Cut

142 Over Cut

143 Under Cut

144 Notch







212 Methods

220 Hand Threading

221 Cutting Pipe

222 Reaming

223 Threading

224 Dies

225 Procedures


231 Clean Threads




235 Pipe Nipples












321 PVC Schedule 40

322 PVC Schedule 80




331 Advantages

332 Disadvantages



341 Solvent Welding

342 Fusion Welding

343 Fillet Welding

344 Threaded




4111 Type K

4112 Type L

4113 Type M

4114 Type DWV



4131 Hand Method

4132 Bending Block

4133 Spring Bender



421 Ferrule Joints

422 Flaring

423 Swedging

4231 Procedures



4242 Torch

4243 Solder

4244 Procedures

42441 Silver Solder


440 System Layout

450 Safety



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 5


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Dumpy Level


130 Hand Level



160 Care of Levels

200 LEVELING RODS

210 Direct Readings

220 Target Readings

230 Rod Levels



300 BENCH MARK (BM)




430 Faulty Handling


500 SEWER STAKEOUT




610 Valves

611 Gate Valve

612 Globe Valve

613 Butterfly Valve

614 Altitude Valve

615 Ball Valve

616 Check Valve





6111 Valve Boxes

6112 Gear Boxes


620 Valve Repair



623 Lapping Valves

624 Refacing Valves


700 WATER METERS

710 Meter Dials


800 INSULATION

810 Piping






930 Main Location

940 Valve Location



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 6

Plumbing Fixtures

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




120 Water Closets

121 Installation


130 Urinals

140 Bidets

150 Sinks

151 Kitchen Sink

152 Service Sink

153 Lavatories

154 Faucets



180 Floor Drains

190 Water Heaters


210 Water Breaks

220 Water Mains



232 Steam Thawing


300 PIPE LEAKS

310 Locating Leaks



400 WATER CLOSETS

410 Flush Tank


500 FLUSHOMETERS



530 Repairs

600 FAUCETS


620 Shower Heads


710 Flushing


730 Cleaning










9114 Thermostat


9116 Tank






9124 Thermostat

9125 Drain Valve









1011 Wall Hung

1012 Counter Top

1013 Pedestal

1014 Trough



1022 Lip Height

1023 Drain

1024 Tailpiece


1031 P-Trap





1051 Supply Lines




1062 Drain




11111 Siphon Jet



11114 Reverse Trap





11311 Flushometers


113121 Wall-Hung





1211 Wall-Hung

1212 Pedestal

1213 Trough

1214 Stall

1220 Traps

1230 Flushometers

1231 Piston

1232 Diaphragm


1241 Wall Hung

1242 Pedestal

1243 Trough

1244 Stall



1247 Tailpiece

1248 Vacuum Breaker

1249 Spud


1251 Piston

1252 Diaphragm





1321 Shower Head

1330 Installation

Procedures

1331 Tub and Shower


1333 Tiled Shower


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 7


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 PRIME MOVERS

110 Electric Motors


1111 Lubrication


1113 Safety

1114 Cleanliness




1221 Safety

1222 Cleanliness

200 PUMPS

210 Pump Operation

220 Suction Force


240 Types of Pumps

241 Rotary Pumps












244 Air-Lift Pumps

245 Jet Pumps


251 Piping

2511 Suction Piping




252 Stuffing Box

253 Packing




2541 Single Seal

2542 Double Seal






300 AIR COMPRESSORS

Pressure and Uses





350 Cooling System


370 Engine



391 Piping






Test your Knowledge

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 8


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites





1111 House Sewer

1112 Lateral Sewer

1113 Branch Sewer

1114 Main Sewer

1115 Trunk Sewer


1117 Forced Main


1119 Outfall Sewer

11110 Manhole


11112 Catch Basin



114 Gravity Systems



121 Soil Pipe

122 Waste Pipe



125 Branch

126 Building Drain


210 Stoppages

211 Tree Roots

212 Sand or Gravel

213 GreaseTar


300 HEALTH HAZARDS

310 Atmospheric

320 Bacterial








415 Bacteria






416 Baffle



419 Diffuser

4110 Digester

4111 Disinfection



4114 Distributor

4115 Effluent

4116 Headworks

4117 Imhoff Tank

4118 Influent


4120 Nutrients

4121 Organic Waste

4122 Percolation

4123 Pollution



4126 Scum


4128 Seed Sludge

4129 Septic Tank

4130 Sewage

4131 Shock Load

4132 Sludge


4134 Supernatant


4136 Weir

4137 Wet Well


421 Domestic Waste

4211 Organic Waste



4221 Organic Waste





431 Human Health



441 Total Solids








510 Cesspool Uses

520 Operation

530 Additions






630 CapacitySizing

640 Dosing Tanks




671 Health Problems


673 Gas Hazards






750 Mound Latrines


770 Pail Latrine




792 Pipe Urinals

793 Urinal Troughs








930 Testing

940 Trench Width

950 Pipe Size

960 Laying the Pipe

961 Type of Pipe

9611 Fiber Pipe


962 Slope

970 Tile Beds





1010 Water Cycle

1011 Surface Water

1012 Groundwater





10231 Typhoid Fever


10233 Cholera



10236 Diarrhea


10241 Flocculation

10242 Sedimentation

10243 Filtration

10244 Disinfection






102410 Safety







1036 Locating Leaks

1037 Hypochlorites

1038 Ammonia

1039 Sulfur Dioxide




10421 Wells











105111 Equipment


105121 Equipment

105122 Reagents



1052 pH Test

10521 Indicators

10522 Procedures

1053 Salinity Tests


105311 Reagents



105314 Calculations

10532 Hardness Test

105321 Reagents

105322 Procedures

105323 Calculations

10533 Chloride Test

105331 Reagents

105332 Procedures

105333 Calculations

10534 Sulfate Test

1054 Color Test


10551 Equipment

10552 Procedures


1057 Turbidity Test

1058 Records

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 9

Boilers

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



210 Air Cock


230 Blowdown Valves

240 Fusible Plugs

250 Water Column


252 Try Cocks

253 Gauge Glass

260 Safety Valve






311 Straight Tube

312 Bent Tube





324 Firebox Boiler



510 Float Control







630 Draft Gauges




720 Scale

730 Corrosion





753 Test for Tannin




757 Test for pH








814 Sweating








82213 Sulfamic Acid


8222 Inhibitors




823 Boiling Out









917 Fan Maintenance



920 Boiler Tubes


922 Renewing Tubes

923 Removing Tubes

924 Cleaning Tubes




928 Fitting Tubes

929 Expanding Tubes

9210 Belling Tubes










9442 Blowdown


9445 Soot Removal






950 Safety


952 Safe Practices


954 Lockout Devices


9542 Locks


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 10


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



111 Conduit Type

112 Utilidor Type




123 Maintenance



211 Installation

212 Operation

213 Maintenance


221 Installation

222 Operation

223 Maintenance


231 Installation

232 Operation

233 Maintenance


241 Installation

242 Operation

243 Maintenance


310 Radiators


330 Steam Traps

331 Types of Traps

3311 Float Trap


3313 Bucket Trap



3316 Impulse Trap












340 Water Tanks

350 Water Heaters

351 Storage Type





Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 11

Heating Systems

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


110 Theory of Heat

120 Measurement

130 Heat Transfer

131 Conduction

132 Convection

133 Radiation


210 Types of Gases

211 Natural Gas



214 Fuel Oils


310 Unit Heaters

311 Space Heaters




31131 Installation



410 Gravity System











4435 Pilot Light

4436 Thermocouple


4438 Limit Control

4439 Heat Exchanger


44311 Humidifiers




4512 Fuel Unit





45132 Limit Control





45137 Bellows

45138 Bourdon Tube


451310 Thermostat



471 Fuel Oil Firing





481 Troubleshooting


483 Test Equipment

490 Fuel Pump







542 Pressure Gauge


544 Airflow Switch


610 Gravity Systems









631 Pipelines

632 Radiators

6321 Convectors


633 Unit Heaters


635 Reducing Valves









723 Operation


Summary

Review Questions




Chapter 12

Refrigeration

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Nature of Heat

120 Unit of Heat



150 Specific Heat

160 Sensible Heat

170 Latent Heat

180 Total Heat


1100 Pressure




1110 Vaporization

1120 Condensation


210 Components

211 Compressors



212 Condensers




213 Liquid Receiver

214 Evaporators

215 Control Devices






2156 Capillary Tube


2161 Relief Valve





2166 Liquid Line



2169 Suction Line





300 REFRIGERANTS




























731 Evacuation

732 Charging






751 Recovery

752 Recycling

753 Reclaiming



















914 Defrosting


921 Opens

922 Shorts

923 Grounds



1000 LOGS

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 13

Air Conditioning

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Temperature

120 Humidity



130 Purity of Air




220 Heat Pumps

221 Heating Cycle

222 Cooling Cycle

223 Defrost Cycle




232 Controls

233 Condensers






250 Maintenance

251 Coil Cleaning

252 Fan Motors


254 Filters






271 Shutdown

271 Startup

280 Safety Warnings


310 Cooling Towers

311 Natural Draft

312 Inducted Draft

313 Forced Draft



320 Compressors


3211 Open

3212 Semi-sealed

3213 Hermetic

322 Rotary



330 Controls

331 Thermostats

332 Humidistats




336 Step Controller

340 Troubleshooting










461 Flushing Agents




490 Certification



500 DUCTWORK



530 Construction

540 Components


542 Dampers

543 Fire Dampers

544 Fans


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 14


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




120 Industrial Sink






310 Steam Kettles

320 Steam Chests

330 Steam Tables

340 Dishwashers

350 Ranges

360 Field Range

370 Bakery Ovens



410 Types of Units





500 FIRE HYDRANTS























821 Softener Unit



831 Mixers




841 Gravity Filters









861 Chlorination

862 Handling Lime


864 Housekeeping

Summary

Review Questions



APPENDIX I

APPENDIX II

APPENDIX III

UT Back Cover


btnUTILIDOR

dQuestionUTB10KC1a1

dQuestionUTB10KC1a2

dQuestionUTB10KC1a3

dQuestionUTB10KC1a4


btnVOLATILE

btnPYROMETER


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dQuestionUTB10PC8a1

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txtRate

txtCourse

txtDate

txtChapter

txtNumber

txtDescription

txtCorrection

txtName




how many degrees

A 120 B 140 C 160 D 180


heaters



device







A 3 B 5 C 7 D 9



A 10 to 20 B 20 to 30 C 30 to 40 D 40 to 50



A True B False












Rate____ Course Name_____________________________________________




A9RFE65tmppdf

Instruction Page

UTB Cover

UTB Copyright



Chapter 1


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 BLUEPRINTS




1211 Title Block

1212 Drawing Number

1213 Revision Block


1215 Zone Number



131 Piping Systems

132 Fixtures

133 Fittings


13311 Elbows

13312 Tees

13313 Unions

13314 Gate Valve

13315 Globe Valve


13321 Bend

13322 Sanitary Tee


134 Joints

1341 Screwed Joints




140 Types of Scales

200 PLANS

210 Site Plan


221 Plot Plans

222 Foundation Plan

223 Floor Plan

224 Elevation Plan









243 Plumbing Layout

300 SPECIFICATIONS

















Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 2


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




120 Decimal Rules






130 Rounding Rules

140 Fraction Rules

















160 Area Formulas



1711 45deg Offsets



1714 60deg Offsets






173 Rolled Offsets


210 Safety


221 Current

2211 Effects

22111 Heat




2212 Uses



222 Voltage

2221 Measurement

2222 Source

22221 Chemical

22222 Thermal

22223 Mechanical

2223 Uses

223 Resistance








2242 Ground Circuit

2243 Capacitors

2244 Batteries






311 Power Source

312 Load


3131 Material

3132 Wire Size

314 Insulation

315 Location

316 Wiring Standard

317 Color Codes


320 Circuit Types

321 Series Circuit



330 Ohmrsquos Law


332 Series Circuit



410 Meters

411 Voltmeter

412 Ammeter

413 Ohmmeter

414 Meter Safety

420 Circuit Faults

421 Open

422 Shorts

423 Grounds



431 Diagnosis


433 Localization

434 Isolation

435 Repair

436 Operation





522 Copper Tubing

523 Plastic




531 End to End


533 End to Center

534 End to Back

535 Center to Back

536 Back to Back

537 Face to Face





562 Buried Pipe


600 EXCAVATION



612 Procedures













640 Testing

641 Water Test

642 Air Test

643 Odor Test

650 Backfilling












Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 3


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


110 SOURCES

111 Rainwater

112 Surface Water


1131 Wells








132 Loop System











1442 System Life



14511 Asphalt

14512 Coal Tar





150 Malfunctions


152 Pipe Noise


161 Sizing Factors


163 Materials Used


171 Valves

172 Fittings

173 Specialties

200 WATER SERVICE

210 Trenching

211 Soil Conditions

212 Safety Issues



230 Backfilling




2412 Fittings

2413 Joining

242 Copper Pipe

2421 Bending

2422 Measuring

24221 End to End


24223 End to Center

24224 End to Back


24226 Back to Back

24227 Face to Face





321 Foundations










324 Pneumatic Tanks

325 Appurtenances

326 Grounds


410 Source

420 Pumps13

430 Treatment Plant

440 Piping

450 Control Valves

460 Fire Hydrants

470 Water Usage


510 Tapping Machine









621 Swing Joint

622 Expansion Loop

630 Curb Stop


650 Curb Boxes










810 Lavatories



813 Mounting Board

820 Urinals


822 Cold Water



826 Backing Board

830 Water Closets





840 BathtubsShowers



843 Mixing Valves

844 Header Board




9111 Measuring

9112 Cutting

9113 Fittings

9114 Joining



9122 Cutting

9123 Fittings

9124 Joining

913 Plastic Pipe


9132 Cutting

9133 Fittings

9134 Joining


9136 Testing



922 Testing

9221 Water Test

9222 Air Test

9223 Odor Test

923 Manholes




1011 Soil Pipe

1012 Waste Pipe

1013 Stack

1014 Branch

1015 Building Drain

1016 Building Sewer

1020 Types of Pipes



1023 Brass Pipe


1025 Copper Pipe

1026 Plastic Pipe


1031 Bend

1032 Closet Bend

1033 Wye

1034 Sanitary Tee

1035 Test Tee


1037 Double Tee


1039 Cleanout

1040 Traps

1041 Common P-Trap

1042 Deep P-Trap

1043 Integral Trap

1044 Trap Seal Loss




10444 Evaporation


1051 Stacks

10511 Soil Stack

10512 Waste Stack

1052 Vents

10521 Stack Vent

10522 Vent Stack

10523 Main Vent


10525 Dual Vent

10526 Wet Vent

10527 Loop Vent

10528 Circuit Vent

10529 Relief Vent

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 4


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




111 Wood

1111 Box Type

1121 Frame Type

112 Masonry

113 Metal





124 Working Drawing


131 Rough-In

132 Finish Plumbing




1333 Jigsaw

1334 Hammer Drill

1335 Tin Snips

1336 Brace and Bit

1337 Keyhole Saw



141 Center Cut

142 Over Cut

143 Under Cut

144 Notch







212 Methods

220 Hand Threading

221 Cutting Pipe

222 Reaming

223 Threading

224 Dies

225 Procedures


231 Clean Threads




235 Pipe Nipples












321 PVC Schedule 40

322 PVC Schedule 80




331 Advantages

332 Disadvantages



341 Solvent Welding

342 Fusion Welding

343 Fillet Welding

344 Threaded




4111 Type K

4112 Type L

4113 Type M

4114 Type DWV



4131 Hand Method

4132 Bending Block

4133 Spring Bender



421 Ferrule Joints

422 Flaring

423 Swedging

4231 Procedures



4242 Torch

4243 Solder

4244 Procedures

42441 Silver Solder


440 System Layout

450 Safety



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 5


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Dumpy Level


130 Hand Level



160 Care of Levels

200 LEVELING RODS

210 Direct Readings

220 Target Readings

230 Rod Levels



300 BENCH MARK (BM)




430 Faulty Handling


500 SEWER STAKEOUT




610 Valves

611 Gate Valve

612 Globe Valve

613 Butterfly Valve

614 Altitude Valve

615 Ball Valve

616 Check Valve





6111 Valve Boxes

6112 Gear Boxes


620 Valve Repair



623 Lapping Valves

624 Refacing Valves


700 WATER METERS

710 Meter Dials


800 INSULATION

810 Piping






930 Main Location

940 Valve Location



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 6

Plumbing Fixtures

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




120 Water Closets

121 Installation


130 Urinals

140 Bidets

150 Sinks

151 Kitchen Sink

152 Service Sink

153 Lavatories

154 Faucets



180 Floor Drains

190 Water Heaters


210 Water Breaks

220 Water Mains



232 Steam Thawing


300 PIPE LEAKS

310 Locating Leaks



400 WATER CLOSETS

410 Flush Tank


500 FLUSHOMETERS



530 Repairs

600 FAUCETS


620 Shower Heads


710 Flushing


730 Cleaning










9114 Thermostat


9116 Tank






9124 Thermostat

9125 Drain Valve









1011 Wall Hung

1012 Counter Top

1013 Pedestal

1014 Trough



1022 Lip Height

1023 Drain

1024 Tailpiece


1031 P-Trap





1051 Supply Lines




1062 Drain




11111 Siphon Jet



11114 Reverse Trap





11311 Flushometers


113121 Wall-Hung





1211 Wall-Hung

1212 Pedestal

1213 Trough

1214 Stall

1220 Traps

1230 Flushometers

1231 Piston

1232 Diaphragm


1241 Wall Hung

1242 Pedestal

1243 Trough

1244 Stall



1247 Tailpiece

1248 Vacuum Breaker

1249 Spud


1251 Piston

1252 Diaphragm





1321 Shower Head

1330 Installation

Procedures

1331 Tub and Shower


1333 Tiled Shower


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 7


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 PRIME MOVERS

110 Electric Motors


1111 Lubrication


1113 Safety

1114 Cleanliness




1221 Safety

1222 Cleanliness

200 PUMPS

210 Pump Operation

220 Suction Force


240 Types of Pumps

241 Rotary Pumps












244 Air-Lift Pumps

245 Jet Pumps


251 Piping

2511 Suction Piping




252 Stuffing Box

253 Packing




2541 Single Seal

2542 Double Seal






300 AIR COMPRESSORS

Pressure and Uses





350 Cooling System


370 Engine



391 Piping






Test your Knowledge

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 8


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites





1111 House Sewer

1112 Lateral Sewer

1113 Branch Sewer

1114 Main Sewer

1115 Trunk Sewer


1117 Forced Main


1119 Outfall Sewer

11110 Manhole


11112 Catch Basin



114 Gravity Systems



121 Soil Pipe

122 Waste Pipe



125 Branch

126 Building Drain


210 Stoppages

211 Tree Roots

212 Sand or Gravel

213 GreaseTar


300 HEALTH HAZARDS

310 Atmospheric

320 Bacterial








415 Bacteria






416 Baffle



419 Diffuser

4110 Digester

4111 Disinfection



4114 Distributor

4115 Effluent

4116 Headworks

4117 Imhoff Tank

4118 Influent


4120 Nutrients

4121 Organic Waste

4122 Percolation

4123 Pollution



4126 Scum


4128 Seed Sludge

4129 Septic Tank

4130 Sewage

4131 Shock Load

4132 Sludge


4134 Supernatant


4136 Weir

4137 Wet Well


421 Domestic Waste

4211 Organic Waste



4221 Organic Waste





431 Human Health



441 Total Solids








510 Cesspool Uses

520 Operation

530 Additions






630 CapacitySizing

640 Dosing Tanks




671 Health Problems


673 Gas Hazards






750 Mound Latrines


770 Pail Latrine




792 Pipe Urinals

793 Urinal Troughs








930 Testing

940 Trench Width

950 Pipe Size

960 Laying the Pipe

961 Type of Pipe

9611 Fiber Pipe


962 Slope

970 Tile Beds





1010 Water Cycle

1011 Surface Water

1012 Groundwater





10231 Typhoid Fever


10233 Cholera



10236 Diarrhea


10241 Flocculation

10242 Sedimentation

10243 Filtration

10244 Disinfection






102410 Safety







1036 Locating Leaks

1037 Hypochlorites

1038 Ammonia

1039 Sulfur Dioxide




10421 Wells











105111 Equipment


105121 Equipment

105122 Reagents



1052 pH Test

10521 Indicators

10522 Procedures

1053 Salinity Tests


105311 Reagents



105314 Calculations

10532 Hardness Test

105321 Reagents

105322 Procedures

105323 Calculations

10533 Chloride Test

105331 Reagents

105332 Procedures

105333 Calculations

10534 Sulfate Test

1054 Color Test


10551 Equipment

10552 Procedures


1057 Turbidity Test

1058 Records

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 9

Boilers

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



210 Air Cock


230 Blowdown Valves

240 Fusible Plugs

250 Water Column


252 Try Cocks

253 Gauge Glass

260 Safety Valve






311 Straight Tube

312 Bent Tube





324 Firebox Boiler



510 Float Control







630 Draft Gauges




720 Scale

730 Corrosion





753 Test for Tannin




757 Test for pH








814 Sweating








82213 Sulfamic Acid


8222 Inhibitors




823 Boiling Out









917 Fan Maintenance



920 Boiler Tubes


922 Renewing Tubes

923 Removing Tubes

924 Cleaning Tubes




928 Fitting Tubes

929 Expanding Tubes

9210 Belling Tubes










9442 Blowdown


9445 Soot Removal






950 Safety


952 Safe Practices


954 Lockout Devices


9542 Locks


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 10


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



111 Conduit Type

112 Utilidor Type




123 Maintenance



211 Installation

212 Operation

213 Maintenance


221 Installation

222 Operation

223 Maintenance


231 Installation

232 Operation

233 Maintenance


241 Installation

242 Operation

243 Maintenance


310 Radiators


330 Steam Traps

331 Types of Traps

3311 Float Trap


3313 Bucket Trap



3316 Impulse Trap












340 Water Tanks

350 Water Heaters

351 Storage Type





Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 11

Heating Systems

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


110 Theory of Heat

120 Measurement

130 Heat Transfer

131 Conduction

132 Convection

133 Radiation


210 Types of Gases

211 Natural Gas



214 Fuel Oils


310 Unit Heaters

311 Space Heaters




31131 Installation



410 Gravity System











4435 Pilot Light

4436 Thermocouple


4438 Limit Control

4439 Heat Exchanger


44311 Humidifiers




4512 Fuel Unit





45132 Limit Control





45137 Bellows

45138 Bourdon Tube


451310 Thermostat



471 Fuel Oil Firing





481 Troubleshooting


483 Test Equipment

490 Fuel Pump







542 Pressure Gauge


544 Airflow Switch


610 Gravity Systems









631 Pipelines

632 Radiators

6321 Convectors


633 Unit Heaters


635 Reducing Valves









723 Operation


Summary

Review Questions




Chapter 12

Refrigeration

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Nature of Heat

120 Unit of Heat



150 Specific Heat

160 Sensible Heat

170 Latent Heat

180 Total Heat


1100 Pressure




1110 Vaporization

1120 Condensation


210 Components

211 Compressors



212 Condensers




213 Liquid Receiver

214 Evaporators

215 Control Devices






2156 Capillary Tube


2161 Relief Valve





2166 Liquid Line



2169 Suction Line





300 REFRIGERANTS




























731 Evacuation

732 Charging






751 Recovery

752 Recycling

753 Reclaiming



















914 Defrosting


921 Opens

922 Shorts

923 Grounds



1000 LOGS

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 13

Air Conditioning

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Temperature

120 Humidity



130 Purity of Air




220 Heat Pumps

221 Heating Cycle

222 Cooling Cycle

223 Defrost Cycle




232 Controls

233 Condensers






250 Maintenance

251 Coil Cleaning

252 Fan Motors


254 Filters






271 Shutdown

271 Startup

280 Safety Warnings


310 Cooling Towers

311 Natural Draft

312 Inducted Draft

313 Forced Draft



320 Compressors


3211 Open

3212 Semi-sealed

3213 Hermetic

322 Rotary



330 Controls

331 Thermostats

332 Humidistats




336 Step Controller

340 Troubleshooting










461 Flushing Agents




490 Certification



500 DUCTWORK



530 Construction

540 Components


542 Dampers

543 Fire Dampers

544 Fans


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 14


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




120 Industrial Sink






310 Steam Kettles

320 Steam Chests

330 Steam Tables

340 Dishwashers

350 Ranges

360 Field Range

370 Bakery Ovens



410 Types of Units





500 FIRE HYDRANTS























821 Softener Unit



831 Mixers




841 Gravity Filters









861 Chlorination

862 Handling Lime


864 Housekeeping

Summary

Review Questions



APPENDIX I

APPENDIX II

APPENDIX III

UT Back Cover


btnUTILIDOR

dQuestionUTB10KC1a1

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dQuestionUTB10KC1a4


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dQuestionUTB10PC1a1

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dQuestionUTB10PC4a1

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dQuestionUTB10PC9a4





































































































































txtRate

txtCourse

txtDate

txtChapter

txtNumber

txtDescription

txtCorrection

txtName


A 10 to 20 B 20 to 30 C 30 to 40 D 40 to 50



A True B False












Rate____ Course Name_____________________________________________




A9RFE65tmppdf

Instruction Page

UTB Cover

UTB Copyright



Chapter 1


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 BLUEPRINTS




1211 Title Block

1212 Drawing Number

1213 Revision Block


1215 Zone Number



131 Piping Systems

132 Fixtures

133 Fittings


13311 Elbows

13312 Tees

13313 Unions

13314 Gate Valve

13315 Globe Valve


13321 Bend

13322 Sanitary Tee


134 Joints

1341 Screwed Joints




140 Types of Scales

200 PLANS

210 Site Plan


221 Plot Plans

222 Foundation Plan

223 Floor Plan

224 Elevation Plan









243 Plumbing Layout

300 SPECIFICATIONS

















Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 2


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




120 Decimal Rules






130 Rounding Rules

140 Fraction Rules

















160 Area Formulas



1711 45deg Offsets



1714 60deg Offsets






173 Rolled Offsets


210 Safety


221 Current

2211 Effects

22111 Heat




2212 Uses



222 Voltage

2221 Measurement

2222 Source

22221 Chemical

22222 Thermal

22223 Mechanical

2223 Uses

223 Resistance








2242 Ground Circuit

2243 Capacitors

2244 Batteries






311 Power Source

312 Load


3131 Material

3132 Wire Size

314 Insulation

315 Location

316 Wiring Standard

317 Color Codes


320 Circuit Types

321 Series Circuit



330 Ohmrsquos Law


332 Series Circuit



410 Meters

411 Voltmeter

412 Ammeter

413 Ohmmeter

414 Meter Safety

420 Circuit Faults

421 Open

422 Shorts

423 Grounds



431 Diagnosis


433 Localization

434 Isolation

435 Repair

436 Operation





522 Copper Tubing

523 Plastic




531 End to End


533 End to Center

534 End to Back

535 Center to Back

536 Back to Back

537 Face to Face





562 Buried Pipe


600 EXCAVATION



612 Procedures













640 Testing

641 Water Test

642 Air Test

643 Odor Test

650 Backfilling












Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 3


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


110 SOURCES

111 Rainwater

112 Surface Water


1131 Wells








132 Loop System











1442 System Life



14511 Asphalt

14512 Coal Tar





150 Malfunctions


152 Pipe Noise


161 Sizing Factors


163 Materials Used


171 Valves

172 Fittings

173 Specialties

200 WATER SERVICE

210 Trenching

211 Soil Conditions

212 Safety Issues



230 Backfilling




2412 Fittings

2413 Joining

242 Copper Pipe

2421 Bending

2422 Measuring

24221 End to End


24223 End to Center

24224 End to Back


24226 Back to Back

24227 Face to Face





321 Foundations










324 Pneumatic Tanks

325 Appurtenances

326 Grounds


410 Source

420 Pumps13

430 Treatment Plant

440 Piping

450 Control Valves

460 Fire Hydrants

470 Water Usage


510 Tapping Machine









621 Swing Joint

622 Expansion Loop

630 Curb Stop


650 Curb Boxes










810 Lavatories



813 Mounting Board

820 Urinals


822 Cold Water



826 Backing Board

830 Water Closets





840 BathtubsShowers



843 Mixing Valves

844 Header Board




9111 Measuring

9112 Cutting

9113 Fittings

9114 Joining



9122 Cutting

9123 Fittings

9124 Joining

913 Plastic Pipe


9132 Cutting

9133 Fittings

9134 Joining


9136 Testing



922 Testing

9221 Water Test

9222 Air Test

9223 Odor Test

923 Manholes




1011 Soil Pipe

1012 Waste Pipe

1013 Stack

1014 Branch

1015 Building Drain

1016 Building Sewer

1020 Types of Pipes



1023 Brass Pipe


1025 Copper Pipe

1026 Plastic Pipe


1031 Bend

1032 Closet Bend

1033 Wye

1034 Sanitary Tee

1035 Test Tee


1037 Double Tee


1039 Cleanout

1040 Traps

1041 Common P-Trap

1042 Deep P-Trap

1043 Integral Trap

1044 Trap Seal Loss




10444 Evaporation


1051 Stacks

10511 Soil Stack

10512 Waste Stack

1052 Vents

10521 Stack Vent

10522 Vent Stack

10523 Main Vent


10525 Dual Vent

10526 Wet Vent

10527 Loop Vent

10528 Circuit Vent

10529 Relief Vent

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 4


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




111 Wood

1111 Box Type

1121 Frame Type

112 Masonry

113 Metal





124 Working Drawing


131 Rough-In

132 Finish Plumbing




1333 Jigsaw

1334 Hammer Drill

1335 Tin Snips

1336 Brace and Bit

1337 Keyhole Saw



141 Center Cut

142 Over Cut

143 Under Cut

144 Notch







212 Methods

220 Hand Threading

221 Cutting Pipe

222 Reaming

223 Threading

224 Dies

225 Procedures


231 Clean Threads




235 Pipe Nipples












321 PVC Schedule 40

322 PVC Schedule 80




331 Advantages

332 Disadvantages



341 Solvent Welding

342 Fusion Welding

343 Fillet Welding

344 Threaded




4111 Type K

4112 Type L

4113 Type M

4114 Type DWV



4131 Hand Method

4132 Bending Block

4133 Spring Bender



421 Ferrule Joints

422 Flaring

423 Swedging

4231 Procedures



4242 Torch

4243 Solder

4244 Procedures

42441 Silver Solder


440 System Layout

450 Safety



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 5


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Dumpy Level


130 Hand Level



160 Care of Levels

200 LEVELING RODS

210 Direct Readings

220 Target Readings

230 Rod Levels



300 BENCH MARK (BM)




430 Faulty Handling


500 SEWER STAKEOUT




610 Valves

611 Gate Valve

612 Globe Valve

613 Butterfly Valve

614 Altitude Valve

615 Ball Valve

616 Check Valve





6111 Valve Boxes

6112 Gear Boxes


620 Valve Repair



623 Lapping Valves

624 Refacing Valves


700 WATER METERS

710 Meter Dials


800 INSULATION

810 Piping






930 Main Location

940 Valve Location



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 6

Plumbing Fixtures

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




120 Water Closets

121 Installation


130 Urinals

140 Bidets

150 Sinks

151 Kitchen Sink

152 Service Sink

153 Lavatories

154 Faucets



180 Floor Drains

190 Water Heaters


210 Water Breaks

220 Water Mains



232 Steam Thawing


300 PIPE LEAKS

310 Locating Leaks



400 WATER CLOSETS

410 Flush Tank


500 FLUSHOMETERS



530 Repairs

600 FAUCETS


620 Shower Heads


710 Flushing


730 Cleaning










9114 Thermostat


9116 Tank






9124 Thermostat

9125 Drain Valve









1011 Wall Hung

1012 Counter Top

1013 Pedestal

1014 Trough



1022 Lip Height

1023 Drain

1024 Tailpiece


1031 P-Trap





1051 Supply Lines




1062 Drain




11111 Siphon Jet



11114 Reverse Trap





11311 Flushometers


113121 Wall-Hung





1211 Wall-Hung

1212 Pedestal

1213 Trough

1214 Stall

1220 Traps

1230 Flushometers

1231 Piston

1232 Diaphragm


1241 Wall Hung

1242 Pedestal

1243 Trough

1244 Stall



1247 Tailpiece

1248 Vacuum Breaker

1249 Spud


1251 Piston

1252 Diaphragm





1321 Shower Head

1330 Installation

Procedures

1331 Tub and Shower


1333 Tiled Shower


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 7


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 PRIME MOVERS

110 Electric Motors


1111 Lubrication


1113 Safety

1114 Cleanliness




1221 Safety

1222 Cleanliness

200 PUMPS

210 Pump Operation

220 Suction Force


240 Types of Pumps

241 Rotary Pumps












244 Air-Lift Pumps

245 Jet Pumps


251 Piping

2511 Suction Piping




252 Stuffing Box

253 Packing




2541 Single Seal

2542 Double Seal






300 AIR COMPRESSORS

Pressure and Uses





350 Cooling System


370 Engine



391 Piping






Test your Knowledge

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 8


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites





1111 House Sewer

1112 Lateral Sewer

1113 Branch Sewer

1114 Main Sewer

1115 Trunk Sewer


1117 Forced Main


1119 Outfall Sewer

11110 Manhole


11112 Catch Basin



114 Gravity Systems



121 Soil Pipe

122 Waste Pipe



125 Branch

126 Building Drain


210 Stoppages

211 Tree Roots

212 Sand or Gravel

213 GreaseTar


300 HEALTH HAZARDS

310 Atmospheric

320 Bacterial








415 Bacteria






416 Baffle



419 Diffuser

4110 Digester

4111 Disinfection



4114 Distributor

4115 Effluent

4116 Headworks

4117 Imhoff Tank

4118 Influent


4120 Nutrients

4121 Organic Waste

4122 Percolation

4123 Pollution



4126 Scum


4128 Seed Sludge

4129 Septic Tank

4130 Sewage

4131 Shock Load

4132 Sludge


4134 Supernatant


4136 Weir

4137 Wet Well


421 Domestic Waste

4211 Organic Waste



4221 Organic Waste





431 Human Health



441 Total Solids








510 Cesspool Uses

520 Operation

530 Additions






630 CapacitySizing

640 Dosing Tanks




671 Health Problems


673 Gas Hazards






750 Mound Latrines


770 Pail Latrine




792 Pipe Urinals

793 Urinal Troughs








930 Testing

940 Trench Width

950 Pipe Size

960 Laying the Pipe

961 Type of Pipe

9611 Fiber Pipe


962 Slope

970 Tile Beds





1010 Water Cycle

1011 Surface Water

1012 Groundwater





10231 Typhoid Fever


10233 Cholera



10236 Diarrhea


10241 Flocculation

10242 Sedimentation

10243 Filtration

10244 Disinfection






102410 Safety







1036 Locating Leaks

1037 Hypochlorites

1038 Ammonia

1039 Sulfur Dioxide




10421 Wells











105111 Equipment


105121 Equipment

105122 Reagents



1052 pH Test

10521 Indicators

10522 Procedures

1053 Salinity Tests


105311 Reagents



105314 Calculations

10532 Hardness Test

105321 Reagents

105322 Procedures

105323 Calculations

10533 Chloride Test

105331 Reagents

105332 Procedures

105333 Calculations

10534 Sulfate Test

1054 Color Test


10551 Equipment

10552 Procedures


1057 Turbidity Test

1058 Records

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 9

Boilers

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



210 Air Cock


230 Blowdown Valves

240 Fusible Plugs

250 Water Column


252 Try Cocks

253 Gauge Glass

260 Safety Valve






311 Straight Tube

312 Bent Tube





324 Firebox Boiler



510 Float Control







630 Draft Gauges




720 Scale

730 Corrosion





753 Test for Tannin




757 Test for pH








814 Sweating








82213 Sulfamic Acid


8222 Inhibitors




823 Boiling Out









917 Fan Maintenance



920 Boiler Tubes


922 Renewing Tubes

923 Removing Tubes

924 Cleaning Tubes




928 Fitting Tubes

929 Expanding Tubes

9210 Belling Tubes










9442 Blowdown


9445 Soot Removal






950 Safety


952 Safe Practices


954 Lockout Devices


9542 Locks


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 10


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



111 Conduit Type

112 Utilidor Type




123 Maintenance



211 Installation

212 Operation

213 Maintenance


221 Installation

222 Operation

223 Maintenance


231 Installation

232 Operation

233 Maintenance


241 Installation

242 Operation

243 Maintenance


310 Radiators


330 Steam Traps

331 Types of Traps

3311 Float Trap


3313 Bucket Trap



3316 Impulse Trap












340 Water Tanks

350 Water Heaters

351 Storage Type





Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 11

Heating Systems

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


110 Theory of Heat

120 Measurement

130 Heat Transfer

131 Conduction

132 Convection

133 Radiation


210 Types of Gases

211 Natural Gas



214 Fuel Oils


310 Unit Heaters

311 Space Heaters




31131 Installation



410 Gravity System











4435 Pilot Light

4436 Thermocouple


4438 Limit Control

4439 Heat Exchanger


44311 Humidifiers




4512 Fuel Unit





45132 Limit Control





45137 Bellows

45138 Bourdon Tube


451310 Thermostat



471 Fuel Oil Firing





481 Troubleshooting


483 Test Equipment

490 Fuel Pump







542 Pressure Gauge


544 Airflow Switch


610 Gravity Systems









631 Pipelines

632 Radiators

6321 Convectors


633 Unit Heaters


635 Reducing Valves









723 Operation


Summary

Review Questions




Chapter 12

Refrigeration

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Nature of Heat

120 Unit of Heat



150 Specific Heat

160 Sensible Heat

170 Latent Heat

180 Total Heat


1100 Pressure




1110 Vaporization

1120 Condensation


210 Components

211 Compressors



212 Condensers




213 Liquid Receiver

214 Evaporators

215 Control Devices






2156 Capillary Tube


2161 Relief Valve





2166 Liquid Line



2169 Suction Line





300 REFRIGERANTS




























731 Evacuation

732 Charging






751 Recovery

752 Recycling

753 Reclaiming



















914 Defrosting


921 Opens

922 Shorts

923 Grounds



1000 LOGS

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 13

Air Conditioning

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Temperature

120 Humidity



130 Purity of Air




220 Heat Pumps

221 Heating Cycle

222 Cooling Cycle

223 Defrost Cycle




232 Controls

233 Condensers






250 Maintenance

251 Coil Cleaning

252 Fan Motors


254 Filters






271 Shutdown

271 Startup

280 Safety Warnings


310 Cooling Towers

311 Natural Draft

312 Inducted Draft

313 Forced Draft



320 Compressors


3211 Open

3212 Semi-sealed

3213 Hermetic

322 Rotary



330 Controls

331 Thermostats

332 Humidistats




336 Step Controller

340 Troubleshooting










461 Flushing Agents




490 Certification



500 DUCTWORK



530 Construction

540 Components


542 Dampers

543 Fire Dampers

544 Fans


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 14


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




120 Industrial Sink






310 Steam Kettles

320 Steam Chests

330 Steam Tables

340 Dishwashers

350 Ranges

360 Field Range

370 Bakery Ovens



410 Types of Units





500 FIRE HYDRANTS























821 Softener Unit



831 Mixers




841 Gravity Filters









861 Chlorination

862 Handling Lime


864 Housekeeping

Summary

Review Questions



APPENDIX I

APPENDIX II

APPENDIX III

UT Back Cover


btnUTILIDOR

dQuestionUTB10KC1a1

dQuestionUTB10KC1a2

dQuestionUTB10KC1a3

dQuestionUTB10KC1a4


btnVOLATILE

btnPYROMETER


dQuestionUTB10PC1a1

dQuestionUTB10PC1a2

dQuestionUTB10PC1a3

dQuestionUTB10PC1a4

dQuestionUTB10PC2a1

dQuestionUTB10PC2a2

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dQuestionUTB10PC8a4

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dQuestionUTB10PC9a3

dQuestionUTB10PC9a4





































































































































txtRate

txtCourse

txtDate

txtChapter

txtNumber

txtDescription

txtCorrection

txtName











Rate____ Course Name_____________________________________________




A9RFE65tmppdf

Instruction Page

UTB Cover

UTB Copyright



Chapter 1


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 BLUEPRINTS




1211 Title Block

1212 Drawing Number

1213 Revision Block


1215 Zone Number



131 Piping Systems

132 Fixtures

133 Fittings


13311 Elbows

13312 Tees

13313 Unions

13314 Gate Valve

13315 Globe Valve


13321 Bend

13322 Sanitary Tee


134 Joints

1341 Screwed Joints




140 Types of Scales

200 PLANS

210 Site Plan


221 Plot Plans

222 Foundation Plan

223 Floor Plan

224 Elevation Plan









243 Plumbing Layout

300 SPECIFICATIONS

















Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 2


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




120 Decimal Rules






130 Rounding Rules

140 Fraction Rules

















160 Area Formulas



1711 45deg Offsets



1714 60deg Offsets






173 Rolled Offsets


210 Safety


221 Current

2211 Effects

22111 Heat




2212 Uses



222 Voltage

2221 Measurement

2222 Source

22221 Chemical

22222 Thermal

22223 Mechanical

2223 Uses

223 Resistance








2242 Ground Circuit

2243 Capacitors

2244 Batteries






311 Power Source

312 Load


3131 Material

3132 Wire Size

314 Insulation

315 Location

316 Wiring Standard

317 Color Codes


320 Circuit Types

321 Series Circuit



330 Ohmrsquos Law


332 Series Circuit



410 Meters

411 Voltmeter

412 Ammeter

413 Ohmmeter

414 Meter Safety

420 Circuit Faults

421 Open

422 Shorts

423 Grounds



431 Diagnosis


433 Localization

434 Isolation

435 Repair

436 Operation





522 Copper Tubing

523 Plastic




531 End to End


533 End to Center

534 End to Back

535 Center to Back

536 Back to Back

537 Face to Face





562 Buried Pipe


600 EXCAVATION



612 Procedures













640 Testing

641 Water Test

642 Air Test

643 Odor Test

650 Backfilling












Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 3


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


110 SOURCES

111 Rainwater

112 Surface Water


1131 Wells








132 Loop System











1442 System Life



14511 Asphalt

14512 Coal Tar





150 Malfunctions


152 Pipe Noise


161 Sizing Factors


163 Materials Used


171 Valves

172 Fittings

173 Specialties

200 WATER SERVICE

210 Trenching

211 Soil Conditions

212 Safety Issues



230 Backfilling




2412 Fittings

2413 Joining

242 Copper Pipe

2421 Bending

2422 Measuring

24221 End to End


24223 End to Center

24224 End to Back


24226 Back to Back

24227 Face to Face





321 Foundations










324 Pneumatic Tanks

325 Appurtenances

326 Grounds


410 Source

420 Pumps13

430 Treatment Plant

440 Piping

450 Control Valves

460 Fire Hydrants

470 Water Usage


510 Tapping Machine









621 Swing Joint

622 Expansion Loop

630 Curb Stop


650 Curb Boxes










810 Lavatories



813 Mounting Board

820 Urinals


822 Cold Water



826 Backing Board

830 Water Closets





840 BathtubsShowers



843 Mixing Valves

844 Header Board




9111 Measuring

9112 Cutting

9113 Fittings

9114 Joining



9122 Cutting

9123 Fittings

9124 Joining

913 Plastic Pipe


9132 Cutting

9133 Fittings

9134 Joining


9136 Testing



922 Testing

9221 Water Test

9222 Air Test

9223 Odor Test

923 Manholes




1011 Soil Pipe

1012 Waste Pipe

1013 Stack

1014 Branch

1015 Building Drain

1016 Building Sewer

1020 Types of Pipes



1023 Brass Pipe


1025 Copper Pipe

1026 Plastic Pipe


1031 Bend

1032 Closet Bend

1033 Wye

1034 Sanitary Tee

1035 Test Tee


1037 Double Tee


1039 Cleanout

1040 Traps

1041 Common P-Trap

1042 Deep P-Trap

1043 Integral Trap

1044 Trap Seal Loss




10444 Evaporation


1051 Stacks

10511 Soil Stack

10512 Waste Stack

1052 Vents

10521 Stack Vent

10522 Vent Stack

10523 Main Vent


10525 Dual Vent

10526 Wet Vent

10527 Loop Vent

10528 Circuit Vent

10529 Relief Vent

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 4


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




111 Wood

1111 Box Type

1121 Frame Type

112 Masonry

113 Metal





124 Working Drawing


131 Rough-In

132 Finish Plumbing




1333 Jigsaw

1334 Hammer Drill

1335 Tin Snips

1336 Brace and Bit

1337 Keyhole Saw



141 Center Cut

142 Over Cut

143 Under Cut

144 Notch







212 Methods

220 Hand Threading

221 Cutting Pipe

222 Reaming

223 Threading

224 Dies

225 Procedures


231 Clean Threads




235 Pipe Nipples












321 PVC Schedule 40

322 PVC Schedule 80




331 Advantages

332 Disadvantages



341 Solvent Welding

342 Fusion Welding

343 Fillet Welding

344 Threaded




4111 Type K

4112 Type L

4113 Type M

4114 Type DWV



4131 Hand Method

4132 Bending Block

4133 Spring Bender



421 Ferrule Joints

422 Flaring

423 Swedging

4231 Procedures



4242 Torch

4243 Solder

4244 Procedures

42441 Silver Solder


440 System Layout

450 Safety



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 5


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Dumpy Level


130 Hand Level



160 Care of Levels

200 LEVELING RODS

210 Direct Readings

220 Target Readings

230 Rod Levels



300 BENCH MARK (BM)




430 Faulty Handling


500 SEWER STAKEOUT




610 Valves

611 Gate Valve

612 Globe Valve

613 Butterfly Valve

614 Altitude Valve

615 Ball Valve

616 Check Valve





6111 Valve Boxes

6112 Gear Boxes


620 Valve Repair



623 Lapping Valves

624 Refacing Valves


700 WATER METERS

710 Meter Dials


800 INSULATION

810 Piping






930 Main Location

940 Valve Location



Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 6

Plumbing Fixtures

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




120 Water Closets

121 Installation


130 Urinals

140 Bidets

150 Sinks

151 Kitchen Sink

152 Service Sink

153 Lavatories

154 Faucets



180 Floor Drains

190 Water Heaters


210 Water Breaks

220 Water Mains



232 Steam Thawing


300 PIPE LEAKS

310 Locating Leaks



400 WATER CLOSETS

410 Flush Tank


500 FLUSHOMETERS



530 Repairs

600 FAUCETS


620 Shower Heads


710 Flushing


730 Cleaning










9114 Thermostat


9116 Tank






9124 Thermostat

9125 Drain Valve









1011 Wall Hung

1012 Counter Top

1013 Pedestal

1014 Trough



1022 Lip Height

1023 Drain

1024 Tailpiece


1031 P-Trap





1051 Supply Lines




1062 Drain




11111 Siphon Jet



11114 Reverse Trap





11311 Flushometers


113121 Wall-Hung





1211 Wall-Hung

1212 Pedestal

1213 Trough

1214 Stall

1220 Traps

1230 Flushometers

1231 Piston

1232 Diaphragm


1241 Wall Hung

1242 Pedestal

1243 Trough

1244 Stall



1247 Tailpiece

1248 Vacuum Breaker

1249 Spud


1251 Piston

1252 Diaphragm





1321 Shower Head

1330 Installation

Procedures

1331 Tub and Shower


1333 Tiled Shower


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 7


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


100 PRIME MOVERS

110 Electric Motors


1111 Lubrication


1113 Safety

1114 Cleanliness




1221 Safety

1222 Cleanliness

200 PUMPS

210 Pump Operation

220 Suction Force


240 Types of Pumps

241 Rotary Pumps












244 Air-Lift Pumps

245 Jet Pumps


251 Piping

2511 Suction Piping




252 Stuffing Box

253 Packing




2541 Single Seal

2542 Double Seal






300 AIR COMPRESSORS

Pressure and Uses





350 Cooling System


370 Engine



391 Piping






Test your Knowledge

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 8


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites





1111 House Sewer

1112 Lateral Sewer

1113 Branch Sewer

1114 Main Sewer

1115 Trunk Sewer


1117 Forced Main


1119 Outfall Sewer

11110 Manhole


11112 Catch Basin



114 Gravity Systems



121 Soil Pipe

122 Waste Pipe



125 Branch

126 Building Drain


210 Stoppages

211 Tree Roots

212 Sand or Gravel

213 GreaseTar


300 HEALTH HAZARDS

310 Atmospheric

320 Bacterial








415 Bacteria






416 Baffle



419 Diffuser

4110 Digester

4111 Disinfection



4114 Distributor

4115 Effluent

4116 Headworks

4117 Imhoff Tank

4118 Influent


4120 Nutrients

4121 Organic Waste

4122 Percolation

4123 Pollution



4126 Scum


4128 Seed Sludge

4129 Septic Tank

4130 Sewage

4131 Shock Load

4132 Sludge


4134 Supernatant


4136 Weir

4137 Wet Well


421 Domestic Waste

4211 Organic Waste



4221 Organic Waste





431 Human Health



441 Total Solids








510 Cesspool Uses

520 Operation

530 Additions






630 CapacitySizing

640 Dosing Tanks




671 Health Problems


673 Gas Hazards






750 Mound Latrines


770 Pail Latrine




792 Pipe Urinals

793 Urinal Troughs








930 Testing

940 Trench Width

950 Pipe Size

960 Laying the Pipe

961 Type of Pipe

9611 Fiber Pipe


962 Slope

970 Tile Beds





1010 Water Cycle

1011 Surface Water

1012 Groundwater





10231 Typhoid Fever


10233 Cholera



10236 Diarrhea


10241 Flocculation

10242 Sedimentation

10243 Filtration

10244 Disinfection






102410 Safety







1036 Locating Leaks

1037 Hypochlorites

1038 Ammonia

1039 Sulfur Dioxide




10421 Wells











105111 Equipment


105121 Equipment

105122 Reagents



1052 pH Test

10521 Indicators

10522 Procedures

1053 Salinity Tests


105311 Reagents



105314 Calculations

10532 Hardness Test

105321 Reagents

105322 Procedures

105323 Calculations

10533 Chloride Test

105331 Reagents

105332 Procedures

105333 Calculations

10534 Sulfate Test

1054 Color Test


10551 Equipment

10552 Procedures


1057 Turbidity Test

1058 Records

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 9

Boilers

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



210 Air Cock


230 Blowdown Valves

240 Fusible Plugs

250 Water Column


252 Try Cocks

253 Gauge Glass

260 Safety Valve






311 Straight Tube

312 Bent Tube





324 Firebox Boiler



510 Float Control







630 Draft Gauges




720 Scale

730 Corrosion





753 Test for Tannin




757 Test for pH








814 Sweating








82213 Sulfamic Acid


8222 Inhibitors




823 Boiling Out









917 Fan Maintenance



920 Boiler Tubes


922 Renewing Tubes

923 Removing Tubes

924 Cleaning Tubes




928 Fitting Tubes

929 Expanding Tubes

9210 Belling Tubes










9442 Blowdown


9445 Soot Removal






950 Safety


952 Safe Practices


954 Lockout Devices


9542 Locks


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 10


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



111 Conduit Type

112 Utilidor Type




123 Maintenance



211 Installation

212 Operation

213 Maintenance


221 Installation

222 Operation

223 Maintenance


231 Installation

232 Operation

233 Maintenance


241 Installation

242 Operation

243 Maintenance


310 Radiators


330 Steam Traps

331 Types of Traps

3311 Float Trap


3313 Bucket Trap



3316 Impulse Trap












340 Water Tanks

350 Water Heaters

351 Storage Type





Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 11

Heating Systems

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites


110 Theory of Heat

120 Measurement

130 Heat Transfer

131 Conduction

132 Convection

133 Radiation


210 Types of Gases

211 Natural Gas



214 Fuel Oils


310 Unit Heaters

311 Space Heaters




31131 Installation



410 Gravity System











4435 Pilot Light

4436 Thermocouple


4438 Limit Control

4439 Heat Exchanger


44311 Humidifiers




4512 Fuel Unit





45132 Limit Control





45137 Bellows

45138 Bourdon Tube


451310 Thermostat



471 Fuel Oil Firing





481 Troubleshooting


483 Test Equipment

490 Fuel Pump







542 Pressure Gauge


544 Airflow Switch


610 Gravity Systems









631 Pipelines

632 Radiators

6321 Convectors


633 Unit Heaters


635 Reducing Valves









723 Operation


Summary

Review Questions




Chapter 12

Refrigeration

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Nature of Heat

120 Unit of Heat



150 Specific Heat

160 Sensible Heat

170 Latent Heat

180 Total Heat


1100 Pressure




1110 Vaporization

1120 Condensation


210 Components

211 Compressors



212 Condensers




213 Liquid Receiver

214 Evaporators

215 Control Devices






2156 Capillary Tube


2161 Relief Valve





2166 Liquid Line



2169 Suction Line





300 REFRIGERANTS




























731 Evacuation

732 Charging






751 Recovery

752 Recycling

753 Reclaiming



















914 Defrosting


921 Opens

922 Shorts

923 Grounds



1000 LOGS

Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 13

Air Conditioning

Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites



110 Temperature

120 Humidity



130 Purity of Air




220 Heat Pumps

221 Heating Cycle

222 Cooling Cycle

223 Defrost Cycle




232 Controls

233 Condensers






250 Maintenance

251 Coil Cleaning

252 Fan Motors


254 Filters






271 Shutdown

271 Startup

280 Safety Warnings


310 Cooling Towers

311 Natural Draft

312 Inducted Draft

313 Forced Draft



320 Compressors


3211 Open

3212 Semi-sealed

3213 Hermetic

322 Rotary



330 Controls

331 Thermostats

332 Humidistats




336 Step Controller

340 Troubleshooting










461 Flushing Agents




490 Certification



500 DUCTWORK



530 Construction

540 Components


542 Dampers

543 Fire Dampers

544 Fans


Summary

Review Questions





Chapter 14


Topics

Overview

Objectives

Prerequisites




120 Industrial Sink






310 Steam Kettles

320 Steam Chests

330 Steam Tables

340 Dishwashers

350 Ranges

360 Field Range

370 Bakery Ovens



410 Types of Units





500 FIRE HYDRANTS























821 Softener Unit



831 Mixers




841 Gravity Filters









861 Chlorination

862 Handling Lime


864 Housekeeping

Summary

Review Questions



APPENDIX I

APPENDIX II

APPENDIX III

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