PCBs and PAHs PCBs and PAHs Measurement and EffectsMeasurement and Effects

Presented byPresented by

SURAYYA MUHD LAMIDOSURAYYA MUHD LAMIDO

2012255520122555

ENVS 509 ENVS 509

ADVANCED AIR POLLUTIONADVANCED AIR POLLUTION

THE DOSE MAKES THE POISONTHE DOSE MAKES THE POISON All Substances are poisonous All Substances are poisonous

There is none which is Not a poison There is none which is Not a poison The Right dose differentiate a poison The Right dose differentiate a poison

and a Remedy and a Remedy

Paracelsus (1493-1541)Paracelsus (1493-1541)

POLYCHLORINATED POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLs (PCBs)BIPHENYLs (PCBs)

A mixture of compounds A mixture of compounds containing the biphenyl structure containing the biphenyl structure with varying numbers (ie one to with varying numbers (ie one to

ten) and arrangements of ten) and arrangements of chlorine atom attachedchlorine atom attached

Fully-Chlorinated PCB MoleculeFully-Chlorinated PCB Molecule

STRUCTURE OF PCBsSTRUCTURE OF PCBs

Polychlorinated biphenylsPolychlorinated biphenyls ( (PCBsPCBs) were ) were widely used as widely used as dielectric and and coolant fluids for example in fluids for example in transformers capacitors and and electric motors Due to Due to PCBs environmental PCBs environmental toxicity and and classification as a persistent organic classification as a persistent organic pollutant PCB production was banned by pollutant PCB production was banned by the United States Congress in 1979 and the United States Congress in 1979 and by the Stockholm Convention on by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants in 2001Persistent Organic Pollutants in 2001

THE DOSE MAKES THE POISONTHE DOSE MAKES THE POISON All Substances are poisonous All Substances are poisonous

There is none which is Not a poison There is none which is Not a poison The Right dose differentiate a poison The Right dose differentiate a poison

and a Remedy and a Remedy

Paracelsus (1493-1541)Paracelsus (1493-1541)

POLYCHLORINATED POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLs (PCBs)BIPHENYLs (PCBs)

A mixture of compounds A mixture of compounds containing the biphenyl structure containing the biphenyl structure with varying numbers (ie one to with varying numbers (ie one to

ten) and arrangements of ten) and arrangements of chlorine atom attachedchlorine atom attached

Fully-Chlorinated PCB MoleculeFully-Chlorinated PCB Molecule

STRUCTURE OF PCBsSTRUCTURE OF PCBs

Polychlorinated biphenylsPolychlorinated biphenyls ( (PCBsPCBs) were ) were widely used as widely used as dielectric and and coolant fluids for example in fluids for example in transformers capacitors and and electric motors Due to Due to PCBs environmental PCBs environmental toxicity and and classification as a persistent organic classification as a persistent organic pollutant PCB production was banned by pollutant PCB production was banned by the United States Congress in 1979 and the United States Congress in 1979 and by the Stockholm Convention on by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants in 2001Persistent Organic Pollutants in 2001

POLYCHLORINATED POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLs (PCBs)BIPHENYLs (PCBs)

A mixture of compounds A mixture of compounds containing the biphenyl structure containing the biphenyl structure with varying numbers (ie one to with varying numbers (ie one to

ten) and arrangements of ten) and arrangements of chlorine atom attachedchlorine atom attached

Fully-Chlorinated PCB MoleculeFully-Chlorinated PCB Molecule

STRUCTURE OF PCBsSTRUCTURE OF PCBs

Polychlorinated biphenylsPolychlorinated biphenyls ( (PCBsPCBs) were ) were widely used as widely used as dielectric and and coolant fluids for example in fluids for example in transformers capacitors and and electric motors Due to Due to PCBs environmental PCBs environmental toxicity and and classification as a persistent organic classification as a persistent organic pollutant PCB production was banned by pollutant PCB production was banned by the United States Congress in 1979 and the United States Congress in 1979 and by the Stockholm Convention on by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants in 2001Persistent Organic Pollutants in 2001

Fully-Chlorinated PCB MoleculeFully-Chlorinated PCB Molecule

STRUCTURE OF PCBsSTRUCTURE OF PCBs

Polychlorinated biphenylsPolychlorinated biphenyls ( (PCBsPCBs) were ) were widely used as widely used as dielectric and and coolant fluids for example in fluids for example in transformers capacitors and and electric motors Due to Due to PCBs environmental PCBs environmental toxicity and and classification as a persistent organic classification as a persistent organic pollutant PCB production was banned by pollutant PCB production was banned by the United States Congress in 1979 and the United States Congress in 1979 and by the Stockholm Convention on by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants in 2001Persistent Organic Pollutants in 2001

STRUCTURE OF PCBsSTRUCTURE OF PCBs

Polychlorinated biphenylsPolychlorinated biphenyls ( (PCBsPCBs) were ) were widely used as widely used as dielectric and and coolant fluids for example in fluids for example in transformers capacitors and and electric motors Due to Due to PCBs environmental PCBs environmental toxicity and and classification as a persistent organic classification as a persistent organic pollutant PCB production was banned by pollutant PCB production was banned by the United States Congress in 1979 and the United States Congress in 1979 and by the Stockholm Convention on by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants in 2001Persistent Organic Pollutants in 2001

Polychlorinated biphenylsPolychlorinated biphenyls ( (PCBsPCBs) were ) were widely used as widely used as dielectric and and coolant fluids for example in fluids for example in transformers capacitors and and electric motors Due to Due to PCBs environmental PCBs environmental toxicity and and classification as a persistent organic classification as a persistent organic pollutant PCB production was banned by pollutant PCB production was banned by the United States Congress in 1979 and the United States Congress in 1979 and by the Stockholm Convention on by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants in 2001Persistent Organic Pollutants in 2001

Why Were PCBs BannedWhy Were PCBs Banned

bull bull Persistent in the environmentPersistent in the environment

bull bull Bioaccumulation amp bioconcentrationBioaccumulation amp bioconcentrationeffectseffects

bull bull Found in virtually all human fat tissueFound in virtually all human fat tissue1048707 Humans 2300 ngg 1048707 Humans 2300 ngg 1048707 Human Breast Milk 1200 ngg 1048707 Human Breast Milk 1200 ngg

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PCBsPROPERTIES OF PCBsPHYSICALPHYSICALbullbullOdorless Odorless

bull bull ColorlessColorlessbullbullLow vapor pressureLow vapor pressurebullbullViscous liquid or solidViscous liquid or solid

CHEMICALCHEMICAL Flame Retardant Flame Retardantbull bull Lipophilic (mix easily with oil or fat)Lipophilic (mix easily with oil or fat)bull bull Very Stable Very Stable bullbullLow electrical conductivityLow electrical conductivity

EFFEETS OF PCBsEFFEETS OF PCBs

ACCUTE EFFECTSNo reports of effects in humans following acute (short-term) exposure to PCBs are availableAnimal studies have reported acute effects on the liver kidney and central nervous system from oral exposure to PCBs Acute animal tests in rats have shown PCBs to have moderate acute toxicity from oral exposure

CHRONIC EFFECTS (No cancer)

EPA has not established a Reference Concentration for all PCB mixtures

Chronic inhalation exposure of workers to PCBs has been reported to result in respiratory tract symptoms such as cough and tightness of the chest gastrointestinal effects including anorexia weight loss nausea vomiting and abdominal pain mild liver effects and effects on the skin and eyes such as skin rashes and eye irritation

SIGNSSIGNS

ReproductiveDevelopmental Effects

Human studies are not conclusive on the reproductive effects of PCBs One study of men who were occupationally exposed to PCBs showed no fertility abnormalities while another study of men with low sperm counts found elevated levels of PCBs in the blood and an association between certain PCB compounds in semen and decreased sperm motility

CANCER RISK

Human studies provide inconclusive yet suggestive evidence of an association between PCBs exposure and liver cancer Several studies have reported an increase in liver cancer among persons occupationally exposed to some PCB formulations However the studies are inconclusive due to confounding exposures and lack of exposure quantification

CONThellipCONThellip

No animal inhalation studies are available on the health effects of PCBs PCBs are absorbed through inhalation though indicating that there may be concern for this route of exposure

EPA has classified PCBs as a Group B2 probable human carcinogen

POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONsHYDROCARBONs

(PAHs)(PAHs) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

are a group of chemicals that are formed are a group of chemicals that are formed during the burning of coal oil gas garbage during the burning of coal oil gas garbage tobacco or charbroiled meattobacco or charbroiled meat

PAHs occur naturally or can be man-madePAHs occur naturally or can be man-made

Common PAHsCommon PAHs

AnthraceneAnthracene Benzo(a)pyreneBenzo(a)pyrene ChryseneChrysene FluoreneFluorene PyrenePyrene

STRUCTURE OF PAHsSTRUCTURE OF PAHs

Properties of PAHsProperties of PAHs

Colorless white or paleColorless white or pale

yellow-green solidyellow-green solid Evaporate quickly into Evaporate quickly into

the air when heatedthe air when heated Attach strongly to soil Attach strongly to soil

and other particlesand other particles Break down slowlyBreak down slowly Do not dissolve easily in Do not dissolve easily in

waterwater Do not burn easilyDo not burn easily

How do PAHs get in the How do PAHs get in the EnvironmentEnvironment

PAHs are released to the environment PAHs are released to the environment through natural and man made processes through natural and man made processes Man-made sources contribute far more Man-made sources contribute far more PAHs to the environment than natural PAHs to the environment than natural sourcessources

Man-made SourcesMan-made Sources

Burning of woodBurning of wood Vehicle exhaustVehicle exhaust Grilledsmoked foodsGrilledsmoked foods Cigarette smokeCigarette smoke Asphalt roadsParking lotsAsphalt roadsParking lots Roofingcoal tar productsRoofingcoal tar products Agricultural burningAgricultural burning

Natural SourcesNatural Sources

bull bull Forest fireForest fire

bull bull VolcanoesVolcanoes

PAHs in the EnvironmentPAHs in the Environment

PAHs stick tightly to soil particlesPAHs stick tightly to soil particles Some PAHs evaporate into the air from soil or Some PAHs evaporate into the air from soil or

surface waterssurface waters PAHs in air settle to the ground where they are PAHs in air settle to the ground where they are

deposited on soil plants or in lakes and deposited on soil plants or in lakes and streamsstreams

PAHs stay very close to the surface of the PAHs stay very close to the surface of the ground or move to lakes and streams by a ground or move to lakes and streams by a process called erosionprocess called erosion

PAHs that enter lakes or streams settle to the PAHs that enter lakes or streams settle to the bottom and are buried in sedimentsbottom and are buried in sediments

One of the most common ways PAHs can One of the most common ways PAHs can enter the body is through breathing enter the body is through breathing contaminated air PAHs get into your lungs contaminated air PAHs get into your lungs when you breathe them If you live near a when you breathe them If you live near a hazardous waste site where PAHs are hazardous waste site where PAHs are disposed you are likely to breathe PAHs disposed you are likely to breathe PAHs If you eat or drink food and water If you eat or drink food and water contaminated with PAHs you could be contaminated with PAHs you could be exposedexposed

How can PAHs enter and leave How can PAHs enter and leave your bodyyour body

Exposure to PAHs can also occur if your Exposure to PAHs can also occur if your skin contacts PAH-contaminated soil or skin contacts PAH-contaminated soil or products like heavy oils coal tar roofing products like heavy oils coal tar roofing tar or creosote Creosote is an oily liquid tar or creosote Creosote is an oily liquid found in coal tar and is used to preserve found in coal tar and is used to preserve wood Once in your body PAHs can wood Once in your body PAHs can spread and target fat tissues Target spread and target fat tissues Target organs include the kidneys and liver organs include the kidneys and liver However PAHs will leave your body However PAHs will leave your body through urine and feces in a matter of through urine and feces in a matter of daysdays

EFFECTS ON LABORATORYEFFECTS ON LABORATORYANIMALSANIMALS

Tumors occur in some Tumors occur in some animals exposed for animals exposed for long periods of timelong periods of time

PAHs have been shown PAHs have been shown to have an effect on the to have an effect on the immune system of some immune system of some animalsanimals

EPA considers PAHs to EPA considers PAHs to be probable human be probable human carcinogens (cancer-carcinogens (cancer-causing substances)causing substances)

CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDSORGANIC COMPOUNDS

MEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRMEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRSample and Analysis ApproachSample and Analysis ApproachPCBsPCBsAmbient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted using toluene The extract is concentrated using the using toluene The extract is concentrated using the Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass spectrometryspectrometryDETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3DETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3

Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometryspectrometry

DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3

PAHs

For more informationFor more information

Contact your state health or environmental Contact your state health or environmental department or Agency for Toxic Substances department or Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta Georgia 30333 Georgia 30333

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PCBsPROPERTIES OF PCBsPHYSICALPHYSICALbullbullOdorless Odorless

bull bull ColorlessColorlessbullbullLow vapor pressureLow vapor pressurebullbullViscous liquid or solidViscous liquid or solid

CHEMICALCHEMICAL Flame Retardant Flame Retardantbull bull Lipophilic (mix easily with oil or fat)Lipophilic (mix easily with oil or fat)bull bull Very Stable Very Stable bullbullLow electrical conductivityLow electrical conductivity

EFFEETS OF PCBsEFFEETS OF PCBs

ACCUTE EFFECTSNo reports of effects in humans following acute (short-term) exposure to PCBs are availableAnimal studies have reported acute effects on the liver kidney and central nervous system from oral exposure to PCBs Acute animal tests in rats have shown PCBs to have moderate acute toxicity from oral exposure

CHRONIC EFFECTS (No cancer)

EPA has not established a Reference Concentration for all PCB mixtures

Chronic inhalation exposure of workers to PCBs has been reported to result in respiratory tract symptoms such as cough and tightness of the chest gastrointestinal effects including anorexia weight loss nausea vomiting and abdominal pain mild liver effects and effects on the skin and eyes such as skin rashes and eye irritation

SIGNSSIGNS

ReproductiveDevelopmental Effects

Human studies are not conclusive on the reproductive effects of PCBs One study of men who were occupationally exposed to PCBs showed no fertility abnormalities while another study of men with low sperm counts found elevated levels of PCBs in the blood and an association between certain PCB compounds in semen and decreased sperm motility

CANCER RISK

Human studies provide inconclusive yet suggestive evidence of an association between PCBs exposure and liver cancer Several studies have reported an increase in liver cancer among persons occupationally exposed to some PCB formulations However the studies are inconclusive due to confounding exposures and lack of exposure quantification

CONThellipCONThellip

No animal inhalation studies are available on the health effects of PCBs PCBs are absorbed through inhalation though indicating that there may be concern for this route of exposure

EPA has classified PCBs as a Group B2 probable human carcinogen

POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONsHYDROCARBONs

(PAHs)(PAHs) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

are a group of chemicals that are formed are a group of chemicals that are formed during the burning of coal oil gas garbage during the burning of coal oil gas garbage tobacco or charbroiled meattobacco or charbroiled meat

PAHs occur naturally or can be man-madePAHs occur naturally or can be man-made

Common PAHsCommon PAHs

AnthraceneAnthracene Benzo(a)pyreneBenzo(a)pyrene ChryseneChrysene FluoreneFluorene PyrenePyrene

STRUCTURE OF PAHsSTRUCTURE OF PAHs

Properties of PAHsProperties of PAHs

Colorless white or paleColorless white or pale

yellow-green solidyellow-green solid Evaporate quickly into Evaporate quickly into

the air when heatedthe air when heated Attach strongly to soil Attach strongly to soil

and other particlesand other particles Break down slowlyBreak down slowly Do not dissolve easily in Do not dissolve easily in

waterwater Do not burn easilyDo not burn easily

How do PAHs get in the How do PAHs get in the EnvironmentEnvironment

PAHs are released to the environment PAHs are released to the environment through natural and man made processes through natural and man made processes Man-made sources contribute far more Man-made sources contribute far more PAHs to the environment than natural PAHs to the environment than natural sourcessources

Man-made SourcesMan-made Sources

Burning of woodBurning of wood Vehicle exhaustVehicle exhaust Grilledsmoked foodsGrilledsmoked foods Cigarette smokeCigarette smoke Asphalt roadsParking lotsAsphalt roadsParking lots Roofingcoal tar productsRoofingcoal tar products Agricultural burningAgricultural burning

Natural SourcesNatural Sources

bull bull Forest fireForest fire

bull bull VolcanoesVolcanoes

PAHs in the EnvironmentPAHs in the Environment

PAHs stick tightly to soil particlesPAHs stick tightly to soil particles Some PAHs evaporate into the air from soil or Some PAHs evaporate into the air from soil or

surface waterssurface waters PAHs in air settle to the ground where they are PAHs in air settle to the ground where they are

deposited on soil plants or in lakes and deposited on soil plants or in lakes and streamsstreams

PAHs stay very close to the surface of the PAHs stay very close to the surface of the ground or move to lakes and streams by a ground or move to lakes and streams by a process called erosionprocess called erosion

PAHs that enter lakes or streams settle to the PAHs that enter lakes or streams settle to the bottom and are buried in sedimentsbottom and are buried in sediments

One of the most common ways PAHs can One of the most common ways PAHs can enter the body is through breathing enter the body is through breathing contaminated air PAHs get into your lungs contaminated air PAHs get into your lungs when you breathe them If you live near a when you breathe them If you live near a hazardous waste site where PAHs are hazardous waste site where PAHs are disposed you are likely to breathe PAHs disposed you are likely to breathe PAHs If you eat or drink food and water If you eat or drink food and water contaminated with PAHs you could be contaminated with PAHs you could be exposedexposed

How can PAHs enter and leave How can PAHs enter and leave your bodyyour body

Exposure to PAHs can also occur if your Exposure to PAHs can also occur if your skin contacts PAH-contaminated soil or skin contacts PAH-contaminated soil or products like heavy oils coal tar roofing products like heavy oils coal tar roofing tar or creosote Creosote is an oily liquid tar or creosote Creosote is an oily liquid found in coal tar and is used to preserve found in coal tar and is used to preserve wood Once in your body PAHs can wood Once in your body PAHs can spread and target fat tissues Target spread and target fat tissues Target organs include the kidneys and liver organs include the kidneys and liver However PAHs will leave your body However PAHs will leave your body through urine and feces in a matter of through urine and feces in a matter of daysdays

EFFECTS ON LABORATORYEFFECTS ON LABORATORYANIMALSANIMALS

Tumors occur in some Tumors occur in some animals exposed for animals exposed for long periods of timelong periods of time

PAHs have been shown PAHs have been shown to have an effect on the to have an effect on the immune system of some immune system of some animalsanimals

EPA considers PAHs to EPA considers PAHs to be probable human be probable human carcinogens (cancer-carcinogens (cancer-causing substances)causing substances)

CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDSORGANIC COMPOUNDS

MEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRMEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRSample and Analysis ApproachSample and Analysis ApproachPCBsPCBsAmbient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted using toluene The extract is concentrated using the using toluene The extract is concentrated using the Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass spectrometryspectrometryDETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3DETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3

Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometryspectrometry

DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3

PAHs

For more informationFor more information

Contact your state health or environmental Contact your state health or environmental department or Agency for Toxic Substances department or Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta Georgia 30333 Georgia 30333

EFFEETS OF PCBsEFFEETS OF PCBs

ACCUTE EFFECTSNo reports of effects in humans following acute (short-term) exposure to PCBs are availableAnimal studies have reported acute effects on the liver kidney and central nervous system from oral exposure to PCBs Acute animal tests in rats have shown PCBs to have moderate acute toxicity from oral exposure

CHRONIC EFFECTS (No cancer)

EPA has not established a Reference Concentration for all PCB mixtures

Chronic inhalation exposure of workers to PCBs has been reported to result in respiratory tract symptoms such as cough and tightness of the chest gastrointestinal effects including anorexia weight loss nausea vomiting and abdominal pain mild liver effects and effects on the skin and eyes such as skin rashes and eye irritation

SIGNSSIGNS

ReproductiveDevelopmental Effects

Human studies are not conclusive on the reproductive effects of PCBs One study of men who were occupationally exposed to PCBs showed no fertility abnormalities while another study of men with low sperm counts found elevated levels of PCBs in the blood and an association between certain PCB compounds in semen and decreased sperm motility

CANCER RISK

Human studies provide inconclusive yet suggestive evidence of an association between PCBs exposure and liver cancer Several studies have reported an increase in liver cancer among persons occupationally exposed to some PCB formulations However the studies are inconclusive due to confounding exposures and lack of exposure quantification

CONThellipCONThellip

No animal inhalation studies are available on the health effects of PCBs PCBs are absorbed through inhalation though indicating that there may be concern for this route of exposure

EPA has classified PCBs as a Group B2 probable human carcinogen

POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONsHYDROCARBONs

(PAHs)(PAHs) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

are a group of chemicals that are formed are a group of chemicals that are formed during the burning of coal oil gas garbage during the burning of coal oil gas garbage tobacco or charbroiled meattobacco or charbroiled meat

PAHs occur naturally or can be man-madePAHs occur naturally or can be man-made

Common PAHsCommon PAHs

AnthraceneAnthracene Benzo(a)pyreneBenzo(a)pyrene ChryseneChrysene FluoreneFluorene PyrenePyrene

STRUCTURE OF PAHsSTRUCTURE OF PAHs

Properties of PAHsProperties of PAHs

Colorless white or paleColorless white or pale

yellow-green solidyellow-green solid Evaporate quickly into Evaporate quickly into

the air when heatedthe air when heated Attach strongly to soil Attach strongly to soil

and other particlesand other particles Break down slowlyBreak down slowly Do not dissolve easily in Do not dissolve easily in

waterwater Do not burn easilyDo not burn easily

How do PAHs get in the How do PAHs get in the EnvironmentEnvironment

PAHs are released to the environment PAHs are released to the environment through natural and man made processes through natural and man made processes Man-made sources contribute far more Man-made sources contribute far more PAHs to the environment than natural PAHs to the environment than natural sourcessources

Man-made SourcesMan-made Sources

Burning of woodBurning of wood Vehicle exhaustVehicle exhaust Grilledsmoked foodsGrilledsmoked foods Cigarette smokeCigarette smoke Asphalt roadsParking lotsAsphalt roadsParking lots Roofingcoal tar productsRoofingcoal tar products Agricultural burningAgricultural burning

Natural SourcesNatural Sources

bull bull Forest fireForest fire

bull bull VolcanoesVolcanoes

PAHs in the EnvironmentPAHs in the Environment

PAHs stick tightly to soil particlesPAHs stick tightly to soil particles Some PAHs evaporate into the air from soil or Some PAHs evaporate into the air from soil or

surface waterssurface waters PAHs in air settle to the ground where they are PAHs in air settle to the ground where they are

deposited on soil plants or in lakes and deposited on soil plants or in lakes and streamsstreams

PAHs stay very close to the surface of the PAHs stay very close to the surface of the ground or move to lakes and streams by a ground or move to lakes and streams by a process called erosionprocess called erosion

PAHs that enter lakes or streams settle to the PAHs that enter lakes or streams settle to the bottom and are buried in sedimentsbottom and are buried in sediments

One of the most common ways PAHs can One of the most common ways PAHs can enter the body is through breathing enter the body is through breathing contaminated air PAHs get into your lungs contaminated air PAHs get into your lungs when you breathe them If you live near a when you breathe them If you live near a hazardous waste site where PAHs are hazardous waste site where PAHs are disposed you are likely to breathe PAHs disposed you are likely to breathe PAHs If you eat or drink food and water If you eat or drink food and water contaminated with PAHs you could be contaminated with PAHs you could be exposedexposed

How can PAHs enter and leave How can PAHs enter and leave your bodyyour body

Exposure to PAHs can also occur if your Exposure to PAHs can also occur if your skin contacts PAH-contaminated soil or skin contacts PAH-contaminated soil or products like heavy oils coal tar roofing products like heavy oils coal tar roofing tar or creosote Creosote is an oily liquid tar or creosote Creosote is an oily liquid found in coal tar and is used to preserve found in coal tar and is used to preserve wood Once in your body PAHs can wood Once in your body PAHs can spread and target fat tissues Target spread and target fat tissues Target organs include the kidneys and liver organs include the kidneys and liver However PAHs will leave your body However PAHs will leave your body through urine and feces in a matter of through urine and feces in a matter of daysdays

EFFECTS ON LABORATORYEFFECTS ON LABORATORYANIMALSANIMALS

Tumors occur in some Tumors occur in some animals exposed for animals exposed for long periods of timelong periods of time

PAHs have been shown PAHs have been shown to have an effect on the to have an effect on the immune system of some immune system of some animalsanimals

EPA considers PAHs to EPA considers PAHs to be probable human be probable human carcinogens (cancer-carcinogens (cancer-causing substances)causing substances)

CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDSORGANIC COMPOUNDS

MEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRMEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRSample and Analysis ApproachSample and Analysis ApproachPCBsPCBsAmbient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted using toluene The extract is concentrated using the using toluene The extract is concentrated using the Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass spectrometryspectrometryDETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3DETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3

Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometryspectrometry

DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3

PAHs

For more informationFor more information

Contact your state health or environmental Contact your state health or environmental department or Agency for Toxic Substances department or Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta Georgia 30333 Georgia 30333

CHRONIC EFFECTS (No cancer)

EPA has not established a Reference Concentration for all PCB mixtures

Chronic inhalation exposure of workers to PCBs has been reported to result in respiratory tract symptoms such as cough and tightness of the chest gastrointestinal effects including anorexia weight loss nausea vomiting and abdominal pain mild liver effects and effects on the skin and eyes such as skin rashes and eye irritation

SIGNSSIGNS

ReproductiveDevelopmental Effects

Human studies are not conclusive on the reproductive effects of PCBs One study of men who were occupationally exposed to PCBs showed no fertility abnormalities while another study of men with low sperm counts found elevated levels of PCBs in the blood and an association between certain PCB compounds in semen and decreased sperm motility

CANCER RISK

Human studies provide inconclusive yet suggestive evidence of an association between PCBs exposure and liver cancer Several studies have reported an increase in liver cancer among persons occupationally exposed to some PCB formulations However the studies are inconclusive due to confounding exposures and lack of exposure quantification

CONThellipCONThellip

No animal inhalation studies are available on the health effects of PCBs PCBs are absorbed through inhalation though indicating that there may be concern for this route of exposure

EPA has classified PCBs as a Group B2 probable human carcinogen

POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONsHYDROCARBONs

(PAHs)(PAHs) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

are a group of chemicals that are formed are a group of chemicals that are formed during the burning of coal oil gas garbage during the burning of coal oil gas garbage tobacco or charbroiled meattobacco or charbroiled meat

PAHs occur naturally or can be man-madePAHs occur naturally or can be man-made

Common PAHsCommon PAHs

AnthraceneAnthracene Benzo(a)pyreneBenzo(a)pyrene ChryseneChrysene FluoreneFluorene PyrenePyrene

STRUCTURE OF PAHsSTRUCTURE OF PAHs

Properties of PAHsProperties of PAHs

Colorless white or paleColorless white or pale

yellow-green solidyellow-green solid Evaporate quickly into Evaporate quickly into

the air when heatedthe air when heated Attach strongly to soil Attach strongly to soil

and other particlesand other particles Break down slowlyBreak down slowly Do not dissolve easily in Do not dissolve easily in

waterwater Do not burn easilyDo not burn easily

How do PAHs get in the How do PAHs get in the EnvironmentEnvironment

PAHs are released to the environment PAHs are released to the environment through natural and man made processes through natural and man made processes Man-made sources contribute far more Man-made sources contribute far more PAHs to the environment than natural PAHs to the environment than natural sourcessources

Man-made SourcesMan-made Sources

Burning of woodBurning of wood Vehicle exhaustVehicle exhaust Grilledsmoked foodsGrilledsmoked foods Cigarette smokeCigarette smoke Asphalt roadsParking lotsAsphalt roadsParking lots Roofingcoal tar productsRoofingcoal tar products Agricultural burningAgricultural burning

Natural SourcesNatural Sources

bull bull Forest fireForest fire

bull bull VolcanoesVolcanoes

PAHs in the EnvironmentPAHs in the Environment

PAHs stick tightly to soil particlesPAHs stick tightly to soil particles Some PAHs evaporate into the air from soil or Some PAHs evaporate into the air from soil or

surface waterssurface waters PAHs in air settle to the ground where they are PAHs in air settle to the ground where they are

deposited on soil plants or in lakes and deposited on soil plants or in lakes and streamsstreams

PAHs stay very close to the surface of the PAHs stay very close to the surface of the ground or move to lakes and streams by a ground or move to lakes and streams by a process called erosionprocess called erosion

PAHs that enter lakes or streams settle to the PAHs that enter lakes or streams settle to the bottom and are buried in sedimentsbottom and are buried in sediments

One of the most common ways PAHs can One of the most common ways PAHs can enter the body is through breathing enter the body is through breathing contaminated air PAHs get into your lungs contaminated air PAHs get into your lungs when you breathe them If you live near a when you breathe them If you live near a hazardous waste site where PAHs are hazardous waste site where PAHs are disposed you are likely to breathe PAHs disposed you are likely to breathe PAHs If you eat or drink food and water If you eat or drink food and water contaminated with PAHs you could be contaminated with PAHs you could be exposedexposed

How can PAHs enter and leave How can PAHs enter and leave your bodyyour body

Exposure to PAHs can also occur if your Exposure to PAHs can also occur if your skin contacts PAH-contaminated soil or skin contacts PAH-contaminated soil or products like heavy oils coal tar roofing products like heavy oils coal tar roofing tar or creosote Creosote is an oily liquid tar or creosote Creosote is an oily liquid found in coal tar and is used to preserve found in coal tar and is used to preserve wood Once in your body PAHs can wood Once in your body PAHs can spread and target fat tissues Target spread and target fat tissues Target organs include the kidneys and liver organs include the kidneys and liver However PAHs will leave your body However PAHs will leave your body through urine and feces in a matter of through urine and feces in a matter of daysdays

EFFECTS ON LABORATORYEFFECTS ON LABORATORYANIMALSANIMALS

Tumors occur in some Tumors occur in some animals exposed for animals exposed for long periods of timelong periods of time

PAHs have been shown PAHs have been shown to have an effect on the to have an effect on the immune system of some immune system of some animalsanimals

EPA considers PAHs to EPA considers PAHs to be probable human be probable human carcinogens (cancer-carcinogens (cancer-causing substances)causing substances)

CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDSORGANIC COMPOUNDS

MEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRMEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRSample and Analysis ApproachSample and Analysis ApproachPCBsPCBsAmbient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted using toluene The extract is concentrated using the using toluene The extract is concentrated using the Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass spectrometryspectrometryDETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3DETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3

Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometryspectrometry

DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3

PAHs

For more informationFor more information

Contact your state health or environmental Contact your state health or environmental department or Agency for Toxic Substances department or Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta Georgia 30333 Georgia 30333

SIGNSSIGNS

ReproductiveDevelopmental Effects

Human studies are not conclusive on the reproductive effects of PCBs One study of men who were occupationally exposed to PCBs showed no fertility abnormalities while another study of men with low sperm counts found elevated levels of PCBs in the blood and an association between certain PCB compounds in semen and decreased sperm motility

CANCER RISK

Human studies provide inconclusive yet suggestive evidence of an association between PCBs exposure and liver cancer Several studies have reported an increase in liver cancer among persons occupationally exposed to some PCB formulations However the studies are inconclusive due to confounding exposures and lack of exposure quantification

CONThellipCONThellip

No animal inhalation studies are available on the health effects of PCBs PCBs are absorbed through inhalation though indicating that there may be concern for this route of exposure

EPA has classified PCBs as a Group B2 probable human carcinogen

POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONsHYDROCARBONs

(PAHs)(PAHs) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

are a group of chemicals that are formed are a group of chemicals that are formed during the burning of coal oil gas garbage during the burning of coal oil gas garbage tobacco or charbroiled meattobacco or charbroiled meat

PAHs occur naturally or can be man-madePAHs occur naturally or can be man-made

Common PAHsCommon PAHs

AnthraceneAnthracene Benzo(a)pyreneBenzo(a)pyrene ChryseneChrysene FluoreneFluorene PyrenePyrene

STRUCTURE OF PAHsSTRUCTURE OF PAHs

Properties of PAHsProperties of PAHs

Colorless white or paleColorless white or pale

yellow-green solidyellow-green solid Evaporate quickly into Evaporate quickly into

the air when heatedthe air when heated Attach strongly to soil Attach strongly to soil

and other particlesand other particles Break down slowlyBreak down slowly Do not dissolve easily in Do not dissolve easily in

waterwater Do not burn easilyDo not burn easily

How do PAHs get in the How do PAHs get in the EnvironmentEnvironment

PAHs are released to the environment PAHs are released to the environment through natural and man made processes through natural and man made processes Man-made sources contribute far more Man-made sources contribute far more PAHs to the environment than natural PAHs to the environment than natural sourcessources

Man-made SourcesMan-made Sources

Burning of woodBurning of wood Vehicle exhaustVehicle exhaust Grilledsmoked foodsGrilledsmoked foods Cigarette smokeCigarette smoke Asphalt roadsParking lotsAsphalt roadsParking lots Roofingcoal tar productsRoofingcoal tar products Agricultural burningAgricultural burning

Natural SourcesNatural Sources

bull bull Forest fireForest fire

bull bull VolcanoesVolcanoes

PAHs in the EnvironmentPAHs in the Environment

PAHs stick tightly to soil particlesPAHs stick tightly to soil particles Some PAHs evaporate into the air from soil or Some PAHs evaporate into the air from soil or

surface waterssurface waters PAHs in air settle to the ground where they are PAHs in air settle to the ground where they are

deposited on soil plants or in lakes and deposited on soil plants or in lakes and streamsstreams

PAHs stay very close to the surface of the PAHs stay very close to the surface of the ground or move to lakes and streams by a ground or move to lakes and streams by a process called erosionprocess called erosion

PAHs that enter lakes or streams settle to the PAHs that enter lakes or streams settle to the bottom and are buried in sedimentsbottom and are buried in sediments

One of the most common ways PAHs can One of the most common ways PAHs can enter the body is through breathing enter the body is through breathing contaminated air PAHs get into your lungs contaminated air PAHs get into your lungs when you breathe them If you live near a when you breathe them If you live near a hazardous waste site where PAHs are hazardous waste site where PAHs are disposed you are likely to breathe PAHs disposed you are likely to breathe PAHs If you eat or drink food and water If you eat or drink food and water contaminated with PAHs you could be contaminated with PAHs you could be exposedexposed

How can PAHs enter and leave How can PAHs enter and leave your bodyyour body

Exposure to PAHs can also occur if your Exposure to PAHs can also occur if your skin contacts PAH-contaminated soil or skin contacts PAH-contaminated soil or products like heavy oils coal tar roofing products like heavy oils coal tar roofing tar or creosote Creosote is an oily liquid tar or creosote Creosote is an oily liquid found in coal tar and is used to preserve found in coal tar and is used to preserve wood Once in your body PAHs can wood Once in your body PAHs can spread and target fat tissues Target spread and target fat tissues Target organs include the kidneys and liver organs include the kidneys and liver However PAHs will leave your body However PAHs will leave your body through urine and feces in a matter of through urine and feces in a matter of daysdays

EFFECTS ON LABORATORYEFFECTS ON LABORATORYANIMALSANIMALS

Tumors occur in some Tumors occur in some animals exposed for animals exposed for long periods of timelong periods of time

PAHs have been shown PAHs have been shown to have an effect on the to have an effect on the immune system of some immune system of some animalsanimals

EPA considers PAHs to EPA considers PAHs to be probable human be probable human carcinogens (cancer-carcinogens (cancer-causing substances)causing substances)

CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDSORGANIC COMPOUNDS

MEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRMEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRSample and Analysis ApproachSample and Analysis ApproachPCBsPCBsAmbient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted using toluene The extract is concentrated using the using toluene The extract is concentrated using the Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass spectrometryspectrometryDETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3DETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3

Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometryspectrometry

DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3

PAHs

For more informationFor more information

Contact your state health or environmental Contact your state health or environmental department or Agency for Toxic Substances department or Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta Georgia 30333 Georgia 30333

ReproductiveDevelopmental Effects

Human studies are not conclusive on the reproductive effects of PCBs One study of men who were occupationally exposed to PCBs showed no fertility abnormalities while another study of men with low sperm counts found elevated levels of PCBs in the blood and an association between certain PCB compounds in semen and decreased sperm motility

CANCER RISK

Human studies provide inconclusive yet suggestive evidence of an association between PCBs exposure and liver cancer Several studies have reported an increase in liver cancer among persons occupationally exposed to some PCB formulations However the studies are inconclusive due to confounding exposures and lack of exposure quantification

CONThellipCONThellip

No animal inhalation studies are available on the health effects of PCBs PCBs are absorbed through inhalation though indicating that there may be concern for this route of exposure

EPA has classified PCBs as a Group B2 probable human carcinogen

POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONsHYDROCARBONs

(PAHs)(PAHs) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

are a group of chemicals that are formed are a group of chemicals that are formed during the burning of coal oil gas garbage during the burning of coal oil gas garbage tobacco or charbroiled meattobacco or charbroiled meat

PAHs occur naturally or can be man-madePAHs occur naturally or can be man-made

Common PAHsCommon PAHs

AnthraceneAnthracene Benzo(a)pyreneBenzo(a)pyrene ChryseneChrysene FluoreneFluorene PyrenePyrene

STRUCTURE OF PAHsSTRUCTURE OF PAHs

Properties of PAHsProperties of PAHs

Colorless white or paleColorless white or pale

yellow-green solidyellow-green solid Evaporate quickly into Evaporate quickly into

the air when heatedthe air when heated Attach strongly to soil Attach strongly to soil

and other particlesand other particles Break down slowlyBreak down slowly Do not dissolve easily in Do not dissolve easily in

waterwater Do not burn easilyDo not burn easily

How do PAHs get in the How do PAHs get in the EnvironmentEnvironment

PAHs are released to the environment PAHs are released to the environment through natural and man made processes through natural and man made processes Man-made sources contribute far more Man-made sources contribute far more PAHs to the environment than natural PAHs to the environment than natural sourcessources

Man-made SourcesMan-made Sources

Burning of woodBurning of wood Vehicle exhaustVehicle exhaust Grilledsmoked foodsGrilledsmoked foods Cigarette smokeCigarette smoke Asphalt roadsParking lotsAsphalt roadsParking lots Roofingcoal tar productsRoofingcoal tar products Agricultural burningAgricultural burning

Natural SourcesNatural Sources

bull bull Forest fireForest fire

bull bull VolcanoesVolcanoes

PAHs in the EnvironmentPAHs in the Environment

PAHs stick tightly to soil particlesPAHs stick tightly to soil particles Some PAHs evaporate into the air from soil or Some PAHs evaporate into the air from soil or

surface waterssurface waters PAHs in air settle to the ground where they are PAHs in air settle to the ground where they are

deposited on soil plants or in lakes and deposited on soil plants or in lakes and streamsstreams

PAHs stay very close to the surface of the PAHs stay very close to the surface of the ground or move to lakes and streams by a ground or move to lakes and streams by a process called erosionprocess called erosion

PAHs that enter lakes or streams settle to the PAHs that enter lakes or streams settle to the bottom and are buried in sedimentsbottom and are buried in sediments

One of the most common ways PAHs can One of the most common ways PAHs can enter the body is through breathing enter the body is through breathing contaminated air PAHs get into your lungs contaminated air PAHs get into your lungs when you breathe them If you live near a when you breathe them If you live near a hazardous waste site where PAHs are hazardous waste site where PAHs are disposed you are likely to breathe PAHs disposed you are likely to breathe PAHs If you eat or drink food and water If you eat or drink food and water contaminated with PAHs you could be contaminated with PAHs you could be exposedexposed

How can PAHs enter and leave How can PAHs enter and leave your bodyyour body

Exposure to PAHs can also occur if your Exposure to PAHs can also occur if your skin contacts PAH-contaminated soil or skin contacts PAH-contaminated soil or products like heavy oils coal tar roofing products like heavy oils coal tar roofing tar or creosote Creosote is an oily liquid tar or creosote Creosote is an oily liquid found in coal tar and is used to preserve found in coal tar and is used to preserve wood Once in your body PAHs can wood Once in your body PAHs can spread and target fat tissues Target spread and target fat tissues Target organs include the kidneys and liver organs include the kidneys and liver However PAHs will leave your body However PAHs will leave your body through urine and feces in a matter of through urine and feces in a matter of daysdays

EFFECTS ON LABORATORYEFFECTS ON LABORATORYANIMALSANIMALS

Tumors occur in some Tumors occur in some animals exposed for animals exposed for long periods of timelong periods of time

PAHs have been shown PAHs have been shown to have an effect on the to have an effect on the immune system of some immune system of some animalsanimals

EPA considers PAHs to EPA considers PAHs to be probable human be probable human carcinogens (cancer-carcinogens (cancer-causing substances)causing substances)

CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDSORGANIC COMPOUNDS

MEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRMEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRSample and Analysis ApproachSample and Analysis ApproachPCBsPCBsAmbient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted using toluene The extract is concentrated using the using toluene The extract is concentrated using the Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass spectrometryspectrometryDETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3DETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3

Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometryspectrometry

DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3

PAHs

For more informationFor more information

Contact your state health or environmental Contact your state health or environmental department or Agency for Toxic Substances department or Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta Georgia 30333 Georgia 30333

CANCER RISK

Human studies provide inconclusive yet suggestive evidence of an association between PCBs exposure and liver cancer Several studies have reported an increase in liver cancer among persons occupationally exposed to some PCB formulations However the studies are inconclusive due to confounding exposures and lack of exposure quantification

CONThellipCONThellip

No animal inhalation studies are available on the health effects of PCBs PCBs are absorbed through inhalation though indicating that there may be concern for this route of exposure

EPA has classified PCBs as a Group B2 probable human carcinogen

POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONsHYDROCARBONs

(PAHs)(PAHs) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

are a group of chemicals that are formed are a group of chemicals that are formed during the burning of coal oil gas garbage during the burning of coal oil gas garbage tobacco or charbroiled meattobacco or charbroiled meat

PAHs occur naturally or can be man-madePAHs occur naturally or can be man-made

Common PAHsCommon PAHs

AnthraceneAnthracene Benzo(a)pyreneBenzo(a)pyrene ChryseneChrysene FluoreneFluorene PyrenePyrene

STRUCTURE OF PAHsSTRUCTURE OF PAHs

Properties of PAHsProperties of PAHs

Colorless white or paleColorless white or pale

yellow-green solidyellow-green solid Evaporate quickly into Evaporate quickly into

the air when heatedthe air when heated Attach strongly to soil Attach strongly to soil

and other particlesand other particles Break down slowlyBreak down slowly Do not dissolve easily in Do not dissolve easily in

waterwater Do not burn easilyDo not burn easily

How do PAHs get in the How do PAHs get in the EnvironmentEnvironment

PAHs are released to the environment PAHs are released to the environment through natural and man made processes through natural and man made processes Man-made sources contribute far more Man-made sources contribute far more PAHs to the environment than natural PAHs to the environment than natural sourcessources

Man-made SourcesMan-made Sources

Burning of woodBurning of wood Vehicle exhaustVehicle exhaust Grilledsmoked foodsGrilledsmoked foods Cigarette smokeCigarette smoke Asphalt roadsParking lotsAsphalt roadsParking lots Roofingcoal tar productsRoofingcoal tar products Agricultural burningAgricultural burning

Natural SourcesNatural Sources

bull bull Forest fireForest fire

bull bull VolcanoesVolcanoes

PAHs in the EnvironmentPAHs in the Environment

PAHs stick tightly to soil particlesPAHs stick tightly to soil particles Some PAHs evaporate into the air from soil or Some PAHs evaporate into the air from soil or

surface waterssurface waters PAHs in air settle to the ground where they are PAHs in air settle to the ground where they are

deposited on soil plants or in lakes and deposited on soil plants or in lakes and streamsstreams

PAHs stay very close to the surface of the PAHs stay very close to the surface of the ground or move to lakes and streams by a ground or move to lakes and streams by a process called erosionprocess called erosion

PAHs that enter lakes or streams settle to the PAHs that enter lakes or streams settle to the bottom and are buried in sedimentsbottom and are buried in sediments

One of the most common ways PAHs can One of the most common ways PAHs can enter the body is through breathing enter the body is through breathing contaminated air PAHs get into your lungs contaminated air PAHs get into your lungs when you breathe them If you live near a when you breathe them If you live near a hazardous waste site where PAHs are hazardous waste site where PAHs are disposed you are likely to breathe PAHs disposed you are likely to breathe PAHs If you eat or drink food and water If you eat or drink food and water contaminated with PAHs you could be contaminated with PAHs you could be exposedexposed

How can PAHs enter and leave How can PAHs enter and leave your bodyyour body

Exposure to PAHs can also occur if your Exposure to PAHs can also occur if your skin contacts PAH-contaminated soil or skin contacts PAH-contaminated soil or products like heavy oils coal tar roofing products like heavy oils coal tar roofing tar or creosote Creosote is an oily liquid tar or creosote Creosote is an oily liquid found in coal tar and is used to preserve found in coal tar and is used to preserve wood Once in your body PAHs can wood Once in your body PAHs can spread and target fat tissues Target spread and target fat tissues Target organs include the kidneys and liver organs include the kidneys and liver However PAHs will leave your body However PAHs will leave your body through urine and feces in a matter of through urine and feces in a matter of daysdays

EFFECTS ON LABORATORYEFFECTS ON LABORATORYANIMALSANIMALS

Tumors occur in some Tumors occur in some animals exposed for animals exposed for long periods of timelong periods of time

PAHs have been shown PAHs have been shown to have an effect on the to have an effect on the immune system of some immune system of some animalsanimals

EPA considers PAHs to EPA considers PAHs to be probable human be probable human carcinogens (cancer-carcinogens (cancer-causing substances)causing substances)

CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDSORGANIC COMPOUNDS

MEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRMEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRSample and Analysis ApproachSample and Analysis ApproachPCBsPCBsAmbient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted using toluene The extract is concentrated using the using toluene The extract is concentrated using the Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass spectrometryspectrometryDETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3DETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3

Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometryspectrometry

DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3

PAHs

For more informationFor more information

Contact your state health or environmental Contact your state health or environmental department or Agency for Toxic Substances department or Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta Georgia 30333 Georgia 30333

CONThellipCONThellip

No animal inhalation studies are available on the health effects of PCBs PCBs are absorbed through inhalation though indicating that there may be concern for this route of exposure

EPA has classified PCBs as a Group B2 probable human carcinogen

POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONsHYDROCARBONs

(PAHs)(PAHs) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

are a group of chemicals that are formed are a group of chemicals that are formed during the burning of coal oil gas garbage during the burning of coal oil gas garbage tobacco or charbroiled meattobacco or charbroiled meat

PAHs occur naturally or can be man-madePAHs occur naturally or can be man-made

Common PAHsCommon PAHs

AnthraceneAnthracene Benzo(a)pyreneBenzo(a)pyrene ChryseneChrysene FluoreneFluorene PyrenePyrene

STRUCTURE OF PAHsSTRUCTURE OF PAHs

Properties of PAHsProperties of PAHs

Colorless white or paleColorless white or pale

yellow-green solidyellow-green solid Evaporate quickly into Evaporate quickly into

the air when heatedthe air when heated Attach strongly to soil Attach strongly to soil

and other particlesand other particles Break down slowlyBreak down slowly Do not dissolve easily in Do not dissolve easily in

waterwater Do not burn easilyDo not burn easily

How do PAHs get in the How do PAHs get in the EnvironmentEnvironment

PAHs are released to the environment PAHs are released to the environment through natural and man made processes through natural and man made processes Man-made sources contribute far more Man-made sources contribute far more PAHs to the environment than natural PAHs to the environment than natural sourcessources

Man-made SourcesMan-made Sources

Burning of woodBurning of wood Vehicle exhaustVehicle exhaust Grilledsmoked foodsGrilledsmoked foods Cigarette smokeCigarette smoke Asphalt roadsParking lotsAsphalt roadsParking lots Roofingcoal tar productsRoofingcoal tar products Agricultural burningAgricultural burning

Natural SourcesNatural Sources

bull bull Forest fireForest fire

bull bull VolcanoesVolcanoes

PAHs in the EnvironmentPAHs in the Environment

PAHs stick tightly to soil particlesPAHs stick tightly to soil particles Some PAHs evaporate into the air from soil or Some PAHs evaporate into the air from soil or

surface waterssurface waters PAHs in air settle to the ground where they are PAHs in air settle to the ground where they are

deposited on soil plants or in lakes and deposited on soil plants or in lakes and streamsstreams

PAHs stay very close to the surface of the PAHs stay very close to the surface of the ground or move to lakes and streams by a ground or move to lakes and streams by a process called erosionprocess called erosion

PAHs that enter lakes or streams settle to the PAHs that enter lakes or streams settle to the bottom and are buried in sedimentsbottom and are buried in sediments

One of the most common ways PAHs can One of the most common ways PAHs can enter the body is through breathing enter the body is through breathing contaminated air PAHs get into your lungs contaminated air PAHs get into your lungs when you breathe them If you live near a when you breathe them If you live near a hazardous waste site where PAHs are hazardous waste site where PAHs are disposed you are likely to breathe PAHs disposed you are likely to breathe PAHs If you eat or drink food and water If you eat or drink food and water contaminated with PAHs you could be contaminated with PAHs you could be exposedexposed

How can PAHs enter and leave How can PAHs enter and leave your bodyyour body

Exposure to PAHs can also occur if your Exposure to PAHs can also occur if your skin contacts PAH-contaminated soil or skin contacts PAH-contaminated soil or products like heavy oils coal tar roofing products like heavy oils coal tar roofing tar or creosote Creosote is an oily liquid tar or creosote Creosote is an oily liquid found in coal tar and is used to preserve found in coal tar and is used to preserve wood Once in your body PAHs can wood Once in your body PAHs can spread and target fat tissues Target spread and target fat tissues Target organs include the kidneys and liver organs include the kidneys and liver However PAHs will leave your body However PAHs will leave your body through urine and feces in a matter of through urine and feces in a matter of daysdays

EFFECTS ON LABORATORYEFFECTS ON LABORATORYANIMALSANIMALS

Tumors occur in some Tumors occur in some animals exposed for animals exposed for long periods of timelong periods of time

PAHs have been shown PAHs have been shown to have an effect on the to have an effect on the immune system of some immune system of some animalsanimals

EPA considers PAHs to EPA considers PAHs to be probable human be probable human carcinogens (cancer-carcinogens (cancer-causing substances)causing substances)

CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDSORGANIC COMPOUNDS

MEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRMEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRSample and Analysis ApproachSample and Analysis ApproachPCBsPCBsAmbient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted using toluene The extract is concentrated using the using toluene The extract is concentrated using the Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass spectrometryspectrometryDETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3DETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3

Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometryspectrometry

DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3

PAHs

For more informationFor more information

Contact your state health or environmental Contact your state health or environmental department or Agency for Toxic Substances department or Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta Georgia 30333 Georgia 30333

POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONsHYDROCARBONs

(PAHs)(PAHs) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

are a group of chemicals that are formed are a group of chemicals that are formed during the burning of coal oil gas garbage during the burning of coal oil gas garbage tobacco or charbroiled meattobacco or charbroiled meat

PAHs occur naturally or can be man-madePAHs occur naturally or can be man-made

Common PAHsCommon PAHs

AnthraceneAnthracene Benzo(a)pyreneBenzo(a)pyrene ChryseneChrysene FluoreneFluorene PyrenePyrene

STRUCTURE OF PAHsSTRUCTURE OF PAHs

Properties of PAHsProperties of PAHs

Colorless white or paleColorless white or pale

yellow-green solidyellow-green solid Evaporate quickly into Evaporate quickly into

the air when heatedthe air when heated Attach strongly to soil Attach strongly to soil

and other particlesand other particles Break down slowlyBreak down slowly Do not dissolve easily in Do not dissolve easily in

waterwater Do not burn easilyDo not burn easily

How do PAHs get in the How do PAHs get in the EnvironmentEnvironment

PAHs are released to the environment PAHs are released to the environment through natural and man made processes through natural and man made processes Man-made sources contribute far more Man-made sources contribute far more PAHs to the environment than natural PAHs to the environment than natural sourcessources

Man-made SourcesMan-made Sources

Burning of woodBurning of wood Vehicle exhaustVehicle exhaust Grilledsmoked foodsGrilledsmoked foods Cigarette smokeCigarette smoke Asphalt roadsParking lotsAsphalt roadsParking lots Roofingcoal tar productsRoofingcoal tar products Agricultural burningAgricultural burning

Natural SourcesNatural Sources

bull bull Forest fireForest fire

bull bull VolcanoesVolcanoes

PAHs in the EnvironmentPAHs in the Environment

PAHs stick tightly to soil particlesPAHs stick tightly to soil particles Some PAHs evaporate into the air from soil or Some PAHs evaporate into the air from soil or

surface waterssurface waters PAHs in air settle to the ground where they are PAHs in air settle to the ground where they are

deposited on soil plants or in lakes and deposited on soil plants or in lakes and streamsstreams

PAHs stay very close to the surface of the PAHs stay very close to the surface of the ground or move to lakes and streams by a ground or move to lakes and streams by a process called erosionprocess called erosion

PAHs that enter lakes or streams settle to the PAHs that enter lakes or streams settle to the bottom and are buried in sedimentsbottom and are buried in sediments

One of the most common ways PAHs can One of the most common ways PAHs can enter the body is through breathing enter the body is through breathing contaminated air PAHs get into your lungs contaminated air PAHs get into your lungs when you breathe them If you live near a when you breathe them If you live near a hazardous waste site where PAHs are hazardous waste site where PAHs are disposed you are likely to breathe PAHs disposed you are likely to breathe PAHs If you eat or drink food and water If you eat or drink food and water contaminated with PAHs you could be contaminated with PAHs you could be exposedexposed

How can PAHs enter and leave How can PAHs enter and leave your bodyyour body

Exposure to PAHs can also occur if your Exposure to PAHs can also occur if your skin contacts PAH-contaminated soil or skin contacts PAH-contaminated soil or products like heavy oils coal tar roofing products like heavy oils coal tar roofing tar or creosote Creosote is an oily liquid tar or creosote Creosote is an oily liquid found in coal tar and is used to preserve found in coal tar and is used to preserve wood Once in your body PAHs can wood Once in your body PAHs can spread and target fat tissues Target spread and target fat tissues Target organs include the kidneys and liver organs include the kidneys and liver However PAHs will leave your body However PAHs will leave your body through urine and feces in a matter of through urine and feces in a matter of daysdays

EFFECTS ON LABORATORYEFFECTS ON LABORATORYANIMALSANIMALS

Tumors occur in some Tumors occur in some animals exposed for animals exposed for long periods of timelong periods of time

PAHs have been shown PAHs have been shown to have an effect on the to have an effect on the immune system of some immune system of some animalsanimals

EPA considers PAHs to EPA considers PAHs to be probable human be probable human carcinogens (cancer-carcinogens (cancer-causing substances)causing substances)

CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDSORGANIC COMPOUNDS

MEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRMEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRSample and Analysis ApproachSample and Analysis ApproachPCBsPCBsAmbient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted using toluene The extract is concentrated using the using toluene The extract is concentrated using the Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass spectrometryspectrometryDETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3DETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3

Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometryspectrometry

DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3

PAHs

For more informationFor more information

Contact your state health or environmental Contact your state health or environmental department or Agency for Toxic Substances department or Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta Georgia 30333 Georgia 30333

Common PAHsCommon PAHs

AnthraceneAnthracene Benzo(a)pyreneBenzo(a)pyrene ChryseneChrysene FluoreneFluorene PyrenePyrene

STRUCTURE OF PAHsSTRUCTURE OF PAHs

Properties of PAHsProperties of PAHs

Colorless white or paleColorless white or pale

yellow-green solidyellow-green solid Evaporate quickly into Evaporate quickly into

the air when heatedthe air when heated Attach strongly to soil Attach strongly to soil

and other particlesand other particles Break down slowlyBreak down slowly Do not dissolve easily in Do not dissolve easily in

waterwater Do not burn easilyDo not burn easily

How do PAHs get in the How do PAHs get in the EnvironmentEnvironment

PAHs are released to the environment PAHs are released to the environment through natural and man made processes through natural and man made processes Man-made sources contribute far more Man-made sources contribute far more PAHs to the environment than natural PAHs to the environment than natural sourcessources

Man-made SourcesMan-made Sources

Burning of woodBurning of wood Vehicle exhaustVehicle exhaust Grilledsmoked foodsGrilledsmoked foods Cigarette smokeCigarette smoke Asphalt roadsParking lotsAsphalt roadsParking lots Roofingcoal tar productsRoofingcoal tar products Agricultural burningAgricultural burning

Natural SourcesNatural Sources

bull bull Forest fireForest fire

bull bull VolcanoesVolcanoes

PAHs in the EnvironmentPAHs in the Environment

PAHs stick tightly to soil particlesPAHs stick tightly to soil particles Some PAHs evaporate into the air from soil or Some PAHs evaporate into the air from soil or

surface waterssurface waters PAHs in air settle to the ground where they are PAHs in air settle to the ground where they are

deposited on soil plants or in lakes and deposited on soil plants or in lakes and streamsstreams

PAHs stay very close to the surface of the PAHs stay very close to the surface of the ground or move to lakes and streams by a ground or move to lakes and streams by a process called erosionprocess called erosion

PAHs that enter lakes or streams settle to the PAHs that enter lakes or streams settle to the bottom and are buried in sedimentsbottom and are buried in sediments

One of the most common ways PAHs can One of the most common ways PAHs can enter the body is through breathing enter the body is through breathing contaminated air PAHs get into your lungs contaminated air PAHs get into your lungs when you breathe them If you live near a when you breathe them If you live near a hazardous waste site where PAHs are hazardous waste site where PAHs are disposed you are likely to breathe PAHs disposed you are likely to breathe PAHs If you eat or drink food and water If you eat or drink food and water contaminated with PAHs you could be contaminated with PAHs you could be exposedexposed

How can PAHs enter and leave How can PAHs enter and leave your bodyyour body

Exposure to PAHs can also occur if your Exposure to PAHs can also occur if your skin contacts PAH-contaminated soil or skin contacts PAH-contaminated soil or products like heavy oils coal tar roofing products like heavy oils coal tar roofing tar or creosote Creosote is an oily liquid tar or creosote Creosote is an oily liquid found in coal tar and is used to preserve found in coal tar and is used to preserve wood Once in your body PAHs can wood Once in your body PAHs can spread and target fat tissues Target spread and target fat tissues Target organs include the kidneys and liver organs include the kidneys and liver However PAHs will leave your body However PAHs will leave your body through urine and feces in a matter of through urine and feces in a matter of daysdays

EFFECTS ON LABORATORYEFFECTS ON LABORATORYANIMALSANIMALS

Tumors occur in some Tumors occur in some animals exposed for animals exposed for long periods of timelong periods of time

PAHs have been shown PAHs have been shown to have an effect on the to have an effect on the immune system of some immune system of some animalsanimals

EPA considers PAHs to EPA considers PAHs to be probable human be probable human carcinogens (cancer-carcinogens (cancer-causing substances)causing substances)

CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDSORGANIC COMPOUNDS

MEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRMEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRSample and Analysis ApproachSample and Analysis ApproachPCBsPCBsAmbient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted using toluene The extract is concentrated using the using toluene The extract is concentrated using the Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass spectrometryspectrometryDETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3DETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3

Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometryspectrometry

DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3

PAHs

For more informationFor more information

Contact your state health or environmental Contact your state health or environmental department or Agency for Toxic Substances department or Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta Georgia 30333 Georgia 30333

STRUCTURE OF PAHsSTRUCTURE OF PAHs

Properties of PAHsProperties of PAHs

Colorless white or paleColorless white or pale

yellow-green solidyellow-green solid Evaporate quickly into Evaporate quickly into

the air when heatedthe air when heated Attach strongly to soil Attach strongly to soil

and other particlesand other particles Break down slowlyBreak down slowly Do not dissolve easily in Do not dissolve easily in

waterwater Do not burn easilyDo not burn easily

How do PAHs get in the How do PAHs get in the EnvironmentEnvironment

PAHs are released to the environment PAHs are released to the environment through natural and man made processes through natural and man made processes Man-made sources contribute far more Man-made sources contribute far more PAHs to the environment than natural PAHs to the environment than natural sourcessources

Man-made SourcesMan-made Sources

Burning of woodBurning of wood Vehicle exhaustVehicle exhaust Grilledsmoked foodsGrilledsmoked foods Cigarette smokeCigarette smoke Asphalt roadsParking lotsAsphalt roadsParking lots Roofingcoal tar productsRoofingcoal tar products Agricultural burningAgricultural burning

Natural SourcesNatural Sources

bull bull Forest fireForest fire

bull bull VolcanoesVolcanoes

PAHs in the EnvironmentPAHs in the Environment

PAHs stick tightly to soil particlesPAHs stick tightly to soil particles Some PAHs evaporate into the air from soil or Some PAHs evaporate into the air from soil or

surface waterssurface waters PAHs in air settle to the ground where they are PAHs in air settle to the ground where they are

deposited on soil plants or in lakes and deposited on soil plants or in lakes and streamsstreams

PAHs stay very close to the surface of the PAHs stay very close to the surface of the ground or move to lakes and streams by a ground or move to lakes and streams by a process called erosionprocess called erosion

PAHs that enter lakes or streams settle to the PAHs that enter lakes or streams settle to the bottom and are buried in sedimentsbottom and are buried in sediments

One of the most common ways PAHs can One of the most common ways PAHs can enter the body is through breathing enter the body is through breathing contaminated air PAHs get into your lungs contaminated air PAHs get into your lungs when you breathe them If you live near a when you breathe them If you live near a hazardous waste site where PAHs are hazardous waste site where PAHs are disposed you are likely to breathe PAHs disposed you are likely to breathe PAHs If you eat or drink food and water If you eat or drink food and water contaminated with PAHs you could be contaminated with PAHs you could be exposedexposed

How can PAHs enter and leave How can PAHs enter and leave your bodyyour body

Exposure to PAHs can also occur if your Exposure to PAHs can also occur if your skin contacts PAH-contaminated soil or skin contacts PAH-contaminated soil or products like heavy oils coal tar roofing products like heavy oils coal tar roofing tar or creosote Creosote is an oily liquid tar or creosote Creosote is an oily liquid found in coal tar and is used to preserve found in coal tar and is used to preserve wood Once in your body PAHs can wood Once in your body PAHs can spread and target fat tissues Target spread and target fat tissues Target organs include the kidneys and liver organs include the kidneys and liver However PAHs will leave your body However PAHs will leave your body through urine and feces in a matter of through urine and feces in a matter of daysdays

EFFECTS ON LABORATORYEFFECTS ON LABORATORYANIMALSANIMALS

Tumors occur in some Tumors occur in some animals exposed for animals exposed for long periods of timelong periods of time

PAHs have been shown PAHs have been shown to have an effect on the to have an effect on the immune system of some immune system of some animalsanimals

EPA considers PAHs to EPA considers PAHs to be probable human be probable human carcinogens (cancer-carcinogens (cancer-causing substances)causing substances)

CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDSORGANIC COMPOUNDS

MEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRMEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRSample and Analysis ApproachSample and Analysis ApproachPCBsPCBsAmbient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted using toluene The extract is concentrated using the using toluene The extract is concentrated using the Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass spectrometryspectrometryDETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3DETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3

Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometryspectrometry

DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3

PAHs

For more informationFor more information

Contact your state health or environmental Contact your state health or environmental department or Agency for Toxic Substances department or Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta Georgia 30333 Georgia 30333

Properties of PAHsProperties of PAHs

Colorless white or paleColorless white or pale

yellow-green solidyellow-green solid Evaporate quickly into Evaporate quickly into

the air when heatedthe air when heated Attach strongly to soil Attach strongly to soil

and other particlesand other particles Break down slowlyBreak down slowly Do not dissolve easily in Do not dissolve easily in

waterwater Do not burn easilyDo not burn easily

How do PAHs get in the How do PAHs get in the EnvironmentEnvironment

PAHs are released to the environment PAHs are released to the environment through natural and man made processes through natural and man made processes Man-made sources contribute far more Man-made sources contribute far more PAHs to the environment than natural PAHs to the environment than natural sourcessources

Man-made SourcesMan-made Sources

Burning of woodBurning of wood Vehicle exhaustVehicle exhaust Grilledsmoked foodsGrilledsmoked foods Cigarette smokeCigarette smoke Asphalt roadsParking lotsAsphalt roadsParking lots Roofingcoal tar productsRoofingcoal tar products Agricultural burningAgricultural burning

Natural SourcesNatural Sources

bull bull Forest fireForest fire

bull bull VolcanoesVolcanoes

PAHs in the EnvironmentPAHs in the Environment

PAHs stick tightly to soil particlesPAHs stick tightly to soil particles Some PAHs evaporate into the air from soil or Some PAHs evaporate into the air from soil or

surface waterssurface waters PAHs in air settle to the ground where they are PAHs in air settle to the ground where they are

deposited on soil plants or in lakes and deposited on soil plants or in lakes and streamsstreams

PAHs stay very close to the surface of the PAHs stay very close to the surface of the ground or move to lakes and streams by a ground or move to lakes and streams by a process called erosionprocess called erosion

PAHs that enter lakes or streams settle to the PAHs that enter lakes or streams settle to the bottom and are buried in sedimentsbottom and are buried in sediments

One of the most common ways PAHs can One of the most common ways PAHs can enter the body is through breathing enter the body is through breathing contaminated air PAHs get into your lungs contaminated air PAHs get into your lungs when you breathe them If you live near a when you breathe them If you live near a hazardous waste site where PAHs are hazardous waste site where PAHs are disposed you are likely to breathe PAHs disposed you are likely to breathe PAHs If you eat or drink food and water If you eat or drink food and water contaminated with PAHs you could be contaminated with PAHs you could be exposedexposed

How can PAHs enter and leave How can PAHs enter and leave your bodyyour body

Exposure to PAHs can also occur if your Exposure to PAHs can also occur if your skin contacts PAH-contaminated soil or skin contacts PAH-contaminated soil or products like heavy oils coal tar roofing products like heavy oils coal tar roofing tar or creosote Creosote is an oily liquid tar or creosote Creosote is an oily liquid found in coal tar and is used to preserve found in coal tar and is used to preserve wood Once in your body PAHs can wood Once in your body PAHs can spread and target fat tissues Target spread and target fat tissues Target organs include the kidneys and liver organs include the kidneys and liver However PAHs will leave your body However PAHs will leave your body through urine and feces in a matter of through urine and feces in a matter of daysdays

EFFECTS ON LABORATORYEFFECTS ON LABORATORYANIMALSANIMALS

Tumors occur in some Tumors occur in some animals exposed for animals exposed for long periods of timelong periods of time

PAHs have been shown PAHs have been shown to have an effect on the to have an effect on the immune system of some immune system of some animalsanimals

EPA considers PAHs to EPA considers PAHs to be probable human be probable human carcinogens (cancer-carcinogens (cancer-causing substances)causing substances)

CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDSORGANIC COMPOUNDS

MEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRMEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRSample and Analysis ApproachSample and Analysis ApproachPCBsPCBsAmbient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted using toluene The extract is concentrated using the using toluene The extract is concentrated using the Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass spectrometryspectrometryDETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3DETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3

Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometryspectrometry

DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3

PAHs

For more informationFor more information

Contact your state health or environmental Contact your state health or environmental department or Agency for Toxic Substances department or Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta Georgia 30333 Georgia 30333

How do PAHs get in the How do PAHs get in the EnvironmentEnvironment

PAHs are released to the environment PAHs are released to the environment through natural and man made processes through natural and man made processes Man-made sources contribute far more Man-made sources contribute far more PAHs to the environment than natural PAHs to the environment than natural sourcessources

Man-made SourcesMan-made Sources

Burning of woodBurning of wood Vehicle exhaustVehicle exhaust Grilledsmoked foodsGrilledsmoked foods Cigarette smokeCigarette smoke Asphalt roadsParking lotsAsphalt roadsParking lots Roofingcoal tar productsRoofingcoal tar products Agricultural burningAgricultural burning

Natural SourcesNatural Sources

bull bull Forest fireForest fire

bull bull VolcanoesVolcanoes

PAHs in the EnvironmentPAHs in the Environment

PAHs stick tightly to soil particlesPAHs stick tightly to soil particles Some PAHs evaporate into the air from soil or Some PAHs evaporate into the air from soil or

surface waterssurface waters PAHs in air settle to the ground where they are PAHs in air settle to the ground where they are

deposited on soil plants or in lakes and deposited on soil plants or in lakes and streamsstreams

PAHs stay very close to the surface of the PAHs stay very close to the surface of the ground or move to lakes and streams by a ground or move to lakes and streams by a process called erosionprocess called erosion

PAHs that enter lakes or streams settle to the PAHs that enter lakes or streams settle to the bottom and are buried in sedimentsbottom and are buried in sediments

One of the most common ways PAHs can One of the most common ways PAHs can enter the body is through breathing enter the body is through breathing contaminated air PAHs get into your lungs contaminated air PAHs get into your lungs when you breathe them If you live near a when you breathe them If you live near a hazardous waste site where PAHs are hazardous waste site where PAHs are disposed you are likely to breathe PAHs disposed you are likely to breathe PAHs If you eat or drink food and water If you eat or drink food and water contaminated with PAHs you could be contaminated with PAHs you could be exposedexposed

How can PAHs enter and leave How can PAHs enter and leave your bodyyour body

Exposure to PAHs can also occur if your Exposure to PAHs can also occur if your skin contacts PAH-contaminated soil or skin contacts PAH-contaminated soil or products like heavy oils coal tar roofing products like heavy oils coal tar roofing tar or creosote Creosote is an oily liquid tar or creosote Creosote is an oily liquid found in coal tar and is used to preserve found in coal tar and is used to preserve wood Once in your body PAHs can wood Once in your body PAHs can spread and target fat tissues Target spread and target fat tissues Target organs include the kidneys and liver organs include the kidneys and liver However PAHs will leave your body However PAHs will leave your body through urine and feces in a matter of through urine and feces in a matter of daysdays

EFFECTS ON LABORATORYEFFECTS ON LABORATORYANIMALSANIMALS

Tumors occur in some Tumors occur in some animals exposed for animals exposed for long periods of timelong periods of time

PAHs have been shown PAHs have been shown to have an effect on the to have an effect on the immune system of some immune system of some animalsanimals

EPA considers PAHs to EPA considers PAHs to be probable human be probable human carcinogens (cancer-carcinogens (cancer-causing substances)causing substances)

CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDSORGANIC COMPOUNDS

MEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRMEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRSample and Analysis ApproachSample and Analysis ApproachPCBsPCBsAmbient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted using toluene The extract is concentrated using the using toluene The extract is concentrated using the Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass spectrometryspectrometryDETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3DETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3

Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometryspectrometry

DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3

PAHs

For more informationFor more information

Contact your state health or environmental Contact your state health or environmental department or Agency for Toxic Substances department or Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta Georgia 30333 Georgia 30333

Man-made SourcesMan-made Sources

Burning of woodBurning of wood Vehicle exhaustVehicle exhaust Grilledsmoked foodsGrilledsmoked foods Cigarette smokeCigarette smoke Asphalt roadsParking lotsAsphalt roadsParking lots Roofingcoal tar productsRoofingcoal tar products Agricultural burningAgricultural burning

Natural SourcesNatural Sources

bull bull Forest fireForest fire

bull bull VolcanoesVolcanoes

PAHs in the EnvironmentPAHs in the Environment

PAHs stick tightly to soil particlesPAHs stick tightly to soil particles Some PAHs evaporate into the air from soil or Some PAHs evaporate into the air from soil or

surface waterssurface waters PAHs in air settle to the ground where they are PAHs in air settle to the ground where they are

deposited on soil plants or in lakes and deposited on soil plants or in lakes and streamsstreams

PAHs stay very close to the surface of the PAHs stay very close to the surface of the ground or move to lakes and streams by a ground or move to lakes and streams by a process called erosionprocess called erosion

PAHs that enter lakes or streams settle to the PAHs that enter lakes or streams settle to the bottom and are buried in sedimentsbottom and are buried in sediments

One of the most common ways PAHs can One of the most common ways PAHs can enter the body is through breathing enter the body is through breathing contaminated air PAHs get into your lungs contaminated air PAHs get into your lungs when you breathe them If you live near a when you breathe them If you live near a hazardous waste site where PAHs are hazardous waste site where PAHs are disposed you are likely to breathe PAHs disposed you are likely to breathe PAHs If you eat or drink food and water If you eat or drink food and water contaminated with PAHs you could be contaminated with PAHs you could be exposedexposed

How can PAHs enter and leave How can PAHs enter and leave your bodyyour body

Exposure to PAHs can also occur if your Exposure to PAHs can also occur if your skin contacts PAH-contaminated soil or skin contacts PAH-contaminated soil or products like heavy oils coal tar roofing products like heavy oils coal tar roofing tar or creosote Creosote is an oily liquid tar or creosote Creosote is an oily liquid found in coal tar and is used to preserve found in coal tar and is used to preserve wood Once in your body PAHs can wood Once in your body PAHs can spread and target fat tissues Target spread and target fat tissues Target organs include the kidneys and liver organs include the kidneys and liver However PAHs will leave your body However PAHs will leave your body through urine and feces in a matter of through urine and feces in a matter of daysdays

EFFECTS ON LABORATORYEFFECTS ON LABORATORYANIMALSANIMALS

Tumors occur in some Tumors occur in some animals exposed for animals exposed for long periods of timelong periods of time

PAHs have been shown PAHs have been shown to have an effect on the to have an effect on the immune system of some immune system of some animalsanimals

EPA considers PAHs to EPA considers PAHs to be probable human be probable human carcinogens (cancer-carcinogens (cancer-causing substances)causing substances)

CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDSORGANIC COMPOUNDS

MEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRMEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRSample and Analysis ApproachSample and Analysis ApproachPCBsPCBsAmbient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted using toluene The extract is concentrated using the using toluene The extract is concentrated using the Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass spectrometryspectrometryDETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3DETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3

Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometryspectrometry

DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3

PAHs

For more informationFor more information

Contact your state health or environmental Contact your state health or environmental department or Agency for Toxic Substances department or Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta Georgia 30333 Georgia 30333

Natural SourcesNatural Sources

bull bull Forest fireForest fire

bull bull VolcanoesVolcanoes

PAHs in the EnvironmentPAHs in the Environment

PAHs stick tightly to soil particlesPAHs stick tightly to soil particles Some PAHs evaporate into the air from soil or Some PAHs evaporate into the air from soil or

surface waterssurface waters PAHs in air settle to the ground where they are PAHs in air settle to the ground where they are

deposited on soil plants or in lakes and deposited on soil plants or in lakes and streamsstreams

PAHs stay very close to the surface of the PAHs stay very close to the surface of the ground or move to lakes and streams by a ground or move to lakes and streams by a process called erosionprocess called erosion

PAHs that enter lakes or streams settle to the PAHs that enter lakes or streams settle to the bottom and are buried in sedimentsbottom and are buried in sediments

One of the most common ways PAHs can One of the most common ways PAHs can enter the body is through breathing enter the body is through breathing contaminated air PAHs get into your lungs contaminated air PAHs get into your lungs when you breathe them If you live near a when you breathe them If you live near a hazardous waste site where PAHs are hazardous waste site where PAHs are disposed you are likely to breathe PAHs disposed you are likely to breathe PAHs If you eat or drink food and water If you eat or drink food and water contaminated with PAHs you could be contaminated with PAHs you could be exposedexposed

How can PAHs enter and leave How can PAHs enter and leave your bodyyour body

Exposure to PAHs can also occur if your Exposure to PAHs can also occur if your skin contacts PAH-contaminated soil or skin contacts PAH-contaminated soil or products like heavy oils coal tar roofing products like heavy oils coal tar roofing tar or creosote Creosote is an oily liquid tar or creosote Creosote is an oily liquid found in coal tar and is used to preserve found in coal tar and is used to preserve wood Once in your body PAHs can wood Once in your body PAHs can spread and target fat tissues Target spread and target fat tissues Target organs include the kidneys and liver organs include the kidneys and liver However PAHs will leave your body However PAHs will leave your body through urine and feces in a matter of through urine and feces in a matter of daysdays

EFFECTS ON LABORATORYEFFECTS ON LABORATORYANIMALSANIMALS

Tumors occur in some Tumors occur in some animals exposed for animals exposed for long periods of timelong periods of time

PAHs have been shown PAHs have been shown to have an effect on the to have an effect on the immune system of some immune system of some animalsanimals

EPA considers PAHs to EPA considers PAHs to be probable human be probable human carcinogens (cancer-carcinogens (cancer-causing substances)causing substances)

CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDSORGANIC COMPOUNDS

MEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRMEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRSample and Analysis ApproachSample and Analysis ApproachPCBsPCBsAmbient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted using toluene The extract is concentrated using the using toluene The extract is concentrated using the Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass spectrometryspectrometryDETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3DETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3

Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometryspectrometry

DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3

PAHs

For more informationFor more information

Contact your state health or environmental Contact your state health or environmental department or Agency for Toxic Substances department or Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta Georgia 30333 Georgia 30333

PAHs in the EnvironmentPAHs in the Environment

PAHs stick tightly to soil particlesPAHs stick tightly to soil particles Some PAHs evaporate into the air from soil or Some PAHs evaporate into the air from soil or

surface waterssurface waters PAHs in air settle to the ground where they are PAHs in air settle to the ground where they are

deposited on soil plants or in lakes and deposited on soil plants or in lakes and streamsstreams

PAHs stay very close to the surface of the PAHs stay very close to the surface of the ground or move to lakes and streams by a ground or move to lakes and streams by a process called erosionprocess called erosion

PAHs that enter lakes or streams settle to the PAHs that enter lakes or streams settle to the bottom and are buried in sedimentsbottom and are buried in sediments

One of the most common ways PAHs can One of the most common ways PAHs can enter the body is through breathing enter the body is through breathing contaminated air PAHs get into your lungs contaminated air PAHs get into your lungs when you breathe them If you live near a when you breathe them If you live near a hazardous waste site where PAHs are hazardous waste site where PAHs are disposed you are likely to breathe PAHs disposed you are likely to breathe PAHs If you eat or drink food and water If you eat or drink food and water contaminated with PAHs you could be contaminated with PAHs you could be exposedexposed

How can PAHs enter and leave How can PAHs enter and leave your bodyyour body

Exposure to PAHs can also occur if your Exposure to PAHs can also occur if your skin contacts PAH-contaminated soil or skin contacts PAH-contaminated soil or products like heavy oils coal tar roofing products like heavy oils coal tar roofing tar or creosote Creosote is an oily liquid tar or creosote Creosote is an oily liquid found in coal tar and is used to preserve found in coal tar and is used to preserve wood Once in your body PAHs can wood Once in your body PAHs can spread and target fat tissues Target spread and target fat tissues Target organs include the kidneys and liver organs include the kidneys and liver However PAHs will leave your body However PAHs will leave your body through urine and feces in a matter of through urine and feces in a matter of daysdays

EFFECTS ON LABORATORYEFFECTS ON LABORATORYANIMALSANIMALS

Tumors occur in some Tumors occur in some animals exposed for animals exposed for long periods of timelong periods of time

PAHs have been shown PAHs have been shown to have an effect on the to have an effect on the immune system of some immune system of some animalsanimals

EPA considers PAHs to EPA considers PAHs to be probable human be probable human carcinogens (cancer-carcinogens (cancer-causing substances)causing substances)

CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDSORGANIC COMPOUNDS

MEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRMEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRSample and Analysis ApproachSample and Analysis ApproachPCBsPCBsAmbient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted using toluene The extract is concentrated using the using toluene The extract is concentrated using the Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass spectrometryspectrometryDETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3DETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3

Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometryspectrometry

DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3

PAHs

For more informationFor more information

Contact your state health or environmental Contact your state health or environmental department or Agency for Toxic Substances department or Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta Georgia 30333 Georgia 30333

One of the most common ways PAHs can One of the most common ways PAHs can enter the body is through breathing enter the body is through breathing contaminated air PAHs get into your lungs contaminated air PAHs get into your lungs when you breathe them If you live near a when you breathe them If you live near a hazardous waste site where PAHs are hazardous waste site where PAHs are disposed you are likely to breathe PAHs disposed you are likely to breathe PAHs If you eat or drink food and water If you eat or drink food and water contaminated with PAHs you could be contaminated with PAHs you could be exposedexposed

How can PAHs enter and leave How can PAHs enter and leave your bodyyour body

Exposure to PAHs can also occur if your Exposure to PAHs can also occur if your skin contacts PAH-contaminated soil or skin contacts PAH-contaminated soil or products like heavy oils coal tar roofing products like heavy oils coal tar roofing tar or creosote Creosote is an oily liquid tar or creosote Creosote is an oily liquid found in coal tar and is used to preserve found in coal tar and is used to preserve wood Once in your body PAHs can wood Once in your body PAHs can spread and target fat tissues Target spread and target fat tissues Target organs include the kidneys and liver organs include the kidneys and liver However PAHs will leave your body However PAHs will leave your body through urine and feces in a matter of through urine and feces in a matter of daysdays

EFFECTS ON LABORATORYEFFECTS ON LABORATORYANIMALSANIMALS

Tumors occur in some Tumors occur in some animals exposed for animals exposed for long periods of timelong periods of time

PAHs have been shown PAHs have been shown to have an effect on the to have an effect on the immune system of some immune system of some animalsanimals

EPA considers PAHs to EPA considers PAHs to be probable human be probable human carcinogens (cancer-carcinogens (cancer-causing substances)causing substances)

CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDSORGANIC COMPOUNDS

MEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRMEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRSample and Analysis ApproachSample and Analysis ApproachPCBsPCBsAmbient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted using toluene The extract is concentrated using the using toluene The extract is concentrated using the Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass spectrometryspectrometryDETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3DETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3

Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometryspectrometry

DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3

PAHs

For more informationFor more information

Contact your state health or environmental Contact your state health or environmental department or Agency for Toxic Substances department or Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta Georgia 30333 Georgia 30333

Exposure to PAHs can also occur if your Exposure to PAHs can also occur if your skin contacts PAH-contaminated soil or skin contacts PAH-contaminated soil or products like heavy oils coal tar roofing products like heavy oils coal tar roofing tar or creosote Creosote is an oily liquid tar or creosote Creosote is an oily liquid found in coal tar and is used to preserve found in coal tar and is used to preserve wood Once in your body PAHs can wood Once in your body PAHs can spread and target fat tissues Target spread and target fat tissues Target organs include the kidneys and liver organs include the kidneys and liver However PAHs will leave your body However PAHs will leave your body through urine and feces in a matter of through urine and feces in a matter of daysdays

EFFECTS ON LABORATORYEFFECTS ON LABORATORYANIMALSANIMALS

Tumors occur in some Tumors occur in some animals exposed for animals exposed for long periods of timelong periods of time

PAHs have been shown PAHs have been shown to have an effect on the to have an effect on the immune system of some immune system of some animalsanimals

EPA considers PAHs to EPA considers PAHs to be probable human be probable human carcinogens (cancer-carcinogens (cancer-causing substances)causing substances)

CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDSORGANIC COMPOUNDS

MEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRMEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRSample and Analysis ApproachSample and Analysis ApproachPCBsPCBsAmbient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted using toluene The extract is concentrated using the using toluene The extract is concentrated using the Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass spectrometryspectrometryDETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3DETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3

Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometryspectrometry

DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3

PAHs

For more informationFor more information

Contact your state health or environmental Contact your state health or environmental department or Agency for Toxic Substances department or Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta Georgia 30333 Georgia 30333

EFFECTS ON LABORATORYEFFECTS ON LABORATORYANIMALSANIMALS

Tumors occur in some Tumors occur in some animals exposed for animals exposed for long periods of timelong periods of time

PAHs have been shown PAHs have been shown to have an effect on the to have an effect on the immune system of some immune system of some animalsanimals

EPA considers PAHs to EPA considers PAHs to be probable human be probable human carcinogens (cancer-carcinogens (cancer-causing substances)causing substances)

CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDSORGANIC COMPOUNDS

MEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRMEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRSample and Analysis ApproachSample and Analysis ApproachPCBsPCBsAmbient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted using toluene The extract is concentrated using the using toluene The extract is concentrated using the Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass spectrometryspectrometryDETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3DETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3

Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometryspectrometry

DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3

PAHs

For more informationFor more information

Contact your state health or environmental Contact your state health or environmental department or Agency for Toxic Substances department or Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta Georgia 30333 Georgia 30333

CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC CLASSIFICATION OF TOXIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDSORGANIC COMPOUNDS

MEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRMEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRSample and Analysis ApproachSample and Analysis ApproachPCBsPCBsAmbient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted using toluene The extract is concentrated using the using toluene The extract is concentrated using the Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass spectrometryspectrometryDETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3DETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3

Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometryspectrometry

DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3

PAHs

For more informationFor more information

Contact your state health or environmental Contact your state health or environmental department or Agency for Toxic Substances department or Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta Georgia 30333 Georgia 30333

MEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRMEASUREMENTS IN AMBIENT AIRSample and Analysis ApproachSample and Analysis ApproachPCBsPCBsAmbient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and a polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by polyurethane foam (PUF) adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted cartridge are returned to the laboratory and extracted using toluene The extract is concentrated using the using toluene The extract is concentrated using the Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and Kuderna-Danish technique diluted with hexane and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution cleaned extract is then analyzed by high resolution gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass spectrometryspectrometryDETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3DETECTION LIMIT 025-5000pgm3

Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometryspectrometry

DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3

PAHs

For more informationFor more information

Contact your state health or environmental Contact your state health or environmental department or Agency for Toxic Substances department or Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta Georgia 30333 Georgia 30333

Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and Ambient air is drawn through a glass fiber filter and polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent polyurethane foam (PUF) or XAD-2 adsorbent cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The cartridge by means of a high volume sampler The filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 filter and PUF cartridge are extracted using 10 diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using diethyl ether The extract is concentrated using Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up Kuderna-Danish technique diluted and cleaned up using column chromatography The cleaned extract using column chromatography The cleaned extract is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass is then analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometryspectrometry

DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3DETECTION LIMIT 05-500ngm3

PAHs

For more informationFor more information

Contact your state health or environmental Contact your state health or environmental department or Agency for Toxic Substances department or Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta Georgia 30333 Georgia 30333

For more informationFor more information

Contact your state health or environmental Contact your state health or environmental department or Agency for Toxic Substances department or Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta 1600 Clifton Road NE E-29 Atlanta Georgia 30333 Georgia 30333