Drawing the motherboard layout of Pentium IV and studying the chipsetthrough data books or Internet.

Installation of Scanner, Printers and ModemsInstall a scanner

Applies to Windows7

There are two ways to install a scanner in this version of Windows. The method you choose depends on whether you want to connect the scanner directly to your computer (called alocalscanner), or use a scanner that's shared on a network.

Installing a local scanner

Most scanners sold today connect to your computer with a universal serial bus (USB) cable. But don't plug it in yet! Some scanners require you to install driver software before connecting the USB cable, so always follow the setup instructions that came with your device.

If your USB scanner didn't come with specific setup instructions, plug it in to your computer and Windows should automatically install it. If it's an older model, you might have to install it manually. For instructions, seeWorking with the Scanner and Camera Installation wizard.

Installing a network scanner

Network scanners are typically found in the workplace. Before you begin, it's helpful to know the scanner model and manufacturer name.

1. Open Network by clicking theStartbutton, and then clickingControl Panel. In the search box, typenetwork, and then, under Network and Sharing Center, clickView network computers and devices.2. Locate the scanner, right-click it, and then clickInstall.

3. Follow the instructions to finish adding the scanner.

Install a printer. here are several ways to connect a printer to your computer. Which option you choose depends on the device itself, and whether you're at home or at the office.

Always consult the information that came with your model for specific instruction

Applies to Windows7

Local printers

The most common way to install a printer is to connect it directly to your computer. This is known as alocal printer.

If your printer is a universal serial bus (USB) model, Windows should automatically detect it and begin installation when you plug it in.

If you're installing a wireless printer that connects to your computer over a wireless network (WiFi), you can use the Add a device wizard to install the printer. For instructions, seeConnect to Bluetooth and other wireless or network devices.

If it's an older model that connects using the serial or parallel port, you might have to install it manually.

To install (add) a local printer1. Open Devices and Printers by clicking theStartbutton, and then, on the Start menu, clickingDevices and Printers.2. ClickAdd a printer.

3. In the Add Printer wizard, clickAdd a local printer.

4. On theChoose a printer portpage, make sure that theUse an existing portbutton and the recommended printer port are selected, and then clickNext.

5. On theInstall the printer driverpage, select the printer manufacturer and model, and then clickNext.

If your printer isn't listed, clickWindows Update, and then wait while Windows checks for additional drivers.

If none are available and you have the installation CD, clickHave Disk, and then browse to the folder where the printer driver is located. (For additional help, consult the printer manual.)

6. Complete the additional steps in the wizard, and then clickFinish.

Network printers

In the workplace, many printers arenetwork printers. These connect directly to a network as stand-alone devices. Inexpensive network printers are also made for the home. To learn more, seeInstall a printer on a home network.

To install a network, wireless, or Bluetooth printerIf you're trying to add a network printer at the office, you'll usually need the name of the printer. If you can't find it, contact your network administrator.

1. Open Devices and Printers by clicking theStartbutton, and then, on the Start menu, clickingDevices and Printers.2. ClickAdd a printer.

3. In the Add Printer wizard, clickAdd a network, wireless or Bluetooth printer.

4. In the list of available printers, select the one you want to use, and then clickNext. (If your computer is connected to a network, only printers listed in Active Directory for your domain are displayed in the list.)

5. If prompted, install the printer driver on your computer by clickingInstall driver.If you're prompted for an administrator password or confirmation, type the password or provide confirmation.6. Complete the additional steps in the wizard, and then clickFinish.

Install a modem

You must be logged on as an administrator or a member of the Administrators group in order to complete this procedure. If your computer is connected to a network, network policy settings may also prevent you from completing this procedure.

1.Open Phone and Modem Options in Control Panel.

If you are prompted for location information, specify the dialing information for your location, and then clickOK.

2.On theModemstab, clickAdd.

3.Follow the instructions in the Install New Modem Wizard.

NoteTo open Phone and Modem Options, clickStart, clickControl Panel, and then clickNetwork and Internet Connections. UnderSee Also, clickPhone and Modem Options.

If the Install New Modem Wizard does not detect your modem, or you cannot find it listed, clickRelated Topicsfor instructions about installing an unsupported modem.

If you are installing an external modem, and a cable is not provided, refer to the manufacturer's instructions for cable requirements. Most common cables will work, but some cables do not have all of the pins connected. Do not use the 9-to-25 pin converters that come with most mouse hardware, because some of them do not carry modem signals.

Study of SMPS (ATX)S.M.P.S.

It means Switch Mode Power Supply. There are two types of SMPS are there. 1. AT ( Advanced Technology ). 2. ATX (Advanced Technology Extended). It is used to Convert the 220v AC or 110V AC Power into 12v,5v and Other DC voltages which are required the Peripherals inside the CPU Like Motherboard, Harddisk Drive, Floppy Disk Drive, CD orDVDDrivesetc.,To perform this operation, it receives the AC power, converts into DC with the help of a Bridge Rectifier, and stabilizes the DC Voltage separately. Then, with the help of a Switching Transformer it converts the voltage into 12v,5v and other Voltages. Again they will be Stabilized in the Secondary Part and then Connected to the Peripherals with thehelpftheCableswithConnectors.The main difference between AT and ATx Power Supply is, AT works with a Mechanical Switch. The switching is not programmable in the AT Model. But in the ATX it works with the Logical Switching Circuit, which can be switched by the various sources like, Power Switch, Alarm, Keyboard, Mouse, Password, Wakeonlan etc.,

Assembling and disassembling of Personal Computer

To Disassemble

1. Prepare all your tools.a. Long Philip Screw Driverb. Rubber Eraserc. Soft Wide Bristle Brushd. Paper and Pen for documentation

2. Before opening the system case, be sure to turn off the system unit. Turn off and unplug the AVR from the wall socket as well. After that, unplug all the cables connecting to the back of the system unit. After clearing all the connected cables, put the system unit on an empty working table.

3. Touch the unpainted part of your system unit with your bare hands to remove the ESD of your body. This is an important part before opening your system case. You might destroy your RAM, Chipsets and other components of your motherboard.

4. Remove the screws of the side cover opposite to the side where the ports are. By most system cases, if you are facing the back of the system unit the right side cover is to be removed. Return the screws back to the screw holes to avoid losing them.

5. Once the side cover is removed, turn your system side down where the opened side of the system unit should be facing upward where you can comfortably look down on the inside of your system case.

6. We are now ready to remove the components inside of the computer. The first thing we need to do is remove the power supply. To be able to remove the power supply, remove first the molex connectors (the white plastic connector at the tip of the wires of the power supply) or the motherboard power connector, drive power connectors, the floppy drive power connector, the sata power connectors and the four pin 12-volt motherboard connector. With all power connectosr are removed from the motherboard and drives, the power supply is now ok to be removed as well. Always have the removed components placed in a remote and safe place away from where you are performing computer disassembly.

7. With the power supply removed, the data cable should be removed next. This includes IDE, SATA, and floppy drive cables. Secure the removed data cables.

8. Next to remove are the RAM, Video Card and other card peripheral components. Again have them secured in a safe place and put the screws back. Clean the connector edges of the card peripherals by rubbing the gold colored edge moderately with a rubber eraser then brushing off the shredding. Do not attempt to clean the edge by blowing or brushing it off with your fingers. Our body is acidic and you might only cause the edges to tarnish faster.

9. Remove all drives. This will include your hard drive, cd/dvd drives, and the floppy drive.

10. Since all peripherals where removed, the next thing to do is to remove the front panel connectors. This will include the USB, Front Panel (FP) and Audio header. If you are not sure of which connector is being match to, write down or document the connections and orientation of the connectors before removing them from the headers. Remember that not all motherboards have the same header configuration so be careful and watchful while documenting.

11. After removing the header connectors, we are now ready to remove the motherboard. To remove the motherboard, locate first all the screws and lightly unscrew all screws alternately. With this technique, we are reducing the risk of warping or bending our motherboard. It may not have a large impact on the bending of the motherboard but still it does have even a little. Upon lightly loosening all screws, remove all screws then. Remove the motherboard by carefully and lightly pulling it away from the I/O shield. Why? because we need to free the ports that are fitted from the holes in the I/O shield. After freeing the motherboard ports from the I/O shield holes, lift up the motherboard and put it on the safe place.

12. Clean the system unit chassis with your brush, also clean your motherboard and the rest of the peripherals being removed.

To Assemble

1. Provided that all peripherals are clean and ready. We are now going to assemble your computer. In assembling back your computer, what we have done during disassembling is just doing the reverse order to assemble it. Since the motherboard was last to be removed, it should then be the first to put back. Remove the retaining screws from the standoff screws of the motherboard and let the motherboard seat on it with the ports facing out towards the I/O shield. Lightly push the motherboard to set its ports to the holes of the I/O shield. Put the retaining screws on the motherboard screw holes but do not tighten it yet. Now be careful in doing this one and if this is your first time doing it, it is best if you lend a hand for assistance. Lightly push the motherboard towards to I/O shield and lightly tighten the motherboard retaining screws alternately until all screws are tight enough but not too tight. This is to ensure that your ports are protruding correctly out of the I/O shield.

2. Once the motherboard is secured, put back the FP, Audio, and USB header connectors as you will be using your documentation for reference.

3. Put back the drives to the correct drive bays.

4. Connect back the RAM, Video Card and other card peripherals to its proper slot inserting it properly and some cards will require screws to be secured.

5. The data cables (IDE, SATA, floppy cable) should be connected to its proper headers and drives. Remember the proper configuration of the placement of the cables specially if you are dealing with the IDE cables.

6. After the data cables are properly connected, put back the power supply and secure it with the screws you removed earlier. After securing the PSU to the chassis, connect the power connectors to the drives and the motherboard.

7. Once all peripherals are connected properly, have a final inspection by visually checking for loose connection or improper connection. Once the system unit connections are thoroughly checked and verified, connect the keyboard; the monitor, and the power connector then power up the computer. This initial powering up of the computer while the side cover is open ensures us that everything is ok before putting back the side cover. In case something goes wrong, we can accessibly correct the problem right away. If everything is fine shutdown the computer, unplugged the AVR and remove the cables connected to the back of your computer. Put the side cover back.

8. Put the assembled computer back to its place and connect the rest of the cables and connectors. Power it up and see if there are unusual effects of your disassembling/assembling procedure done earlier.

Remember SAFETY. Do not neglect it. Neglect can cause catastrophic effects. I will be posting some videos soon if I can buy a video cam early before December. :-) Enjoydisassembling and assembling your computer safely and successfully.

Study of HDD: Identify various components of HDD and write their functions.What is hard disk drive?Ahard disk drive(often shortened as hard disk, hard drive, or HDD) is a non-volatile storage device that stores digitally encoded data on rapidly rotating rigid (i.e. hard) platters with magnetic surfaces. Strictly speaking, drive refers to the motorized mechanical aspect that is distinct from its medium, such as a tape drive and its tape, or a floppy disk drive and its floppy disk. Early HDDs had removable media; however, an HDD today is typically a sealed unit (except for a filtered vent hole to equalize air pressure) with fixed media.How hard drive works?A hard disk is a sealed unit containing a number of platters in a stack. Hard disks may be mounted in a horizontal or a vertical position. In this description, the hard drive is mounted horizontally.

Electromagnetic read/write heads are positioned above and below each platter. As the platters spin, the drive heads move in toward the center surface and out toward the edge. In this way, the drive heads can reach the entire surface of each platter.

Hard drive physical componentPLATTERS:Platter is a circular, metal disk that is mounted inside a hard disk drive. Several platters are mounted on a fixed spindle motor to create more data storage surfaces in a smaller area. The platter has a core made up of aluminium or glass substrate, covered with a thin layer of Ferric oxide or cobalt alloy. On both sides of the substrate material, a thin coating is deposited by a special manufacturing technique. This, thin coating where actual data is stored is the media layer.

Study and installation of any one display cards: VGA or SVGA display cards.Visual Graphics Array card

Alternatively referred to as adisplay adapter,graphics card,video adapter,video board, or avideo controller, avideo cardis aninternalcircuit board that allows a displaydevice such as amonitorto display images from the computer.

In the picture above, is an example of a video card with three connections orvideo portson the back, the standardVGAconnector,S-Videoconnector, and theDVIconnector. In this example, the card connects into theAGPslot on the computermotherboard.

Video card expansion slots

Over the development of computers, there have been several types ofexpansion slotsused for video cards. Today, the most common expansion slot for video cards isPCIe, which is replacingAGP, which replacedPCI, which replacedISA Create a restore point in Windows or use a similar backup tool.To create a restore point in Windows click on "Start" then "Control Panel" then "System and Maintenance" then "Backup and Restore Center." In the left column of the window, click "Create a Restore Point or Change Settings." Click "Continue" to authorize Windows to open the system properties window. Make certain that your C drive (or the drive with your operating system) is selected. In the bottom right corner of the window, click "Create..." Enter a name that you will easily recognize for the restore point. Windows automatically adds the date and time to the name. Click "Create." Depending on the size of your hard drive, this may take a few minutes.

The backup doesn't affect the installation of the VGA card, but it provides insurance that your files will be safe if something goes wrong.

Adjust your BIOs settings to disable the current graphics card. To get to the BIOs screen, you must press a specific button during the manufacturer's splash screen in the start up process. The splash screen will tell you which button you need to push (usually F1, F2, F10 or DEL).

In your BIOs, change the Primary Video, Video Adapter or Video Configuration setting to "auto" or "PCI." Save and exit.

Open the "Device Manager" in Windows. Open the "Display Manger." Select the device by double clicking. Disable the device by moving the drop down box to "Disable this device." Click "Okay" until you return to the desktop. Shut down the machine.

Unplug all of the machine's cords and cables. Each case is a little different, but usually there is a pair of screws or tabs holding the side panel in place. Remove the screws, and remove the side panel. Lay the machine on its side with the exposed side up.

With the anti-static wristband clipped to an unpainted, metal piece of the case, remove the metal slot cover in the back of the machine. Unscrew and pull it out. You may need to tap the back of it to loosen it.

Locate the appropriate PCI, PCI Express or AGI slot on your motherboard. With cable connections on the card in the metal hole, carefully slide the card in place. With your thumbs on either end of the card, press down gently but firmly to secure the card. Fasten the card in place with the screw from the metal slot cover.

Reassemble the machine and connect the monitor to the new card. Reconnect the power, keyboard and mouse.

Power on your machine and insert the support disk with the device drivers on it. Or download and install the most updated drivers from the manufacturer's website.