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Lecture 6 (b)
REL 1280
October 27, 2011
P. C. Lo
Renaissance Art
Outline
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A. Background and Precursors
B. Leonardo da Vinci
C. Michelangelo
D. Raphael
E. Renaissance Popes
Why Florence and Italy?
City state became wealthy as a result of international
trade
Rich merchants commissioned portraits and
“unconventional” paintings
Patronage of the Medici family for art
Art independent from religion; art for art’s sake
Discovery of ancient sculptures “rebirth” of
ancient motifs and styles
Perspectives as exact mathematics
Anatomy of human body copyright P C Lo 3
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Giotto Lamentation
1303-10
Padua
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Masaccio (1401-1428)
The expulsion of Adam
and Eve from the
Garden
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The Tribute Money (c.1425-8)
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Alberti’s perspective aid (by Durer)
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Sandro Botticelli (1444-1510)
Birth of Venus (c.1485)
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Venus (Aphrodite)
Goddess of love, beauty
Venus Pudica (modest Venus)
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Allegory of Spring (Primavera)
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Three Graces
(Greek sculpture)
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Other paintings by Botticelli
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Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
列奧納多‧達文西
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Vitruvian Man
c.1487
1st century AD
Roman
architect and
engineer
Vitruvius
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Man, the measure of all things “Everything that Nature produces is regulated by the law
of harmony” (Alberti) Balance, proportion The human body itself, the “noblest living form,” was
regarded as a model for God’s universe, and the measure from which the wider world could be constructed
“Having considered the right arrangement of the human body, the ancients proportioned all their work, particularly the temples, in accordance with it. In the human body they discovered the two main figures without which it is impossible to achieve anything, namely the perfect circle and the square.”
(Alison Cole, The Renaissance, DK, 1994, p.30)
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The Baptism of
Christ (1448-50)
Piero della
Francesca
where are the centres?
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Virgin on the
Rocks (1485)
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Last Supper 1495-98
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Santa Maria
delle Grazie,
Milan
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Why is this painting so special?
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Castagno, Florence, 1445-50
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Mona Lisa
(c.1503-05)
肖像畫不再是達官貴人專利
暈塗法
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Raphael imitates Leonardo
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惡搞 !
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Michelangelo (1475-1564)
米開朗基羅
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Pietá
1499
age 24
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David
(1501-04)
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Nude or not in Greece
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Donatello
(1386?-1466)
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Savonarola burnt in the same square, 1498
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Anatomy in medicine
(Andreas Vesalius)
1543
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Ancient Greek sculptures
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西斯汀小教堂 Sistine Chapel ceiling, 1508-12
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Old Testament and 9 scenes of Genesis
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Huge collection of male bodies !!
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“Without having seen the Sistine Chapel one can form no
appreciable idea of what one man is capable of achieving.” Johann Wolfgang Goethe, 23 August 1787
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Last Judgement altar wall
Sistine Chapel
1536-41
papal patronage and
Christian motifs again
24 years after he
completed the ceiling
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Christ surrounded by interceding saints
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To
Heaven
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To
heaven
with help
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helped by
Rosary bead (contra
Protestants)
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Dead
person
acquires
new body
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To Hell
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Book of the saved; book of the damned
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Bartholomeow’s
martyrdom Michelangelo’s humility
of painting himself as a
discardable skin
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Staring at us, demons dragging him
down
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肌肉人
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粗豪身軀 年輕臉 坐？站？ 起來辦事？ 眼神向哪邊？
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Raphael (1483-1520)拉斐爾
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Madonna
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Jesus and John the Baptist
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School of Athens (fresco), 1509-10
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Plato (Leonardo
da Vinci)
Timaeus
Aristotle
Ethica
Socrates
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Euclid (Bramante)
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Pythagoras
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Heraclitus (Michelangelo)
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Raphael
himself
Ptolemy
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Stanza della segnatura (“Room of the
Signatura”) 簽署室 Papal library
most of the important papal documents were signed and sealed
Philosophy
Theology
Jurisprudence
Poetry
Harmony of civilization (esp. Greco-Roman)
and Christianity !!
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Popes as patrons of Renaissance
Julius II (1503-13) –
a. Michelangelo and ceiling of Sistine Chapel,1508-12;
b. “Raphael Room” 1509-[1516];
c. decided to build a new St. Peter’s Basilica with a
dome; Bramante, Michelangelo [1590]
Leo X (1513-21) – restored University of Rome;
decided to double the size of St. Peter’s Basilica, 五行欠
水，創意生財
Pope Paul III Farnese (1534-49) -- Michelangelo and
The Last Judgement, Sistine Chapel, 1535-41
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“Renaissance Popes”
the “High Renaissance” (1503-13) – time of papal
rule of Julius II
Papacy’s image was bad; Rome was worn down
To rebuild image expensively without thorough
reform
值得今天中國共產黨政府參考
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1517 Reformation of Martin Luther
Leonardo, age 65
Michelangelo, age 42
Raphael, age 34
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Review
Christianity and Civilization – a mutual, multi-
faceted, fruitful, and sometimes tense,
relationship. Renaissance is a good illustration.
For reflection: Is High Renaissance art essentially
a re-birth of Greco-Roman art?
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October 31
Halloween Hallows’ e’en the eve before All Saints
(Hallows) Day
Reformation Day, Oct 31, 1517